覃朝姣
英語里的主謂一致中有兩個(gè)比較容易混淆的原則,即就近原則和就遠(yuǎn)原則。就近原則指的是謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞在“人稱、數(shù)”方面一致。而就遠(yuǎn)原則指的是謂語與比較遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)主語在“人稱、數(shù)”方面保持一致。
為了讓同學(xué)們更加輕松地區(qū)分這兩個(gè)原則,筆者總結(jié)了一句口訣可讓你輕松地把這兩個(gè)原則區(qū)分開來:
“除了than和”就遠(yuǎn),“只有選擇”就近。
一、“除了than和”就遠(yuǎn)
1. 含義:指在以下三種情況下通常用就遠(yuǎn)原則。
(1)除了:but, except, besides, in addition to, apart from
(2)than:rather than, more than, no less than
(3)和:as well as, with, along with, together with, combined with, like, including
2. 例句:
(1)No one but you knows what really happened. 除了你,沒有人知道到底發(fā)生了什么。
(2)Everybody except you looks down on me. 除了你,大家都看不起我。
(3)John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 約翰,而不是他的室友,應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。
(4)My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan. 我的父親不亞于我,也是個(gè)棒球迷。
(5)A woman with two children has come. 一位婦女帶著兩個(gè)孩子已經(jīng)來了。
(6)Jim, as well as his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同學(xué)都看過這部電影。
(7)Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. 格林先生,以及他的妻兒,已經(jīng)來到中國。
(8)Mary, like you and Tom, is very tall. 瑪麗,像你和湯姆一樣,個(gè)子都非常高。
(9)Eight people, including the driver, were injured in the traffic accident. 有八個(gè)人,包括司機(jī),在這次交通事故中受傷了。
二、“只有選擇”就近
1. 含義:指在以下三種情況下通常用就近原則。
(1)只:not onl ... but also (不但……而且), not ... but (不是……而是)
(2)有:there be句型
(3)選擇:or(或者), either ... or(或者……或者), neither ... or(既不……也不)
2. 例句:
(1)Not only you but(also)he is wrong. 不僅你錯(cuò)了,他也錯(cuò)了。
(2)Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你,而是你父親該受責(zé)備。
(3)There is a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書
(4)Were you or he there? 當(dāng)時(shí)是你還是他在那里呢?
(5)Was he or you there? 當(dāng)時(shí)是他還是你在那里呀?
(6)Either you or he was there. 當(dāng)時(shí)是你還是他在那里呢?
(7)Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不對(duì)。endprint