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肝移植圍術(shù)期EPO應(yīng)用的效果及安全性研究

2018-04-20 11:03賈鵬飛袁莉趙利鵬臧運(yùn)金薛欣
醫(yī)學(xué)信息 2018年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:肝移植貧血

賈鵬飛 袁莉 趙利鵬 臧運(yùn)金 薛欣

摘 ? 要:目的 ?評(píng)價(jià)重組人促紅細(xì)胞生成素在肝移植圍術(shù)期中的效果及安全性。方法 ?回顧分析我院2015年9月~2016年12月原位肝移植89例患者的化驗(yàn)檢查、用藥情況及圍術(shù)期輸血情況,排除二次肝移植手術(shù)患者、死亡患者、術(shù)中輸血>50 U患者,根據(jù)圍術(shù)期是否應(yīng)用rHuEPO,分為EPO組和對(duì)照組。EPO組入院后根據(jù)圍術(shù)期貧血情況皮下注射 rHuEPO 10000 U/次,1 次/d或1次/2 d;對(duì)照組入院后未用rHuEPO。觀察兩組患者術(shù)后血紅蛋白、紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)以及輸血量的對(duì)比情況。結(jié)果 ?①EPO組患者經(jīng)治療后,術(shù)后3 d(T1)、術(shù)后7 d(T2)、術(shù)后15 d(T3)及術(shù)后1個(gè)月(T4)與術(shù)前基礎(chǔ)值(T0)比較,Hb變化不大,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對(duì)照組Hb T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);EPO組T0時(shí)點(diǎn)Hb明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),在T3、T4時(shí)點(diǎn)Hb高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。②EPO組患者經(jīng)治療后,T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較,RBC計(jì)數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對(duì)照組RBC T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);對(duì)照組T1、T2、T3、T4時(shí)點(diǎn)RBC低于EPO 組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。③EPO組患者經(jīng)治療后,網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(RET)T3、T4時(shí)點(diǎn)較對(duì)照組明顯上升,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01); EPO組T3、T4時(shí)點(diǎn)與T0比較,RET升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);對(duì)照組RET 在 T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);組間比較,EPO組T3、T4時(shí)點(diǎn)RET 明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 ?肝移植貧血患者在圍術(shù)期皮下注射rHuEPO,術(shù)后1個(gè)月患者的貧血改善好于對(duì)照組,提示rHuEPO對(duì)肝移植貧血的重癥患者安全、有效。

關(guān)鍵詞:重組人促紅細(xì)胞生成素;肝移植;貧血

中圖分類號(hào):R656;R619+.1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.05.024

文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2018)05-0074-04

Study on the Effect and Safety of EPO in Perioperative Period of Liver Transplantation

JIA Peng-fei1,YUAN Li1,ZHAO Li-peng1,ZANG Yun-jin2,XUE Xin1

(Department of Anesthesiology1,Department of Organ Transplantation2,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266003,Shandong,China)

Abstract:Objective ?To evaluate the effect and safety of recombinant human erythropoietin(RH)in the perioperative period of liver transplantation.Methods ?89 cases of orthotopic liver transplantation from September 2015 to December 2016 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,including laboratory examination,drug use and perioperative blood transfusion,excluding secondary liver transplantation patients,dead patients,and patients with intraoperative blood transfusion>50 U.According to whether or not to use rHuEPO during perioperative period,the EPO group and control group.Group EPO was subcutaneously injected with rHuEPO 10000 U/,1 times/d or 1/2 d,and the control group did not use rHuEPO after admission.The comparison of hemoglobin,red blood cell count, reticulocyte count and blood transfusion after operation was observed in the two groups.Results ?EPO group of patients after treatment, postoperative 3 d(T1),7 d after operation(T2),15 d after operation(T3)and 1 months after surgery(T4)with preoperative value(T0),Hb changed little,there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)the control group Hb;T1,T2,T3,T4 and T0 significantly decreased, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01);EPO group at T0 Hb was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01),in T3,T4 at Hb was higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05).②EPO group of patients after treatment,T1,T2,T3,T4 and T0,there was no significant difference between RBC count(P>0.05);the control group RBC T1,T2,T3,T4 and T0 decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);control group T1,T2,T3,T4 at RBC lower than the EPO group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).③After treatment,the time of reticulocyte count (RET)T3 and T4 in group EPO was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01).Compared with T0 in EPO group,there was a statistically significant increase in RET and RET(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in RET,T1,T2,T3 and T4 between the control group and T0 group(P>0.05).In group comparison,the time point of T3 and T4 in group EPO was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion ?The hypodermic injection of rHuEPO in perioperative period is better than that in the control group at 1 month after operation.It indicates that rHuEPO is safe and effective for severe patients with anemia after liver transplantation.

Key words:Recombinant human erythropoietin;Liver transplantation;Anemia

同種異體原位肝移植術(shù)(orthotopic liver transplantation,OLT)后患者圍術(shù)期存在顯性或隱性出血,貧血的患者很多。同時(shí)由于全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征等因素,激活了免疫系統(tǒng),增加了細(xì)胞因子,致使機(jī)體對(duì)貧血不能產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的反應(yīng),減少了內(nèi)源性促紅細(xì)胞生成素(EPO)分泌[1]。重癥患者應(yīng)用EPO后網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞數(shù)量可增加[2]。肝移植患者圍術(shù)期出現(xiàn)貧血預(yù)示著病情比較危重,在我院若肝移植患者圍術(shù)期血紅蛋白(Hb)<70 g/L,在輸血的同時(shí)會(huì)給予重組人紅細(xì)胞生成素(rHuEPO)治療,然而對(duì)于EPO在此類患者的有效性和安全性沒(méi)有相關(guān)研究。因此,本研究通過(guò)回顧分析我院肝移植患者的臨床資料,對(duì)EPO在肝移植圍術(shù)期貧血患者的應(yīng)用效果和安全性進(jìn)行研究,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料 ?收集2015年9月~2016年12月在我院同種異體原位肝移植89例患者的臨床資料,包括化驗(yàn)檢查、重組人紅細(xì)胞生成素(rHuEPO)用藥情況及圍術(shù)期輸血情況。本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):不同意本次研究者、二次肝移植患者、死亡患者、術(shù)中輸血>50 U者。根據(jù)圍術(shù)期是否應(yīng)用rHuEPO 分為EPO組和對(duì)照組。

1.2方法 ?在對(duì)血紅蛋白(Hb)<70 g/L的患者常規(guī)輸血治療上,加用rHuEPO(商品名:益比奧,沈陽(yáng)三生制藥有限公司,規(guī)格:10000U/瓶,批號(hào)20150132),10000 U皮下注射,1 次/d(qd)或1次/2 d(qod);收集患者的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查資料,包括血紅蛋白(Hb)、紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(RBC)、網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(RET)等。收集rHuEPO用藥時(shí)間及劑量、圍術(shù)期輸注少白細(xì)胞紅細(xì)胞懸液量等數(shù)據(jù)。記錄應(yīng)用rHuEPO治療后的藥物不良反應(yīng),包括發(fā)熱、頭痛、眩暈、惡心、皮疹及血栓形成情況。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 ?采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1一般資料 ?89例患者中排除二次肝移植、死亡患者、術(shù)中輸血>50 U患者共5例,實(shí)際84例進(jìn)入統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。兩組患者一般狀況比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。EPO組(42例)均未發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)熱、頭痛、眩暈、嘔吐、惡心、皮疹、血栓形成等藥物不良反應(yīng)。EPO組(42例)術(shù)前Hb<90 g/L者16例,占38.00%;對(duì)照組(42例)Hb<90 g/L者8例,占19.00%。

2.2兩組患者Hb、RBC、RET比較 ?兩組患者術(shù)前基礎(chǔ)值(T0)、術(shù)后3 d(T1)、術(shù)后7 d(T2)、術(shù)后15 d(T3)及術(shù)后1月(T4)Hb、RBC及RET結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2、圖1。由圖表可知:①EPO組患者經(jīng)治療后,雖然T4時(shí)點(diǎn)Hb升高,但T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較,Hb變化差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對(duì)照組Hb T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);組間比較,EPO組T0時(shí)點(diǎn)Hb明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),在T3、T4時(shí)點(diǎn)Hb明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。②EPO組患者經(jīng)治療后,T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較,RBC計(jì)數(shù)變化差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。對(duì)照組RBC T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);組間比較,對(duì)照組T1、T2、T3、T4時(shí)點(diǎn)RBC低于EPO組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。③EPO組患者經(jīng)治療后,網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)T3、T4,較對(duì)照組明顯上升,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);T3、T4時(shí)點(diǎn)與T0比較,RET升高有顯著性差異(P<0.01)。對(duì)照組RET在T1、T2、T3、T4與T0比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。組間比較,EPO組T3、T4與T0時(shí)點(diǎn)RET明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。

3 討論

同種異體肝移植手術(shù)患者均為終末期肝病患者,部分患者并發(fā)上消化道出血或脾功能亢進(jìn)可以引起不同程度的貧血,凝血功能相對(duì)較差,手術(shù)創(chuàng)面大,止血困難,術(shù)后引流較多。輸血與院內(nèi)感染密切相關(guān),入住ICU時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間顯著延長(zhǎng),輸血患者死亡率升高,尤其是危重患者[3]。雖然輸血指南提示大多數(shù)患者血紅蛋白(Hb)>70 g/L者暫時(shí)不用輸血,但是如果肝移植患者術(shù)后面臨較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的貧血狀況,必將影響患者康復(fù)。

EPO及其受體主要在骨髓的造血干細(xì)胞中存儲(chǔ),當(dāng)體內(nèi)造血原料充足,而血漿中EPO量大時(shí),紅細(xì)胞的生成可比平時(shí)提高10倍[4]。rHuEPO是利用基因工程技術(shù)合成的一種外源性EPO。國(guó)外多個(gè)臨床報(bào)道,因?yàn)樽诮淘?,部分肝移植手術(shù)患者,即使失血造成嚴(yán)重貧血危及生命也拒絕輸血,他們只能通過(guò)補(bǔ)充大量的rHuEPO,一段時(shí)間后患者最終存活,證明了rHuEPO的有效性[5-8]。近年來(lái)rHuEPO在外科圍手術(shù)期患者中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛[9-11],rHuEPO是擇期手術(shù)前動(dòng)員紅細(xì)胞的安全輔助藥物,尤其是預(yù)計(jì)手術(shù)中有輸血傾向的患者應(yīng)用rHuEPO,是避免異體輸血或減少異體輸血的有效方法。我們?cè)诩怪饪芠12],婦科貧血手術(shù),術(shù)前rHuEPO配合應(yīng)用鐵劑[13],與rHuEPO發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,促進(jìn)紅細(xì)胞的充分動(dòng)員,為術(shù)中及術(shù)后提供大量成熟的紅細(xì)胞,取得滿意結(jié)果。

本研究中,兩組患者年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、Child-Pugh評(píng)分、術(shù)中失血量、術(shù)中紅細(xì)胞輸入量、血漿輸入量及手術(shù)時(shí)間比較無(wú)顯著性差異,但是EPO組術(shù)前Hb<90 g/L者比例(38.00%)明顯高于對(duì)照組(19.00%),且EPO組術(shù)前Hb(102±15.1)g/L明顯低于對(duì)照組(112±14.3)g/L,組間比較,P<0.01,提示EPO組患者貧血更嚴(yán)重。42例EPO組患者每日或隔日皮下注射rHuEPO 10000 U,促使動(dòng)員手術(shù)患者的紅細(xì)胞造血系統(tǒng),提升同種異體肝移植患者自身的造血功能,增加紅細(xì)胞儲(chǔ)備,術(shù)中并未增加異體血的輸注,證明有治療效果。結(jié)果還顯示其在術(shù)后1個(gè)月,EPO組的Hb(107±12.5)g/L與對(duì)照組(93±11.4)g/L相比明顯升高,組間比較,P<0.01,也證明了rHuEPO有效。

另外,EPO具有一定的器官保護(hù)功能[14-15],對(duì)機(jī)體供氧狀況發(fā)揮重要的調(diào)控作用,EPO有益于肝次全切除術(shù)大鼠肝的肝臟保護(hù)和再生及缺血再灌注損傷[16],具有抗氧化、抗凋亡、促進(jìn)血管生長(zhǎng)等作用[17],是一種全身性的保護(hù)性細(xì)胞因子[2,18]。本研究中圍術(shù)期未發(fā)現(xiàn)有高血壓、纖維素蛋白溶解、頭痛以及血栓形成等副作用出現(xiàn)。

綜上所述,同種異體肝移植貧血患者圍術(shù)期使用rHuEPO促進(jìn)紅細(xì)胞動(dòng)員,與對(duì)照組比較術(shù)中輸血不增加,且有助于術(shù)后1個(gè)月貧血的明顯改善,提示rHuEPO對(duì)肝移植貧血的重癥患者安全、有效。

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