黃娜

嘉興南湖，碧空碧水，船艇一過，白鷺齊飛。

“美吧！”張新志一臉自豪，“這片棲息地在湖心，外人很少能看到。”

新年伊始的一個(gè)冬日，筆者造訪“湖心島島主”張新志一家。

張新志去年10月從南湖革命紀(jì)念館退休，他的任務(wù)就是蹲在湖心島上守護(hù)紅船。

“島主”這一外號(hào)，霸氣外露，卻也妥帖。

他熟知島上每棵古樹名木，煙雨樓里每幅字畫、紅船上每個(gè)構(gòu)件……光陰荏苒，日出日落，轉(zhuǎn)眼33載，女兒都已三十而立。

女兒張一是南湖革命紀(jì)念館的講解員，每天在南湖邊給游客講解“紅船故事”。張一的母親徐金巧已退休，也曾是南湖革命紀(jì)念館的一名金牌講解員，還帶出了大批講解“徒弟”。

一條小船與一個(gè)大黨的故事，從南湖邊開始傳頌。而這一家三口，因?yàn)槭刈o(hù)和宣講紅船，成為令人稱羨的“紅船家庭”。

守護(hù)：33載初心如一，紅船是我們的寶貝

每天早晨8點(diǎn)，張新志準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)在南湖老渡口。他熟練地跳上船頭，與同事一起駛向湖心島，開始一天的忙碌。

33年的習(xí)慣，他上島第一件事：徑直走到紅船前反復(fù)打量，船體是否偏向、零件是否有損壞、衛(wèi)生是否整潔……他檢查時(shí)一絲不茍，蹙眉凝神，皺紋都擠到了一塊。

“紅船也59歲了，雖然每年都檢修，可日曬雨淋的，畢竟年歲大了。”張新志小心擦拭著，視如珍寶。

張新志介紹說，現(xiàn)在停在南湖上的這艘船，是一艘單夾弄船，長16米、寬3米，船殼呈黃褐色，船后還拖著一只小的拖梢船，用于擺渡客人。“由于年代久遠(yuǎn)，早已找不到當(dāng)年舉行中共‘一大會(huì)議的那艘船。為還原歷史，這艘船是據(jù)董必武、王會(huì)悟等同志回憶和相關(guān)史料記載，于1959年仿制的。”

1985年10月，張新志到南湖革命紀(jì)念館工作第一天，師傅說把紅船交給他守護(hù)?；叵肫甬?dāng)年的情景，他至今無法忘懷，“榮譽(yù)感和責(zé)任感油然而生，雖然知道擔(dān)子很重，但卻特別自豪和振奮。”

“紅船是我們嘉興的寶貝，只要我在崗一天，就要守護(hù)好一天?！?3年，他絲毫不敢懈怠。

紅船一年一小修，兩年一大修。今年紅船又將大修，張新志已和船廠多次溝通，提前準(zhǔn)備好方案和材料。每次維修，都必須是酷暑天，張新志和師傅們將1000多個(gè)零件小心翼翼地拆下，清洗曬干，修漏補(bǔ)缺，再上七八遍桐油，每天揮汗如雨，曬傷脫皮也是常事。

工期歷時(shí)50天左右，要做到“修舊如舊”，功夫很深?，F(xiàn)在很多工作，張新志都交給了徒弟李少敏，他從旁悉心教導(dǎo)，毫無保留，“我退休后，要靠他挑大梁了。”

張新志最怕的是惡劣天氣，大雪天，要時(shí)刻觀察雪情，及時(shí)清理積雪;臺(tái)風(fēng)季節(jié)要根據(jù)風(fēng)向移位，把船轉(zhuǎn)移到避風(fēng)港，用繩子、鐵錨加固。

曾經(jīng)那些往事，歷歷在目，難忘難舍。

南湖沒建水閘前，一到夏天就發(fā)大水，為了讓游客如愿瞻仰紅船，他和同事一起填沙包、鋪跳板;

20多年前的一個(gè)夜晚，女兒正發(fā)高燒，他從電視里得知臺(tái)風(fēng)要來便立馬趕往南湖，和同事一起跳入湖中，用繩索加固紅船;

2001年6月，因臺(tái)風(fēng)天氣，他和同事7天7夜不離島，一直守護(hù)紅船，每天就吃泡面;

2008年，江南罕見大雪，他跳入冰冷的湖中，將被積雪壓傾斜的拖梢船扶正，回到岸上時(shí)，身體凍得僵硬;

……

“這么多年都圍著紅船轉(zhuǎn)，現(xiàn)在一旦遇到惡劣天氣，還是睡不著覺，條件反射一般，隔一會(huì)就給值班人員打電話問問?！睆埿轮拘φf，這是職業(yè)病了。

傳播：講解員要常講常新，宣講好紅船故事

1月10日上午，南湖文化活動(dòng)中心的一間排練房內(nèi)，30多個(gè)老人在認(rèn)真合奏，徐金巧站定、亮腔，排演現(xiàn)代京劇《杜鵑山》。

她一頭紫紅色的短發(fā)，大紅繡花圍巾，瘦高的身材，自帶干練氣場。

徐金巧年輕時(shí)是嘉興地區(qū)京劇團(tuán)的當(dāng)家花旦。1984年，京劇團(tuán)解散，徐金巧和張新志重新?lián)駱I(yè)。當(dāng)時(shí)，徐金巧才26歲，滿是不舍。

考慮到自己普通話不錯(cuò)，1984年11月，徐金巧到南湖革命紀(jì)念館做了講解員，重新學(xué)一門立身之本。

剛開始并不順利。她習(xí)慣性把唱京劇的腔調(diào)帶進(jìn)了講解中，聽起來特別奇怪。為此，她經(jīng)常找單位的老師和同事求教，還特地去買了個(gè)錄音機(jī)，邊講解邊錄，自我找茬。

講解的文化知識(shí)也得重新學(xué)起來。中共黨史、嘉興的人文歷史、名人文化、運(yùn)河文化……不知道游客會(huì)問啥，只能多手準(zhǔn)備。

“長沙新民學(xué)會(huì)有多少人？”“南湖水容量有多少？”……游客提的“刁鉆”問題，還是會(huì)難倒徐金巧。休息時(shí)間，她就往資料室、檔案館、圖書館跑，或者請教相關(guān)專家。

憑著這股“好學(xué)”精神，徐金巧很快成了金牌講解員，后來專門負(fù)責(zé)培訓(xùn)新講解員。從儀容儀表、接待規(guī)范到講解內(nèi)容，都是手把手教。現(xiàn)在南湖景區(qū)的講解員，基本上都是她的徒弟。

“講解員要常講常新，走出去學(xué)，請進(jìn)來教，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，不斷提高?！毙旖鹎烧f。

“不同的對象，就要采取不同的個(gè)性化方式來講解。我還創(chuàng)新形式，帶著徒弟們將講解的內(nèi)容編成板書、表演唱?！?005年，她還將“紅船精神”融入宣講中，向前來瞻仰紅船的游客講述更為深刻的紅船故事。

2014年，徐金巧從南湖革命紀(jì)念館退休后，重拾愛好，與一幫熱愛京劇的朋友一起排練交流。他們有個(gè)“現(xiàn)代京劇愛好者”微信群，部分是當(dāng)年京劇團(tuán)的成員。每周三，群友們從上海、杭州、湖州等地齊聚嘉興，風(fēng)雨無阻，已堅(jiān)持一年多。endprint

“我們時(shí)常去敬老院、社區(qū)表演，一來做公益，二來也是愛好，傳播國粹嘛！”她說，近來樂團(tuán)也在排練一些紅色劇目，如果建黨百年時(shí)有表演需要，也用得上。

傳承：女兒在紅船邊長大，父母是最好的老師

1米72的高個(gè)子，張一是個(gè)漂亮的姑娘。

毫不夸張地說，張一的“胎教”就在紅船邊。節(jié)假日是張新志夫婦最忙的時(shí)候，只得把張一帶到單位，所以張一是在紅船旁長大的。

徐金巧保存著女兒從小到大在紅船旁拍的照片，沒想到，女兒也和紅船結(jié)下不解之緣。

“她當(dāng)初報(bào)考南湖景區(qū)的講解員，還是瞞著我的?！睆埿轮拘φf，“女兒自己非常努力，后來成了金牌講解員，接待過很多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)?！?/p>

“從小看到父母對紅船感情很深，覺得他們的工作很有意義，潛移默化影響了我吧?！睆堃?009年大學(xué)畢業(yè)后做講解員到現(xiàn)在，其中有三年轉(zhuǎn)崗做景區(qū)宣傳策劃，后來還是覺得喜歡在人前宣講，去年9月又做回講解員。

講解員的苦，父母最清楚。節(jié)假日都忙，寒冬酷暑都要在室外帶團(tuán)，即使嗓子疼身體不舒服仍要笑臉相迎，保持好的精神面貌……可是女兒喜歡呀，父母只能支持。

在家里，母親經(jīng)常和她“切磋”。從黨史到嘉興人文知識(shí)，從待人接物到服裝搭配，她們是母女，也是師徒。

“我會(huì)虛心聽取建議，但我也會(huì)有自己的想法。”張一說，她喜歡創(chuàng)新表達(dá)，要既符合史實(shí)，又生動(dòng)易懂。

張一說，她很幸運(yùn)，父母是第一任老師，也是最好的老師。父親教她認(rèn)真、堅(jiān)守;母親教她吃苦、好學(xué)。

耳濡目染，張一對自己也很嚴(yán)格。一天要帶兩三個(gè)團(tuán)日刷上萬步，有時(shí)凌晨4點(diǎn)就要去接團(tuán)，回到家身體累得散架。她在業(yè)務(wù)上和媽媽一樣精益求精，自費(fèi)去西安旅游，專程去陜西歷史博物館、西安博物館，聽同行講解，對比學(xué)習(xí)。

浙江省青年崗位能手、嘉興市青年崗位能手、嘉興市技術(shù)操作能手……張一和父母一樣優(yōu)秀，獲得很多榮譽(yù)。她看過《習(xí)近平的七年知青歲月》，“那是當(dāng)代青年勵(lì)志成長的鮮活教材，我現(xiàn)在要趁年輕不斷積淀，腳踏實(shí)地?！?/p>

去年10月31日，習(xí)近平總書記帶領(lǐng)中共中央政治局常委集體來嘉興瞻仰紅船，還參觀了南湖革命紀(jì)念館。這讓張一一家深受鼓舞。

“要將‘紅船精神與十九大精神結(jié)合起來，講出嘉興的生動(dòng)故事?！睆堃徽f，她認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)了十九大報(bào)告和習(xí)近平總書記南湖重要講話，現(xiàn)在帶團(tuán)宣講時(shí)，會(huì)結(jié)合時(shí)代特點(diǎn)，創(chuàng)新表達(dá)，讓“紅船精神”永放光芒。

（本文圖片由沈志成攝）

In July 1921， the first national congress of the Communist Party of China was concluded on a tour boat on the South Lake in Jiaxing after the twelve representatives had held sessions in Shanghai and come to Jiaxing for the sake of security.

The boat is now called “Red Boat” and known to everyone. It symbolizes the heroic history of Chinese people seeking a way to rejuvenate the declining nation and build China strong and powerful. The Red Boat and the South Lake Revolution Memorial Museum attract millions of visitors a year.

In Jiaxing， Zhang Xinzhi， his wife Xu Jinqiao and their daughter Zhang Yi have a total devotion to the Red Boat.

Zhang Xinzhi

Zhang Xinzhi retired from the museum in October 2017 after working 33 years as the keeper of the boat. In his work years， he kept a diligent schedule. At eight oclock in the morning， he and his colleagues met at the pier to take a ferry to the isle in the middle of the lake. Upon arrival， he went to the boat and took a general inspection. There was a long checklist for his daily routine. He needed to check if the boat was in the right mooring spot， if the boat sat levelly on the water， if any parts of the boat were all right， if there was any damage， if the boat was kept clean.

The boat is now 59 years old. The boat which carried the first group of Chinese communists had long gone. The present boat was a reconstruction built in 1959. The design and relevant information and data came from the memories provided by Dong Biwu， a representative of the first national congress of the CPC， and other people， and from historical literature.endprint

An annual maintenance is conducted to assure the boat kept in good conditions and a daily inspection is still needed as it is moored outdoors. Every two years， the boat goes through a fifty-day overhaul. More than 1，000 parts of the boat are taken out， cleaned and dried， and replaced if necessary， and waterproofed， and installed back again. It is done in hottest summer days. Zhang participated in the biennial overhaul in the past 33 years. Nowadays， his disciple Li Shaomin has taken the work over.

Physically， the boat is 16 meters long， 3 meters wide， painted in the color of yellowish brown. There is a smaller boat roped to the tail part of the big one as a ferry boat to carry people on and off the tour boat.

Zhang Xinzhi remembers the first day he became the keeper of the boat. It was an October day in 1985. He started working for the museum that day. The biggest risks are bad weather. He watched the snow days and removed snow from the boat in time. In the typhoon season， he needed to move the boat to safety mooring places. If a typhoon hit， the boat must be moved to a shelter and fastened down.

Xu Jinqiao

His wife Xu Jinqiao came to work for the museum in 1984， a year before her husband. She had been a Peking Opera artist in Jiaxing. In 1984， the troupe ceased to be. She was 26 years old. As she spoke Putonghua， she chose to be a narrator for the museum.

The new career did not start off well. The first barrier she needed to remove was the Putonghua pronunciation. She was used to the way she spoke on the Peking Opera stage. Her narration at first sounded like the stage lines， which did not sound right to her new audience. She listened to the recordings of her narrations and practiced hard to get rid of the theater pronunciation.

Another barrier was much more difficult to overcome. She needed to make herself as knowledgeable as possible about almost anything about the early history of the Communist Party of China and anything else. Questions from visitors can come in any unexpected ways. How much water is there in the South Lake？ How many members did Xinmin Institute （an progressive organization founded in 1918 by Mao Zedong and his like-minded comrades in search of the way to change China before the CPC came into being） in Changsha have？ She did thorough research in local libraries and reading rooms until she became a walking encyclopedia on the history of the CPC and everything about Jiaxing. She became a gold-medal narrator of the museum. Toward the end of her narrator career， she was tasked to teach younger narrators. Nowadays， the narrators at the museum all received training under her tutelage.endprint

She retired from the museum in 2014. Nowadays， she has picked up Peking Opera again. A group of Peking Opera fans in Jiaxing has organized themselves into a club and maintains the bond on WeChat. Every Wednesday， fans from Shanghai， Hangzhou， Huzhou and other places come to Jiaxing and rehearse and stage shows.

Zhang Yi

Actually the daughter grew up with the Red Boat. She did not tell her parents when she signed up to be a narrator of the museum after her graduation from college in 2009. Professionally， she learned from her mother. She worked in another position at the museum for three years but found that she liked being a narrator. So she came back to be a narrator. She is now a gold-medal narrator. Being a narrator at this museum means hard work. Visitors come from all over China. Government officials， primary school， middle school and college students， and employees of institutions constitute a big part of visitors. Narrating for them takes hours. Sometimes she needs to receive two or three groups a day. Sometimes she needs to get up at four oclock to receive visitors.

She spares no efforts to improve herself. One year， she traveled to Xian， the capital of Shaanxi Province and did sightseeing around there. She went out of her way to visit Shaanxi History Museum and Xian Museum so as to hear how her counterparts in these institutions narrated for visitors.

For her excellent professional performance at the museum， Zhang has received honors at the provincial and the municipal level.endprint