李兆慧,高興興,喻曉雁,阮曉,王強(qiáng)*
(1.浙江醫(yī)藥高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校中藥學(xué)院,浙江 寧波 315100;2.浙江大學(xué)寧波理工學(xué)院生化分院,浙江 寧波 315100)
紅豆杉科(Taxaceae)紅豆杉屬(Taxus)又名紫杉,為常綠喬木或灌木植物。紅豆杉屬植物全世界有11個(gè)種,主要分布于北半球溫帶、寒溫帶以及熱帶、亞熱帶高山地區(qū)[1-2]。紅豆杉屬植物中主要有三大類(lèi)物質(zhì),分別是以紫杉醇、10-DAB、三尖杉寧堿為代表的紫杉烷類(lèi)化合物、紫杉黃酮及紅豆杉多糖[1,3]。1971年,Wani等最早從短葉紅豆杉(Taxusbrevifolia)中分離得到Taxol,并證實(shí)其具有顯著的抗腫瘤活性[4]。此后,紫杉醇因其在乳腺癌、卵巢癌治療等方面取得的良好效果得到廣泛關(guān)注和深入研究。目前工業(yè)制備紫杉醇一般以紅豆杉枝葉為原料,提取10-DAB半合成紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇。在提取制備10-DAB的過(guò)程中,剩余大量的紅豆杉枝葉紫杉烷類(lèi)萃余物(TREFT)[5]已被證實(shí)含有豐富的黃酮類(lèi)化合物。黃酮類(lèi)化合物具有抗癌[6]、抗腫瘤[7]、抗氧化[8]、清除自由基[9]、抗心血管疾病[10]等獨(dú)特的生物活性,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)藥、食品等行業(yè)。
目前已從紅豆杉屬植物中分離鑒定出20余種黃酮類(lèi)及雙黃酮類(lèi)化合物[1],包括阿曼托黃酮[11]、槲皮素[12]、銀杏素[13]、金松雙黃酮[13]、榧雙黃酮[13]等。為充分開(kāi)發(fā)利用工業(yè)廢棄物TREFT,本課題組深入研究南方紅豆杉枝葉TREFT中的黃酮苷類(lèi)化合物,并分離鑒定3種黃酮苷化合物,分別為山奈酚3-O-β-D-鼠李糖(1?→6″)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、槲皮素3-O-蕓香糖苷(2)、山奈酚 3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖(1?→6″)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),其中化合物1和3首次從紅豆杉屬植物中分離得到。
TREFT粉末由寧波泰康紅豆杉生物工程有限公司提供,置干燥器內(nèi)室溫保存。
柱色譜硅膠(100~200目)、GF254薄層層析硅膠(青島海洋化工廠);AB-8大孔吸附樹(shù)脂(上海摩速學(xué)器材有限公司);ODS填料(50 μm,YMC公司);乙腈(Tedia公司,色譜純);分析純?cè)噭?北京化學(xué)試劑公司);氘代甲醇(Aladdin試劑有限公司);三蒸水(自制)。
Agilent 1290 infinity超高效液相色譜儀(DAD二極管陣列檢測(cè)器,Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse C18柱,2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm,美國(guó)Agilent公司);UV1800紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度計(jì)(日本島津公司); Bruker Avance AV 400超導(dǎo)核磁共振譜儀(Brucker公司);Brucker micro OTOF-Q質(zhì)譜儀(Brucker公司);AL204電子分析天平(梅勒特-托利多儀器有限公司)。
800 g TREFT粉末,料液比1∶20 g/mL加70%乙醇,45℃下超聲提取30 min,提取3次,提取液減壓濃縮至1 L,石油醚除去色素、油脂等,即得紫杉黃酮粗提物(22.07 g)。紫杉黃酮粗提物經(jīng)AB-8大孔樹(shù)脂,依次用3 BV 10%、40%、60%乙醇梯度洗脫,流速2 BV/h,UPLC檢測(cè)合并得3個(gè)部位Fr.1、Fr.2、Fr.3。Fr.2經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜(100~200目),依次用乙酸乙酯:甲醇(15∶1,9∶1,0∶1)洗脫,UPLC檢測(cè)合并得到3個(gè)部位Fr.2-1、Fr.2-2、Fr.2-3。Fr.2-2經(jīng)重結(jié)晶技術(shù)得化合物1(28.3 mg)。Fr.2-3經(jīng)減壓ODS柱,依次用甲醇-水(1∶9,4∶5,5∶4,7∶3)洗脫,UPLC檢測(cè)合并,經(jīng)重結(jié)晶技術(shù)得化合物2(36.2 mg)和化合物3(15.7 mg)。
化合物1,黃色粉末,分子式為C27H30O15,ESI-MS (m/z)=593.2 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(Methanol-d4,600 MHz)δ:8.06(2H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.89(2H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.39(1H,s,H-8),6.20(1H,s,H-6),5.11(1H,d,J=7.1 Hz,H-1″),4.52(1H,br,s,H-1?),3.81(1H,d,J=10.5 Hz,H-6″),1.13(3H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-6?)。13C-NMR(Methanol-d4,151 MHz)δ:180.56(C-4),167.45(C-7),164.15(C-5),162.70(C-9),160.57(C-4′),159.72(C-2),136.75(C-3),133.61(C-2′,6′),123.96(C-1′),117.38(C-3′,5′),106.79(C-10),105.96(C-1″),103.64(C-1?),101.31(C-6),96.22(C-8),79.38(C-4″),78.40(C-5″),76.97(C-3″),75.15(C-2″),73.50(C-3?),73.30(C-4?),72.64(C-2?),70.96(C-5?),69.81(C-6″),19.15(C-6?)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[14],故鑒定化合物1為山奈酚3-O-β-D-鼠李糖(1?→6″)-β-D-葡萄糖苷。
化合物2,黃色粉末,分子式為C27H30O16,ESI-MS(m/z)=609.1 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(Methanol-d4,400 MHz)δ:7.80-7.58(m,2H,H-2′,6′),6.90(1H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-5′),6.42(1H,s,H-8),6.23(1H,s,H-6),5.13(1H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-1″)。13C-NMR(Methanol-d4,151 MHz)δ:180.58(C-4),167.36(C-7),164.13(C-5),160.54(C-9),159.70(C-2),151.03(C-3′),147.03(C-4′),136.85(C-3),124.81(C-6′),124.33(C-1′),118.94(C-5′),117.30(C-2′),106.80(C-10),105.98(C-1″),103.64(C-1?),101.25(C-6),96.17(C-8),79.39(C-5″),78.40(C-3″),76.95,(C-2″),75.17(C-4?),73.47(C-4″),73.32(C-2?),72.61(C-3?),70.94(C-5?),69.79(C-6″),19.13(C-6?)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[15-17],故鑒定化合物2為槲皮素3-O-蕓香糖苷。
化合物3,黃色粉末,分子式為C26H28O15,ESI-MS (m/z)=579.2 [M-H]-。1H-NMR(Methanol-d4,400 MHz)δ:8.02(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.80(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.32(1H,s,H-8),6.11(1H,s,H-6),5.10(1H,d,J=7.5 Hz,H-1″),3.96(1H,d,J=6.9 Hz,H-1?),3.82(1H,m,H-6″)。13C-NMR(Methanol-d4,151 MHz,)δ:179.49(C-4),166.22(C-7),163.08(C-5),161.69(C-4′),158.83(C-9),158.56(C-2),135.62(C-3),132.35(C-2′,6′),122.74(C-1′),116.28(C-3′,5′),105.76(C-10),104.83(C-1?),104.13(C-1″),100.00(C-6),94.92(C-8),78.11(C-5″),78.03(C-3″),75.79(C-2″),74.06(C-3?),72.39(C-2?),71.47(C-4″),69.49(C-6″),69.17(C-4?),66.61(C-5?)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[18],故鑒定化合物3為山奈酚3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖(1?→6″)-β-D-葡萄糖苷。
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