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經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)突減壓融合聯(lián)合Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)治療腰椎退行性病變患者的效果

2018-05-23 11:14杜鑫沖王軍李化光
中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào) 2018年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:退行性活動(dòng)度節(jié)段

杜鑫沖 王軍 李化光

[摘要] 目的 探究并分析經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)突減壓融合聯(lián)合Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)治療腰椎退行性病變患者的效果。 方法 選取2014年8月~2015年8月河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院收治的腰椎退行性病變患者100例作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為對(duì)照組及觀察組,每組各50例。對(duì)照組采用經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)突減壓融合治療,觀察組采用經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)突減壓融合聯(lián)合Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)治療,比較兩組患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后1、12個(gè)月和24個(gè)月腰椎整體活動(dòng)度、手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度、鄰近上一椎間活動(dòng)度、鄰近上一椎間高度和腰椎功能評(píng)分(ODI)。 結(jié)果 術(shù)前兩組整體腰椎活動(dòng)度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);術(shù)后1、12個(gè)月和24個(gè)月兩組腰椎活動(dòng)度均明顯低于術(shù)前;術(shù)后隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組腰椎整體活動(dòng)度均明顯增加,但觀察組腰椎整體活動(dòng)度增加幅度明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。術(shù)前兩組手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),術(shù)后1、12個(gè)月和24個(gè)月兩組手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度均明顯低于術(shù)前;術(shù)后隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度增加幅度均明顯高于術(shù)前,且觀察組增加幅度均明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。術(shù)前兩組患者上一椎間活動(dòng)度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);術(shù)后兩組上一椎間活動(dòng)度均高于術(shù)前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);術(shù)后隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組患者上一椎間活動(dòng)度均明顯增加,且對(duì)照組增加幅度明顯高于觀察組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。術(shù)前、術(shù)后1、12個(gè)月和24個(gè)月兩組上一椎間高度比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。術(shù)前兩組ODI評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),隨著術(shù)后時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組患者ODI評(píng)分均明顯低于術(shù)前,且術(shù)后1個(gè)月和術(shù)后12個(gè)月觀察組明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。結(jié)論 經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)突減壓聯(lián)合Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)能有效增加腰椎退行性病變患者的腰椎活動(dòng)度,減輕術(shù)后疼痛程度,改善治療效果,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 腰椎退行性變;疼痛;腰椎活動(dòng)度;Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)

[中圖分類號(hào)] R683.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)03(c)-0053-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore and analyze the effect of transarticular decompression fusion combined with Dynesys dynamic stabilization system in the treatment of patients with lumbar degenerative disease. Methods From August 2014 to August 2015, 100 patients with lumbar degenerative disease admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University were selected as the research subjects and divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table, with 50 cases in each group. The control group treated with transarticular decompression treatment, while the observation group treated with transarticular decompression fusion combined with Dynesys dynamic stabilization system. The overall lumbar activity, lumbar segment activity, adjacent intervertebral activities, adjacent intervertebral height and lumbar function score (ODI) were compared preoperative, posteoperative of 1, 12 month and 24 month between the two groups. Results Before operation, there was no statistically signicant difference in the overall lumbar activity between the two groups (P > 0.05); after operation of 1, 12 month and 24 month, the overall lumbar activity in the two groups were all lower than those of before operation; and with the extension of time, the overall lumbar activity in the two groups were all increased, and the indicator in the observation group increased much more significantly than that of control group, with statistically signicant difference (P > 0.05). Before operation, there was no statistically signicant difference in the lumber segment activity between the two groups (P > 0.05); after operation of 1, 12 month and 24 month, the lumber segment activity in the two groups were all lower than those of before operation; and with the extension of time, the lumber segment activity in the two groups were all increased, and the indicator in the control group increased much more significantly than that of observation group, with statistically signicant difference (P < 0.05). Before operation, there was no statistically signicant difference in the adjacent intervertebral activities between the two groups (P > 0.05); after operation of 1, 12 month and 24 month, the adjacent intervertebral activities in the two groups were all higher than those of before operation; and with the extension of time, the adjacent intervertebral activities in the two groups were all increased, and the indicator in the observation group increased much more significantly than that of control group, with statistically signicant difference (P > 0.05). There was no statistically signicant difference in the adjacent intervertebral height between the two groups before and after operation of 1, 12 month and 24 month (P > 0.05). Before operation, there was no statistically signicant difference in the score of ODI between the two groups (P > 0.05), after operation of 1, 12 month and 24 month, the scores of ODI were all lower than those of before operation; and the scores of 1 month and 12 month in the observation group decreased much more significantly than that of control group, with statistically signicant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion Transarticular decompression fusion combined with Dynesys dynamic stabilization system can effectively increase the lumbar range of motion in patients with lumbar degenerative disease, relieve the postoperative pain and improve the clinical efficacy of patients. It is worthy of clicical promotion and application.

[Key words] Lumbar degenerative changes; Pain; lumbar motion degree; Dynesys dynamic stabilization system

腰椎退行性病變是指腰椎自然老化、退化的生理病理過程[1-3]。手術(shù)治療是腰椎退行性變的主要治療方法,其中關(guān)節(jié)突減壓融合是最常見的手術(shù)方式[4-5],其不僅能有效改善患者的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀,而且能增加病變椎體的穩(wěn)定性,減緩病情惡化。近年來,Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)的逐漸成熟使得越來越多的患者避免了椎體融合帶來的負(fù)擔(dān)[6-8]。此外,微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步使得發(fā)揮Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)的同時(shí),又能減少手術(shù)對(duì)周圍組織的損傷,加快患者康復(fù)[5-6]。為此,本研究采用經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)突減壓聯(lián)合Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)治療腰椎退行性變,取得了較好的效果,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下:

1資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取2014年8月~2015年8月河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)收治的確診為腰椎退行性病變并進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療的患者100例作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為對(duì)照組及觀察組,每組各50例。其中對(duì)照組男21例,女29例;年齡46~74歲,平均(62.6±8.3)歲;體重39~86 kg,平均(63.6±9.3)kg;觀察組男23例,女27例;年齡44~75歲,平均(62.8±8.7)歲;體重41~85 kg,平均(62.9±9.6)kg。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡30~80歲;腰椎退行性變者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并脊髓損傷者;合并其他系統(tǒng)慢性疼痛者;合并脊柱骨折、脊柱結(jié)核等其他脊柱疾病者。兩組患者的性別、年齡、體重等一般情況比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)我院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者及家屬對(duì)本研究知情并簽署知情同意書。

1.2 方法

所有患者均采用全身麻醉,待麻醉誘導(dǎo)插管及生命體征平穩(wěn)后,將患者體位調(diào)整為俯臥位,注意組織菲薄區(qū)域的保護(hù),如眼睛、會(huì)陰部及關(guān)節(jié)等。觀察組在C臂機(jī)(HF3500)透視下確認(rèn)病變部位,并用記號(hào)筆標(biāo)記椎間隙及椎體椎弓根部位。根據(jù)手術(shù)部位進(jìn)行消毒鋪巾,并充分暴露術(shù)野,根據(jù)病變椎間隙位置,在體表沿著椎間隙進(jìn)行連線,沿此連線做3 cm長(zhǎng)的縱行切口,鈍性分離后暴露椎板間隙,并放置擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)管。術(shù)者確認(rèn)導(dǎo)管位置后,放置Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)(美國強(qiáng)生公司,H2012932),應(yīng)用自由臂固定通道,連接冷光源。以關(guān)節(jié)突的外緣與橫突中線連線的交點(diǎn)作為椎弓根螺釘?shù)倪M(jìn)針點(diǎn),可稍向外移置入Dynesys椎弓根螺釘,螺釘?shù)轿缓蠼?jīng)X線透視確認(rèn)位置。根據(jù)患者癥狀體征及影像學(xué)資料對(duì)責(zé)任節(jié)段進(jìn)行開窗潛行擴(kuò)大減壓或髓核摘除。根據(jù)Dynesys手術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)行PET連接器和PCU間隔器安裝。沖洗創(chuàng)口,雙側(cè)放置引流管,逐層縫合。對(duì)照組患者采用傳統(tǒng)TLIF手術(shù)后正中入路,對(duì)每個(gè)責(zé)任節(jié)段進(jìn)行減壓及椎間植骨融合。所有患者在術(shù)前及術(shù)后1、12個(gè)月和24個(gè)月行腰椎正側(cè)位、過伸過屈位X線檢查。每張X線片由3名影像科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行讀片,測(cè)量值取平均數(shù)。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

觀察并記錄兩組患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后1、12個(gè)月和24個(gè)月腰椎整體活動(dòng)度、手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度、鄰近上一椎間活動(dòng)度、鄰近上一椎間高度和腰椎功能評(píng)分(oswestry disability index,ODI)[9]。ODI評(píng)分內(nèi)容包括疼痛的強(qiáng)度、生活自理、提物、步行、坐位、站立、干擾睡眠、性生活、社會(huì)生活和旅游等10個(gè)方面,每個(gè)問題最高得分均為5分,依次選擇最后一個(gè)選項(xiàng)得分為5分;如果有10個(gè)問題均做了問答,記分方法為:實(shí)際得分/50(最高可能得分)×100%;如果有一個(gè)問題未回答正確,則記分方法為:實(shí)際得分/45(最高可能得分)×100%。得分越高,表示功能障礙越嚴(yán)重。上一椎間高度、腰椎整體活動(dòng)度和手術(shù)節(jié)段椎間活動(dòng)度測(cè)量方法見參考文獻(xiàn)[9]。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

采用SPSS 17.0對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組組間比較采用單因素方差分析,兩組組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后腰椎整體活動(dòng)度比較

兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后腰椎整體活動(dòng)度組間、多時(shí)間點(diǎn)、組間·多時(shí)間比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F = 11.65,P = 0.000;F = 7.34,P = 0.012;F = 10.76,P = 0.005)。術(shù)后1、12個(gè)月及24個(gè)月兩組患者腰椎活動(dòng)度均低于術(shù)前,但隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組患者腰椎整體活動(dòng)度均明顯增加,觀察組增加幅度明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。

2.2 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度比較

兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度組間、多時(shí)間點(diǎn)、組間·多時(shí)間比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F = 12.43,P = 0.000;F = 8.23,P = 0.020;F = 9.12,P = 0.003)。術(shù)后兩組患者手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度均明顯低于術(shù)前,但隨著術(shù)后時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度均逐漸增加,且觀察組增加幅度明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。

2.3 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后上一椎間活動(dòng)度比較

經(jīng)重復(fù)方差分析,兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后上一椎間活動(dòng)度組間、多時(shí)間點(diǎn)、組間·多時(shí)間比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F = 11.26,P = 0.000;F = 5.17,P = 0.016; F = 8.21,P = 0.002)。術(shù)后隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組患者上一椎間活動(dòng)度均明顯升高且均高于術(shù)前,但對(duì)照組升高程度均明顯高于觀察組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表3。

2.4 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后上一椎間高度比較

經(jīng)重復(fù)方差分析,兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后上一椎間高度組間、多時(shí)間點(diǎn)、組間·多時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F = 3.04,P = 0.326;F = 2.16,P = 0.524;F = 2.85,P = 0.753)。見表4。

2.5 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后ODI評(píng)分比較

經(jīng)重復(fù)方差分析,兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后ODI評(píng)分組間、多時(shí)間點(diǎn)、組間·多時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F = 5.16,P = 0.032;F = 6.26,P = 0.016;F = 5.64, P = 0.021)。術(shù)前兩組患者ODI評(píng)分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。術(shù)后隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組患者ODI評(píng)分均明顯低于術(shù)前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);但術(shù)后1個(gè)月及術(shù)后12個(gè)月觀察組明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表5。

3 討論

腰椎融合術(shù)是腰椎多節(jié)退行性疾病常用的治療方法,術(shù)后患者植骨融合率較高,能有效改善患者的臨床癥狀,同時(shí)3年內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)率較低[10-13]。Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)是近年來新興的固定系統(tǒng),主要應(yīng)用于脊柱手術(shù)椎體的固定。與椎體融合手術(shù)不同,Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)能有效穩(wěn)定病變關(guān)節(jié),但其仍保留一定的活動(dòng)度。同時(shí),Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)還具有降低椎間盤內(nèi)壓、減輕鄰近關(guān)節(jié)負(fù)荷的作用,可有效減少臨近椎體病變的產(chǎn)生[14]。

本研究中,兩組患者術(shù)后腰椎活動(dòng)度明顯下降,但隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組患者腰椎整體活動(dòng)度明顯增加,且觀察組明顯高于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05);術(shù)后兩組患者手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度均明顯下降,但隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),觀察組患者手術(shù)節(jié)段活動(dòng)度明顯增加,且明顯高于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。此結(jié)果提示,Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)聯(lián)合關(guān)節(jié)融合相比于單純經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)突減壓融合,更能有效改善患者的腰椎活動(dòng)度。謝雁春等[15-16]研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)能有效穩(wěn)定病變椎體。兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后上一椎間活動(dòng)度組間、多時(shí)間點(diǎn)、組間·多時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),兩組患者上一椎間活動(dòng)度明顯升高(P < 0.05),但對(duì)照組患者升高程度明顯高于觀察組(P < 0.05)。此結(jié)果提示,Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)能有效改善上一椎間活動(dòng)度。凌超等[17-18]也在研究中得出相似的結(jié)論。隨著手術(shù)的進(jìn)行,兩組患者ODI評(píng)分明顯降低(P < 0.05),但術(shù)后1個(gè)月及術(shù)后12個(gè)月觀察組患者降低程度明顯低于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。此結(jié)果提示,Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)能有效改善患者ODI評(píng)分,Lin等[19-20]在研究中也發(fā)現(xiàn),Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)有助于改善腰椎患者術(shù)后活動(dòng)能力,改善患者生活質(zhì)量,可能與Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)固定系統(tǒng)增加患者活動(dòng)度有關(guān)。

綜上所述,經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)突減壓聯(lián)合Dynesys動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)能有效增加腰椎退行性病變患者腰椎活動(dòng)度,減輕患者術(shù)后疼痛,提高治療效果。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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(收稿日期:2017-11-10 本文編輯:王 娟)

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