陳浩鑫,鄭楚發(fā),黃盛鑫,彭云恒
·誤診研究:消化系疾病·
腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石誤診為膽總管結(jié)石一例
陳浩鑫,鄭楚發(fā),黃盛鑫,彭云恒
目的探討腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石的臨床特征及誤診原因。方法回顧性分析我院近期收治的誤診為膽總管結(jié)石的腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石1例的臨床資料。結(jié)果本例因右上腹痛1月余入院。曾就診當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院,診斷為膽總管結(jié)石,予對癥治療后癥狀稍好轉(zhuǎn),但仍反復(fù)發(fā)作。入院后行血常規(guī)、肝功能、腹部CT等檢查并于氣管插管全身麻醉下行腹腔鏡探查術(shù),術(shù)后結(jié)合組織病理檢查結(jié)果,確診為腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石并感染、慢性膽囊炎,予抗感染等治療后好轉(zhuǎn)出院。隨訪10個(gè)月,未出現(xiàn)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。結(jié)論臨床遇及右上腹痛且予對癥治療后癥狀未見緩解者,要考慮到腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石的可能,完善相關(guān)檢查是避免或減少誤診誤治的關(guān)鍵。
腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石;誤診;膽總管結(jié)石
腹腔結(jié)石是臨床少見病,而位于右上腹的腹腔結(jié)石若合并感染,可出現(xiàn)類似膽石癥的臨床表現(xiàn),進(jìn)而誤診。我院近期收治誤診為膽總管結(jié)石的腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石1例,現(xiàn)分析報(bào)告如下。
男,75歲。因右上腹痛1月余入院。1個(gè)月前無明顯誘因出現(xiàn)持續(xù)性右上腹痛,無放射性疼痛,偶有惡心、嘔吐,無發(fā)熱、畏寒,在當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院行彩色多普勒超聲檢查示:膽總管結(jié)石,膽囊炎,予抗感染治療后癥狀稍緩解,但仍反復(fù)發(fā)作,為進(jìn)一步診治就診我院,以膽總管結(jié)石收入院。30余年前因上消化道穿孔行胃次全切除術(shù)。查體:生命體征平穩(wěn),心肺檢查未見異常;上腹正中可見長約8 cm的手術(shù)瘢痕,右上腹輕壓痛,無反跳痛及肌緊張。查血白細(xì)胞17.3×109/L,中性粒細(xì)胞0.825;總膽紅素11.4 μmol/L,丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶11 U/L,天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶19 U/L。腹部CT示:膽囊壁增厚,邊緣毛糙;膽總管上段見直徑約2.2 cm的球形高密度影,周圍脂肪間隙渾濁;肝內(nèi)膽道無擴(kuò)張,考慮:膽囊炎,膽總管上段結(jié)石(圖1)。初步診斷為膽總管結(jié)石并膽道感染、慢性膽囊炎,予抗感染治療2 d后于氣管插管全身麻醉下行腹腔鏡探查術(shù)。術(shù)中見上腹腔嚴(yán)重粘連,膽囊、十二指腸球部及大網(wǎng)膜與肝臟臟面粘連致密,膽囊壁厚,呈慢性炎癥改變;膽總管無明顯擴(kuò)張,右后方至下腔靜脈前方Winslow孔見一4.5 cm×3.0 cm大小的腫物,與膽囊粘連,表面充血水腫,組織糜爛,觸之易破,破潰后有膿液流出,腫物內(nèi)可見約2.2 cm×2.0 cm大小的黃色類圓形結(jié)石樣物質(zhì),表面完整(圖2)。術(shù)中切除膽囊及腫物,吸盡膿液,于Winslow孔放置引流管1根。術(shù)后病理報(bào)告:見較多炎性滲出物,細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)不清。確診為腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石并感染、慢性膽囊炎,予抗感染等治療后拔除引流管并痊愈出院。隨訪10個(gè)月,未出現(xiàn)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。
圖1腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石術(shù)前腹部CT示:膽總管上段見直徑約2.2 cm的球形高密度影;肝內(nèi)膽道無擴(kuò)張
圖2腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石術(shù)中所見:膽總管右后方至下腔靜脈前方Winslow孔見一4.5 cm×3.0 cm大小的腫物,表面充血水腫,觸之易破,腫物內(nèi)可見約2.2 cm×2.0 cm大小的黃色類圓形結(jié)石樣物質(zhì),表面完整
腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石是一種較少見疾病,發(fā)病原因不明確[1-2],可由繼發(fā)性因素或醫(yī)源性因素引起,結(jié)石核心由血塊、細(xì)菌團(tuán)、脫落的上皮細(xì)胞或未吸收的縫線構(gòu)成,在膠質(zhì)基質(zhì)的參與下逐漸沉積、擴(kuò)大,進(jìn)而形成結(jié)石[3],也可由醫(yī)源性結(jié)石殘留引起[4-5],合并感染可引起相應(yīng)的臨床癥狀。腹腔內(nèi)殘留結(jié)石及基質(zhì)沉積形成的較大結(jié)石可根據(jù)癥狀、體征等選擇觀察、對癥處理和手術(shù)治療等措施。
本例結(jié)石位于膽總管后方Winslow孔,加之30年前因消化道穿孔行胃次全切除術(shù),考慮可能由于血塊、細(xì)菌團(tuán)、脫落的上皮細(xì)胞或食物殘?jiān)练e于膽總管后方,構(gòu)成了結(jié)石的核心,在長達(dá)30年的時(shí)間中基質(zhì)不斷沉積,逐漸形成結(jié)石。
手術(shù)治療應(yīng)遵照操作指南,把握手術(shù)適應(yīng)證,術(shù)前注意患者是否有黃疸,血常規(guī)、膽紅素及其他肝功能指標(biāo)是否異常[6];其次,行膽總管切開取石術(shù)前,仔細(xì)探查膽總管及周圍情況,確認(rèn)膽總管是否有結(jié)石及其部位、膽總管擴(kuò)張程度等。若術(shù)中探查與手術(shù)預(yù)期方案相差甚遠(yuǎn),應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況調(diào)整方案[7],減少醫(yī)源性損傷。本例術(shù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石,及時(shí)調(diào)整方案,術(shù)后予對癥治療后癥狀好轉(zhuǎn)。
分析本例誤診的主要原因是醫(yī)師對腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石認(rèn)識不足,過分依賴影像學(xué)檢查結(jié)果,術(shù)前未仔細(xì)閱片,加上結(jié)石位于膽總管旁,依據(jù)入院時(shí)臨床表現(xiàn)、醫(yī)技檢查等,誤診為膽總管結(jié)石并膽道感染。術(shù)后通過多角度閱片,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該結(jié)石位于膽總管之外,而膽總管內(nèi)未見結(jié)石,且結(jié)石以上膽總管及肝內(nèi)外膽道無擴(kuò)張,與膽總管結(jié)石典型的CT影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)不符[8]。提示臨床應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對腹腔內(nèi)結(jié)石的認(rèn)識,仔細(xì)查體,反復(fù)閱讀影像學(xué)資料[9],若術(shù)前診斷不明確者,可行磁共振膽胰管造影、胰膽管逆行造影等檢查[10-11],減少醫(yī)源性損傷,避免誤診誤治。
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AbdominalIntracavitaryCalculiMisdiagnosedasCommonBileDuctCalculiaCaseReport
CHEN Hao-xin, ZHENG Chu-fa, HUANG Sheng-xin, PENG Yun-heng
(The First Department of General Surgery, Shantou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China)
ObjectiveTo investigate clinical features and misdiagnosed causes of abdominal intracavitary calculi.MethodsClinical data of one patient with abdominal intracavitary calculi, who was misdiagnosed as having common bile duct calculi, was retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe patient was admitted for pain in right hypochondrial region for more than one month. The patient was misdiagnosed as having common bile duct calculi in local hospital, and patient's symptoms had be improved a little after symptomatic treatment, but the condition was recurrent. After admitting in our hospital, examinations such as blood routine, liver function, computed tomography (CT) scan for abdomen and laparoscopic approach surgery under tracheal cannula and intubation anesthesia were performed, and the patient was confirmed as having abdominal intracavitary calculi combined with infection and chronic cholecystitis according to histopathologic result. The patient was discharged after condition had been improved by anti-infectious therapy. No related complication was found with 10 months of follow-up.ConclusionClinicians should take into account the possible of abdominal intracavitary calculi for patients with pain in right hypochondrial region without remission by symptomatic treatment. Related examinations should be performed completely in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
Abdominal intracavitary calculi; Misdiagnosis; Choledocholithiasis
515000 廣東 汕頭,中山大學(xué)附屬汕頭醫(yī)院普外一科
R572
A
1002-3429(2017)12-0013-02
10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2017.12.006
2017-08-16 修回時(shí)間:2017-09-29)