萬鐘+萬長(zhǎng)浩
【摘要】 目的:分析研討舒筋健骨湯熏洗輔助康復(fù)訓(xùn)練隊(duì)骨折后膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)的臨床效果。方法:隨機(jī)從本院康復(fù)科2015年8月-2016年9月期間收治的膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍骨折患者中選取90例,用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為兩組,每組各45例。對(duì)照組接受常規(guī)康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,研究組接受舒筋健骨湯熏洗輔助康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,觀察并對(duì)比兩組膝關(guān)節(jié)狀況、關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)狀況、療效等。結(jié)果:研究組治療總有效率為93.33%高于對(duì)照組77.78%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)比兩組患者治療后HSS評(píng)分、ROM、腰椎L2~4骨密度、股骨頸骨密度,研究組均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,組間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:骨折后膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)期間可將舒筋健骨湯熏洗用以輔助康復(fù)訓(xùn)練進(jìn)行干預(yù),療效突出,對(duì)提升恢復(fù)療效存在有利作用,值得進(jìn)一步推廣和應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù); 康復(fù)訓(xùn)練; 舒筋健骨湯; HSS評(píng)分; 療效
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate clinical effects of Shu Jin Jian Gu Tang combined with rehabilitation exercise on function of knee joint after fracture.Method:90 patients with fractures around the knee who received rehabilitation therapy in our hospital from August 2015 to September 2016 were collected as research objects.According to method of random number table,those patients were divided into the control group and the research group,45 cases in each group.The control group was given rehabilitation exercise,while the research group was given Shu Jin Jian Gu Tang combined with rehabilitation exercise.Knee joint condition,joint activity condition and curative effect were compared between the two groups.Result:After treatment,the total therapeutic effect of the research group was 93.33%,higher than the control group of 77.78%,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of HSS,ROM,lumbar L2-4 bone density,and femoral neck bone density in the research group were statistically higher than those of control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Shu Jin Jian Gu Tang combined with rehabilitation exercise is effective for patients with recovery of knee joint after fracture,which can significantly improve curative effect.
【Key words】 Recovery of knee joint function; Rehabilitation exercise; Shu Jin Jian Gu Tang; Scores of HSS; Curative effect
First-authors address:Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM,Nanchang 330008,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.34.019
膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍骨折包含脛骨平臺(tái)骨折、髕骨骨折、股骨髁上骨折,屬于臨床較為常見的一種高能量損傷性骨折疾病,因關(guān)節(jié)受高能量暴力性損傷,短時(shí)間中會(huì)引發(fā)關(guān)節(jié)粘連、攣縮,出現(xiàn)關(guān)節(jié)異常,限制關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng),癥狀多表現(xiàn)為降低關(guān)節(jié)附近肌力、關(guān)節(jié)屈伸異常,減退本體感覺,屬于臨床骨科醫(yī)生所面臨的一個(gè)難題[1-2]。臨床治療此疾病的主要方式則為外科手術(shù),但術(shù)后會(huì)發(fā)生關(guān)節(jié)黏連,且長(zhǎng)時(shí)間制動(dòng)會(huì)造成肌肉萎縮、關(guān)節(jié)障礙等,嚴(yán)重影響患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量。因此,確保康復(fù)干預(yù)方式的有效性則相當(dāng)重要。此研究用分組研討方式分析90例患者,意在研討舒筋健骨湯熏洗輔助康復(fù)訓(xùn)練隊(duì)骨折后膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)的效果,具體報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 隨機(jī)從本院康復(fù)科2015年
8月-2016年9月期間收治的膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍骨折患者90例,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)膝關(guān)節(jié)或附近發(fā)生骨折,有接受支具固定、石膏固定、手術(shù)治療史;(2)拆除支具、石膏后,膝關(guān)節(jié)出現(xiàn)功能性障礙,表現(xiàn)為伸直或屈伸僵硬,對(duì)工作和生活存在不便;(3)膝關(guān)節(jié)屈曲在60°內(nèi),肌肉萎縮,股四頭肌肌力<Ⅳ級(jí);(4)膝關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)生腫脹疼痛,限制活動(dòng)[3]。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為兩組,每組各45例。對(duì)照組男24例,女21例;年齡49~66歲,平均(56.8±7.8)歲;15例脛骨平臺(tái)骨折,19例股骨髁上骨折,11例髕骨骨折。研究組男25例,女20例;年齡49.6~67歲,平均(56.9±7.6)歲;16例脛骨平臺(tái)骨折,18例股骨髁上骨折,11例髕骨骨折。兩組患者的一般資料比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。endprint
1.2 方法 對(duì)照組接受常規(guī)性康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,術(shù)后1 d患者進(jìn)行股四頭肌收縮鍛煉,15 min/次,鍛煉強(qiáng)度為患者不疲勞、耐受疼痛則可,3次/d,直至患者出院。術(shù)后第3天將患肢提高,屈伸訓(xùn)練膝關(guān)節(jié),先用膝關(guān)節(jié)功能鍛煉器被動(dòng)性活動(dòng),30 min/次,
2次/d。首先從0°~30°進(jìn)行活動(dòng),每天可增加10°,逐步將其增加到90°~120°,可持續(xù)鍛煉15~30 d,觀察患者狀況,可讓患者進(jìn)行膝關(guān)節(jié)主動(dòng)鍛煉,20 min/次,3次/d,連續(xù)治療30 d為一療程。研究組接受舒筋健骨湯熏洗輔助性治療,康復(fù)訓(xùn)練方式和對(duì)照組一致。藥方為20 g透骨草、20 g木瓜、10 g當(dāng)歸、30 g川芎、30 g乳香、30 g沒藥、10 g紅花、15 g川牛膝、15 g獨(dú)活、15 g威靈仙、20 g蒼術(shù)、15 g木香、30 g川烏、30 g草烏、20 g白芷、15 g荊芥、20 g防風(fēng)、20 g五加皮,加3000 mL水煎熬,煮沸30 min后,把藥渣過濾掉,倒入盆中,熏蒸膝關(guān)節(jié),直至溫度合適后,用毛巾侵入藥水,外敷在膝關(guān)節(jié)部位,20~40 min/次,連續(xù)治療30 d為一療程。
1.3 判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 依據(jù)《中藥新藥臨床研究指導(dǎo)原則》分顯效、有效、無效[3],顯效:無任臨床癥狀,關(guān)節(jié)伸直0°,活動(dòng)>120°,膝關(guān)節(jié)功能均正常;有效:各癥狀均消失,ROM范圍在90~120°,伸直受限在10°以下,膝關(guān)節(jié)功能逐步恢復(fù)正常;無效:以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均未達(dá)到,或逐步惡化??傆行?顯效+有效。判定患者HSS膝關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分[3],測(cè)定治療后腰椎L2~4骨密度、股骨頸狀況,測(cè)定ROM狀況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者的治療效果比較 研究組治療總療效率為93.33%高于對(duì)照組的77.78%,兩組比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( 字2=9.7829,P=0.0017)。見表1。
2.2 兩組患者治療后的HSS評(píng)分、ROM、腰椎L2~4骨密度、股骨頸骨密度比較 治療后,研究組HSS評(píng)分、ROM、腰椎L2~4骨密度、股骨頸骨密度均明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
3 討論
正常狀況下,膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度伸0°、屈曲130°,膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍骨折術(shù)后,長(zhǎng)期制動(dòng)會(huì)造成淋巴和靜脈淤滯、緩慢回流、水腫等,關(guān)節(jié)周圍的疏松性結(jié)締組織會(huì)演變?yōu)橹旅苄越M織,導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)僵硬,正?;顒?dòng)受到影響[4-6]。同時(shí)制動(dòng)可讓關(guān)節(jié)軟骨營(yíng)養(yǎng)發(fā)生異常,出現(xiàn)纖維化、萎縮壞死,讓關(guān)節(jié)狹窄而出現(xiàn)粘連,限制關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng),膝關(guān)節(jié)正?;顒?dòng)度屈曲<130°,圍術(shù)期不系統(tǒng)性康復(fù)治療對(duì)術(shù)后膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)狀況存在不利影響[7-10]。
治療關(guān)節(jié)周圍骨折的基本原則為將病理性組織修復(fù)后進(jìn)行固定處理,直至組織愈合后,再給予功能性鍛煉,因此術(shù)后給予康復(fù)鍛煉對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)功能康復(fù)意義重大,術(shù)后鍛煉方法和時(shí)間也需進(jìn)行科學(xué)的選擇[11-14]。臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的醫(yī)生往往會(huì)將康復(fù)方法、內(nèi)固定方式、手術(shù)方式以及患者實(shí)際狀況等聯(lián)系起來綜合性考慮,進(jìn)而確保膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)的良好性。手術(shù)、創(chuàng)傷可造成局部經(jīng)絡(luò)不通、氣血壅塞,氣血無法滿足靜脈肌肉需求,長(zhǎng)期下去肌肉則會(huì)發(fā)生萎縮、屈伸不利、靜脈攣縮,導(dǎo)致膝關(guān)節(jié)功能異常,但又無法強(qiáng)行性被動(dòng)活動(dòng),以免發(fā)生二次損傷,加大其經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)和痛苦程度[15-17]。中醫(yī)上給予活血化瘀、舒筋通絡(luò)療法,用舒筋健骨湯進(jìn)行熏洗,擴(kuò)張患部血管,讓藥物從皮膚等部位吸收進(jìn)入到全身[18-19],進(jìn)而發(fā)揮強(qiáng)壯筋骨、活血化瘀、溫經(jīng)止痛、疏筋通絡(luò)的作用,藥方內(nèi)木瓜、透骨草可活血止痛、舒筋活絡(luò),赤芍、川牛膝、紅花、沒藥、乳香、川芎等藥物有止痛祛淤活血的作用[20-21],五加皮可強(qiáng)筋狀骨等功效。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,研究組治療總療效率93.33%明顯高于對(duì)照組的77.78%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。同時(shí)對(duì)比兩組患者治療后HSS評(píng)分、ROM、腰椎L2~4骨密度、股骨頸骨密度,研究組均明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。這與有關(guān)研究結(jié)果相符合,也同時(shí)證實(shí)了舒筋健骨湯熏洗聯(lián)合康復(fù)訓(xùn)練的良好療效。
綜上所述,骨折后膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)期間可將舒筋健骨湯熏洗用以輔助康復(fù)訓(xùn)練進(jìn)行干預(yù),療效突出,對(duì)提升恢復(fù)療效存在有利作用,值得進(jìn)一步推廣和應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2017-07-10) (本文編輯:周亞杰)endprint