見證之地

侵華日軍第731部隊(duì)始建于1933年，他們犯下了細(xì)菌戰(zhàn)、人體實(shí)驗(yàn)等戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪行。1945年8月，日本投降前夕，731部隊(duì)敗逃之際炸毀了大部分建筑，形成了現(xiàn)在遺址的整體格局。設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)包含遺址場(chǎng)地設(shè)計(jì)和罪證陳列館設(shè)計(jì)兩大部分。

由于城市的快速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在遺址周圍已經(jīng)是哈爾濱平房中心區(qū)域，如何界定陳列館范圍與城市的關(guān)系就成為我們要解決的主要問題。首先，我們用綠地公園將遺址與周邊的城市分離，縮小周圍的空間形態(tài)與其形成的巨大反差，以期形成良好的過渡環(huán)境。其次，在場(chǎng)地內(nèi)以保護(hù)原有遺跡為原則，設(shè)計(jì)專用導(dǎo)游線路，同時(shí)恢復(fù)731部隊(duì)時(shí)期原有路網(wǎng)及周邊的圍墻作為場(chǎng)地設(shè)計(jì)的記憶框架，有選擇性地還原已有的歷史場(chǎng)景。

罪證陳列館選址于現(xiàn)存日軍本部大樓遺址東南，鐵路專用線以東。為了降低其高度及減少體量感，我們把建筑體塊斜插入基地之中。下沉的入口場(chǎng)地過濾了城市街道的影響，讓廣場(chǎng)成為一個(gè)可供集會(huì)的紀(jì)念性場(chǎng)地。

建筑以消隱、低調(diào)而有力的方式介入到場(chǎng)地之中，最終與場(chǎng)所及周邊城市形成一個(gè)新的整體氛圍，試圖用一種平靜的態(tài)度表達(dá)對(duì)這段反人類歷史的反思。□

The witness of land.

Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army that invaded China was established in 1933, and committed crimes such as chemical and biological warfare and human experimentation. In August of 1945, on the eve of Japanese's surrender, the 731 Unit bombed and destroyed a large portion of buildings before fleeing, forming the overall configuration of the current ruins. The site design of the ruins and the design of the Unit 731 Museum are the two main design tasks.

Due to rapid urbanisation, the surrounding area around the ruins have became a central region for houses, hence, de fi ning the relationship between Museum and the city is the major issue we need to solve. Firstly, we formed a better transition of the environment by separating the ruins and surrounding city context with the use of greenbelt park, reducing the contrast between the Museum and surrounding spatial conditions. Secondly, we design guided route for the visitors to explore the ruin. Our principle is to preserve the ruin as is while restoring particular sections to recreate the historical scenes of the period.

The Exhibition Hall is located at the south east of the Japanese Imperial Army Headquarter. In order to reduce its height and the sense of existence, we sink the main building into the ground with submerged entrance to fi lter out the city. With this move, the square becomes a memorial site for the public to assemble.

The building intervenes with the site quietly yet powerfully, creating a new atmosphere with the city.It is expressing the history of humanity with a quiet attitude.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

業(yè)主/Client: 侵華日軍第731部隊(duì)罪證陳列館/The Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 何鏡堂，倪陽(yáng)，何熾立，何小欣，劉濤，羅夢(mèng)豪，駱婉君，盧志偉，蘇皓，晏忠，伍朝暉，王明潔，朱元正，陳夢(mèng)君/HE Jingtang, Ni Yang,HE Chili, HE Xiaoxin, LIU Tao, LUO Menghao, LUO Wanjun,LU Zhiwei, SU Hao, YAN Zhong, WU Zhaohui, WANG Mingjie, ZHU Yuanzheng, CHEN Mengjun

建筑面積/Building Area: 9997m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design: 2014.03 -2015.03

攝影/Photos: 姚力/YAO li

2 “黑匣”鳥瞰/Aerial view of the "black box"

3 懸挑的入口空間往回看/View back from overhanging entrance

4 懸挑的入口空間/View of overhanging entrance

5 冥思中庭/Meditation atrium

6 冥思中庭的天花/Meditation atrium ceiling

7 地下一層平面/Floor B1 plan

8 首層平面/Ground fl oor plan

9 二層平面/1st floor plan

10 南北向剖面/North-south section

11 東西向剖面/East-west section