李霞+程亮+張勇+柏鳳
【摘要】 目的:探討內(nèi)臟脂肪源性絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor,Vaspin)檢測在初診2型糖尿病患者中的臨床意義。方法:選取初診2型糖尿病患者116例為T2DM組和健康體檢者46例為對照組,檢測血清Vaspin水平,并分析Vaspin水平與體重指數(shù)(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、體脂百分比(BFP)、空腹胰島素(Fins)及胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR)之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果:T2DM組血清Vaspin水平為(1.05±0.27)ng/mL,低于對照組的(1.14±0.29)ng/mL,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);T2DM組的超重/肥胖(OB)患者血清Vaspin水平為(0.73±0.19)ng/mL,
低于正常體重(NW)的(1.37±0.26)ng/mL(P<0.001);T2DM組的男性患者血清Vaspin水平為(0.87±0.25)ng/mL,低于女性患者的(1.23±0.29)ng/mL(P<0.001);Pearson相關(guān)分析顯示,血清Vaspin水平與BMI(r=-0.312,P=0.027)、WHR(r=-0.253,P=0.007)、BFP(r=-0.419,P=0.011)、Fins(r=-0.295,P=0.017)和HOMA-IR(r=-0.175,P=0.046)呈負(fù)相關(guān)。結(jié)論:Vaspin水平與胰島素抵抗和肥胖密切相關(guān),或參與了胰島素抵抗及2型糖尿病發(fā)生發(fā)展。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 初診2型糖尿病; 內(nèi)臟脂肪源性絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑; 胰島素抵抗; 肥胖
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor(Vaspin) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.Method:116 cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as T2DM group and 46 healthy subjects were selected as control group,the serum Vaspin levels were detected,and the relationship between Vaspin levels and body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR),body fat percentage(BFP),blood glucose,blood lipids,fasting insulin(Fins) and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were analyzed.Result:The serum Vaspin level in T2DM group was(1.05±0.27) ng/mL,and control group was(1.14±0.29) ng/mL,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The serum Vaspin level of overweight/obesity(OB) patients in T2DM group was(0.73±0.19) ng/mL,which was lower than (1.37±0.26) ng/mL of normal weight(NW)(P<0.001).The serum Vaspin level of male patients in T2DM group was(0.87±0.25) ng/mL,which was lower than (1.23±0.29) ng/mL of female patients(P<0.001).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum Vaspin levels were negatively correlated with BMI
(r=-0.312,P=0.027),WHR(r=-0.253,P=0.007),BFP(r=-0.419,P=0.011),F(xiàn)ins(r=-0.295,P=0.017) and HOMA-IR(r=-0.175,P=0.046).Conclusion:Vaspin levels are closely associated with insulin resistance and obesity,may be involved in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
【Key words】 Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus; Visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor; Insulin resistance; Obesity
First-authors address:Huaian Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University,Huaian 223002,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.34.031
脂肪組織作為胰島素抵抗的始發(fā)部位,不僅僅能夠儲(chǔ)存和釋放能量,還可以分泌多種脂肪細(xì)胞因子,包括脂聯(lián)素、瘦素、內(nèi)脂素、腫瘤壞死因子-α等[1-4]。其中,內(nèi)臟脂肪源性絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor,Vaspin)也是一種由脂肪細(xì)胞特異性表達(dá)和分泌且具有生物學(xué)活性的新型脂肪細(xì)胞因子[5-8]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Vaspin具有胰島素增敏作用,與肥胖和胰島素抵抗密切相關(guān)[9-11]。本研究就初診2型糖尿病患者血清Vaspin水平與糖脂代謝參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析,以探討Vaspin在2型糖尿病發(fā)生中的作用,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。endprint
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2014年8月-2015年12月于本院就診2型糖尿病患者116例為T2DM組,其中男64例,女52例,年齡(48.9±9.7)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合1999年WHO制定的2型糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);病程≤6個(gè)月;抗谷氨酸脫羧酶抗體和抗胰島素抗體均為陰性;空腹胰島素(fasting insulin,F(xiàn)ins)≥5 mU/L;且無口服降糖藥物及胰島素使用史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1型糖尿病、特殊類型糖尿病或合并糖尿病急慢性并發(fā)癥患者;繼發(fā)性肥胖患者;急慢性感染、腫瘤、心腦血管疾病和肝腎功能不全患者;懷孕、哺乳和長期服用避孕藥患者。另隨機(jī)選取同期于本院健康體檢的正常人46例為對照組,其中男25例,女21例,年齡(47.2±10.2)歲。兩組患者年齡、性別、身高、體重、血壓比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性?;颊呔鶎Ρ狙芯恐橥獠⒑炇鹬橥鈺?。
1.2 方法 統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組患者的臨床特征,包括年齡、性別、血壓、身高、體重、腰圍和臀圍,并計(jì)算體重指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)和腰臀比(waist-hip ratio,WHR),空腹10 h后于次日清晨留取靜脈血,測量空腹血糖(fasting Plasma Glucose,F(xiàn)PG)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、Fins、糖化血紅蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)以及Vaspin濃度,口服75 g葡萄糖2 h后再次采血,測量餐后2 h血糖(2 hours postprandial blood glucose,2 h PPG)水平。血清Vaspin測量采用酶聯(lián)免疫法,試劑盒由美國Creative Diagnostics公司生產(chǎn),最低可測濃度為0.01 ng/mL,批內(nèi)變異系數(shù)(CV)6.5%~8.7%,批間CV 5.8%~9.5%。胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR)=FPG×Fins/22.5。胰島β細(xì)胞功能指數(shù)(HOMA-β)=Fins×20/(FPG-3.5)。體脂百分比(BFP)=1.2×BMI+0.23×年齡-16.2(男)或1.2×BMI+0.23×年齡-5.4(女)。分析血清Vaspin水平與BMI、WHR、BFP、Fins、HOMA-IR的關(guān)系。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 16.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,非正態(tài)分布數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)對數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換后再分析,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對t檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。血清Vaspin水平與變量之間關(guān)系采用Pearson相關(guān)分析。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者臨床特征比較 兩組患者BMI、WHR、BFP、SBP、DBP、TG、HDL-C、比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);T2DM組FPG、PPG、HbA1c、TC、LDL-C、Fins、HOMA-IR均高于對照組,HOMA-β低于對照組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);T2DM組血清Vaspin水平低于對照組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 不同亞組受試者血清Vaspin水平比較 按BMI水平將受試者分為2個(gè)亞組:正常體重(NW,BMI<25 kg/m2)和超重/肥胖(OB,BMI≥25 kg/m2)。分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),T2DM組中正常體重受試者89例和超重/肥胖受試者27例的血清Vaspin水平分別為(1.37±0.26)ng/mL和(0.73±0.19)ng/mL(t=15.306,P<0.001);對照組中正常體重受試者36例和超重/肥胖受試者10例的血清Vaspin水平分別為(1.51±0.31)ng/mL和(0.77±0.23)ng/mL(t=9.192,P<0.001)。此外,T2DM組中男性和女性受試者的血清Vaspin水平分別為(0.87±0.25)ng/mL和(1.23±0.29)ng/mL(t=7.178,P<0.001);對照組中男性和女性受試者的血清Vaspin水平分別為(0.96±0.24)ng/mL和(1.32±0.28)ng/mL(t=4.697,P<0.001)。
2.3 血清Vaspin水平與各變量間的相關(guān)性分析 將受試者血清Vaspin水平與BMI、WHR、BFP、Fins、HOMA-IR進(jìn)行Pearson相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),血清Vaspin水平與BMI(r=-0.312,P=0.027)、WHR(r=-0.253,P=0.007)、BFP(r=-0.419,P=0.011)、Fins(r=-0.295,P=0.017)和HOMA-IR(r=-0.175,P=0.046)呈負(fù)相關(guān)。
3 討論
早在2005年,日本學(xué)者Hida等[12]首次從OLETE大鼠內(nèi)臟脂肪組織中分離一種新型脂肪細(xì)胞因子,命名為Vaspin,Vaspin屬于絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑(Serpin)超家族一員,由395個(gè)氨基酸組成,相對分子量約為45000,結(jié)構(gòu)包含3個(gè)β折疊、9個(gè)α螺旋、以及1個(gè)反應(yīng)位點(diǎn)環(huán)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),兩組患者中的OB受試者血清Vaspin水平均明顯高于NW受試者(P<0.05),且Vaspin水平與BMI、WHR和BFP均呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.05)。此前,Nakatsuka等[13]曾對OLETF大鼠進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),6周齡時(shí)大鼠內(nèi)臟脂肪組織中無Vaspin mRNA的表達(dá),但到30周齡時(shí),隨著OLETF大鼠的體重、體脂含量達(dá)到高峰,內(nèi)臟脂肪組織中可以檢測出高Vaspin mRNA表達(dá),然而此后隨著大鼠體重的下降,內(nèi)臟脂肪組織中Vaspin mRNA表達(dá)表達(dá)逐漸減少。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),給予運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)治療治療8周后,伴隨著體重指數(shù)和體脂百分比下降,血清Vaspin水平可出現(xiàn)明顯升高[14]。Lu等[15]對接受減重手術(shù)治療患者進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),減重手術(shù)后,隨著體重下降,患者血清胰島素和C肽濃度降低,胰島素敏感性增加,胰島素抵抗改善,血清Vaspin水平也隨之逐漸降低,因此Vaspin水平與肥胖、體脂含量和體脂分布情況密切相關(guān)。endprint
本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者中的女性受試者血清Vaspin水平均明顯高于男性受試者(P<0.05),提示體內(nèi)Vaspin分泌具有一定的性別差異。曾有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與年齡、BMI和WHR匹配的非多囊卵巢綜合癥(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者相比,超重PCOS患者血清Vaspin和雌激素(estrogen,E2)水平均有不同程度升高[16]。而且通過使用不同劑量E2干預(yù)網(wǎng)膜脂肪細(xì)胞發(fā)現(xiàn),E2能夠增加Vaspin分泌,且呈劑量依賴性[17]。由此本研究推測雌激素有可能是導(dǎo)致Vaspin水平性別差異的原因之一。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,血清Vaspin水平與FINS和HOMA-IR均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。以往研究提示,給予肥胖ICR小鼠腹腔注射重組人Vaspin注射液后,進(jìn)行葡萄糖耐量事件發(fā)現(xiàn),與未注射Vaspin小鼠相比,注射Vaspin小鼠葡萄糖負(fù)荷后2 h血糖水平出現(xiàn)明顯下降,但血清胰島素濃度無明顯增加,提示Vaspin或具有胰島素增敏作用[18]。而且肥胖ICR小鼠經(jīng)Vaspin注射治療后,白色脂肪組織中瘦素、腫瘤壞死因子-α和抵抗素等基因表達(dá)下調(diào),而脂聯(lián)素和葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體-4基因表達(dá)上調(diào),提示Vaspin的胰島素增敏作用或通過對白色脂肪組織進(jìn)行調(diào)控實(shí)現(xiàn)。此外臨床研究顯示,皮下脂肪組織中Vaspin mRNA表達(dá)水平與空腹胰島素呈正相關(guān)[19],與胰島素敏感性指數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)[4]。本研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),Vaspin水平與胰島素抵抗密切相關(guān),提示Vaspin或可能參與了胰島素抵抗的發(fā)生發(fā)展。
綜上所述,Vaspin與胰島素抵抗、肥胖和體脂分布密切相關(guān),或參與了胰島素抵抗、肥胖和2型糖尿病的發(fā)生發(fā)展,Vaspin水平檢測或可為臨床評估糖尿病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提供依據(jù)。
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(收稿日期:2017-08-14) (本文編輯:董悅)endprint