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MTHFR基因多態(tài)性與中年男性冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度的相關(guān)研究

2018-03-29 08:33袁帥邢曉博李曉尚興福趙雯娜王芳王寧張克傳劉福頌
醫(yī)學(xué)信息 2018年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:同型半胱氨酸冠心病基因

袁帥 邢曉博 李曉 尚興?!≮w雯娜 王芳 王寧 張克傳 劉福頌

摘 要:目的 探討四氫葉酸還原酶C677T基因多態(tài)性與中年男性冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度。方法 選擇2015年1月~2016年10月經(jīng)冠脈造影確診的128例山東沿海地區(qū)漢族中年男性冠心病患者(冠脈狹窄>50%),其中急性心肌梗死36例,按照國際心臟病學(xué)會和WHO冠心病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將128例冠心病患者分為急性冠脈綜合征(ACS)組67例和穩(wěn)定性心絞痛(SAP)組61例,并選110例冠脈正常者作為對照組。通過循環(huán)酶法測定血漿同型半胱氨酸濃度和PCR熒光法檢測MTHER C677T基因型,觀察血漿同型半胱氨酸濃度和MTHFRC677T基因型分布與冠脈病變的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 冠心病組血漿同型半胱氨酸水平明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),ACS組明顯高于SAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變組血漿同型半胱氨酸水平明顯高于單支病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),且高于雙支病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。另外,雙支病變組高于單支病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。冠心病組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);CT基因型高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。ACS組TT基因型高于SAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),T等位基因頻率明顯高于SAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率高于單支病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 MTHERC677T基因多態(tài)性及血漿同型半胱氨酸濃度參與山東沿海地區(qū)漢族中年男性冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化病變的發(fā)生發(fā)展,且與冠脈病變嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)。

關(guān)鍵詞:MTHFR;基因;同型半胱氨酸;冠心病;冠脈造影;中年男性

中圖分類號:R541.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.03.021

文章編號:1006-1959(2018)03-0067-04

Abstract:Objective To investigate the polymorphism of tetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T and the degree of coronary artery disease in middle-aged men.Methods From January 2015 to October 2016,128 middle-aged male CHD patients(coronary artery stenosis>50%)diagnosed by coronary angiography in Shandong coastal area were selected.Among them,36 cases were acute myocardial infarction.According to the International Society of Cardiology WHO diagnostic criteria for coronary heart disease in 128 patients with coronary heart disease were divided into acute coronary syndrome(ACS)group of 67 patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP)group of 61 cases,and selected 110 cases of normal coronary artery as a control group.The levels of homocysteine in plasma and the fluorescence intensity of PCR were detected by cyclic enzymatic method to detect the MTHF C677T genotype.The plasma concentrations of homocysteine and the distribution of MTHFRC677T genotypes were also determined.Results The plasma homocysteine level in CHD group was significantly higher than that in control group,The difference was statistically significant(P< 0.01).The level of plasma homocysteine in ACS group was significantly higher than that in SAP group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Plasma homocysteine level in the three coronary artery lesions group was significantly higher than that in the single vessel disease group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01),and higher than the double-vessel disease group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In addition,the double-vessel lesion group was higher than the single vessel lesion group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The frequencies of TT genotype and T allele in CHD group were significantly higher than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The genotype of CT was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The TT genotype in ACS group was higher than that in SAP group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),T allele frequency was significantly higher than SAP group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The TT genotype and T allele frequency in the three coronary artery lesions group were higher than those in the single vessel disease group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion MTHERC677T gene polymorphism and plasma homocysteine concentration are involved in the development of coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged Han men in Shandong coastal areas,and are related to the severity of coronary artery disease.

Key words:MTHFR;Gene;Homocysteine;Coronary heart disease;Coronary angiography;Middle-aged male

冠心?。╟oronary heart disease,CHD)日趨成為危害人類健康的主要疾病,尤其男性患者[1]發(fā)病年齡出現(xiàn)低齡化,致殘致死率明顯升高。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):血漿同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)[2]水平及參與其代謝的關(guān)鍵酶亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)C677T基因多態(tài)性[3]與冠心病的發(fā)病率及嚴(yán)重程度密切相關(guān)。本研究旨在通過測定山東沿海地區(qū)漢族中年男性患者四氫葉酸還原酶C677T基因多態(tài)性和血漿同型半胱氨酸水平,探討其與這類人群冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度的關(guān)系,為進(jìn)一步全面認(rèn)識冠心病的病因、發(fā)病機(jī)理、治療和預(yù)防提供重要依據(jù)。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料 選擇2015年1月~2016年10月行冠脈造影檢查的中年男性患者(<60歲)238例。其中冠脈造影完全正常者110例,年齡45~59歲,平均年齡(53.34±5.26)歲,冠心病患者(冠脈狹窄>50%)128例,年齡42~57歲,平均年齡(52.63±4.91)歲。按照國際心臟病學(xué)會和WHO冠心病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將冠心病組分為急性冠脈綜合征(ACS)組67例和穩(wěn)定性心絞痛(SAP)組61例,其中急性冠脈綜合征包括不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛(UAP)患者31例與急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者36例;根據(jù)冠狀動(dòng)脈病變血管數(shù)量分為以下三組:冠心病冠脈單支病變60例,雙支病變43例,三支病變25例。各組患者冠心病危險(xiǎn)因素發(fā)生率等均無顯著性差異,并排除合并嚴(yán)重肝、腎功能不全、重度心力衰竭、心肌炎、瓣膜病、嚴(yán)重感染、自身免疫性疾病或結(jié)締組織疾病、急性腦梗死、腫瘤性疾病及既往曾接受過PCI或CABG治療者。

1.2方法

1.2.1一般指標(biāo)的測定 入院患者空腹8 h,晨起后在安靜狀態(tài)下采取4 ml靜脈血,采用德國羅氏公司生產(chǎn)的COBOS 8000生化分析儀,試劑盒由寧波醫(yī)杰生物科技有限公司提供,采用循環(huán)酶法,具體操作步驟嚴(yán)格按照產(chǎn)品說明書進(jìn)行。正常參考值4.0~15.4 μmol/L。同時(shí)測定血清TC、LDL-C、FPG。

1.2.2冠狀動(dòng)脈造影方法 采用Jndkins法,常規(guī)進(jìn)行多體位投照,對冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度進(jìn)行評價(jià)。確定冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度、支數(shù)。冠狀動(dòng)脈直徑狹窄50%~70%判定為輕度狹窄,71%~89%為中度狹窄,≥90%為重度狹窄。按狹窄病變累及血管支數(shù)分為單支病變、雙支病變和三支病變。

1.2.3 MTHERC677T基因多態(tài)性 采集患者外周靜脈血5 ml,置于含有EDTA的抗凝管中。采用熒光PCR試劑盒(送由北京百世諾基因檢測有限公司檢測),分別針對MTHFRC677T基因位點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)立的特異性引物和探針,每一個(gè)反應(yīng)體系通過兩種不同熒光通道檢測一個(gè)位點(diǎn)的基因多態(tài)性。不同基因型模板在PCR反應(yīng)中釋放不同的熒光信號,利用儀器對信號強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行監(jiān)測和輸出,實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)果的定性分析,根據(jù)所檢測到的熒光信號可以判斷模板DNA的基因型。CC為野生型,CT為雜合突變型,TT為純合突變型。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 所有數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS 19.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,組間差異比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率或構(gòu)成比表示,組間差異比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1冠心病不同分型血漿同型半胱氨酸水平比較 冠心病組血漿同型半胱氨酸水平明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),ACS組血漿同型半胱氨酸水平明顯高于SAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見表1。

2.2冠心病不同病變支數(shù)血漿同型半胱氨酸比較 冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變組、雙支病變組及單支病變組血漿同型半胱氨酸水平明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);三支病變組明顯高于單支病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),高于雙支病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);雙支病變組高于單支病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。

2.3冠心病不同分型MTHFRC677T基因型及等位基因頻率比較 冠心病組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.01);兩組CT基因型差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。ACS組TT基因型高于SAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);T等位基因頻率明顯高于SAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);兩組CT基因型差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表3。

2.4冠心病不同病變支數(shù)MTHFRC677T基因型及等位基因頻率比較 冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率高于單支病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);與雙支病變組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05);雙支病變組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率與單支病變組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05),見表4。

3 討論

冠心病在世界范圍內(nèi)已成為危害人類健康的主要疾病,發(fā)病年齡日趨低齡化,急性心血管事件甚至猝死低齡化發(fā)生率日益增高。除了傳統(tǒng)的吸煙、高血壓、糖尿病、高血脂等危險(xiǎn)因素外,已有大量的臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn):血漿同型半胱氨酸水平以及影響其代謝的關(guān)鍵酶MTHFR基因多態(tài)性是冠心病新的危險(xiǎn)因素[4],降低血同型半胱氨酸濃度有可能有效預(yù)防冠心病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,其代謝酶基因多態(tài)性的研究可以從分子生物學(xué)角度進(jìn)一步了解中年男性冠心病的發(fā)病原因。

同型半胱氨酸是一種含硫氨基酸[5],在體內(nèi)有三種代謝途徑,正常情況下其生成和代謝保持平衡,但在遺傳性代謝障礙和后天營養(yǎng)攝入不足的影響下會使其在體內(nèi)聚集形成高Hcy血癥,高Hcy通過抑制NO的合成并促進(jìn)其降解、促進(jìn)炎癥和免疫反應(yīng)等,加重動(dòng)脈硬化的發(fā)生、發(fā)展[6-8]。近年來國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):血漿高同型半胱氨酸水平與年輕男性患者的動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、急性心肌梗死的發(fā)生及冠狀動(dòng)脈病變的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)[9-11]。本研究選取營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)相似的中年男性入組發(fā)現(xiàn):冠心病組血漿同型半胱氨酸水平明顯高于對照組,冠心病組中ACS組血漿同型半胱氨酸水平明顯高于SAP組。經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查后按病變累及的冠脈支數(shù)進(jìn)一步比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變組血漿同型半胱氨酸水平高于單支病變組和雙支病變組,雙支病變組高于單支病變組。與上述文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致,說明血漿同型半胱氨酸水平可能與早發(fā)冠心病及其嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān),但因樣本量小,需大樣本試驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。

隨著分子生物學(xué)的發(fā)展,人們開始從基因和蛋白質(zhì)水平探討冠心病的發(fā)病機(jī)制, MTHER是影響Hcy代謝的關(guān)鍵酶,其基因多態(tài)性近年來成為研究的熱點(diǎn)。MTHER催化N5,N10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原成N5-甲基四氫葉酸,后者提供甲基給Hcy再甲基化生成蛋氨酸,以維持Hcy的正常血漿水平。若MTHER基因677位點(diǎn)的堿基C被堿基T置換,其編碼的丙氨酸被纈氨酸取代,會使酶活性下降,導(dǎo)致血漿Hcy水平升高。已有學(xué)者研究發(fā)現(xiàn):MTHFRC677T基因多態(tài)性是早發(fā)冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素,可作為獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子[12-13]。本研究選取山東沿海地區(qū)<60歲的漢族中年男性為研究對象發(fā)現(xiàn):冠心病組TT基因型、CT基因型、T等位基因頻率均高于對照組,冠心病組中ACS組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率高于SAP組。冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率高于單支病變組,三支病變與雙支病變組、雙支病變組與單支病變組TT基因型、T等位基因頻率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義??梢钥闯龌蚍中蛯谛牟∨R床分型的預(yù)測較敏感,與冠脈受累支數(shù)的相關(guān)性不明顯,但目前涉及這方面的研究較少且存在爭議,還需大規(guī)模的臨床試驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。

綜上所述,MTHFR基因多態(tài)性及高Hcy與冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān),尤其可能是中年男性冠心病患者的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,對其早期進(jìn)行基因檢測,利于臨床醫(yī)生更好地臨床危險(xiǎn)分層、選擇合理的治療方案和進(jìn)行有效的預(yù)后評估,有望降低急性心血管事件的發(fā)生,降低死亡率。

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收稿日期:2017-10-9;修回日期:2017-11-14

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