王江寧 嚴(yán)懷成 李郅辰 詹習(xí)生
摘要 本文主要研究在隨機(jī)出現(xiàn)的雙通道DoS攻擊下的網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)基于事件觸發(fā)的安全控制問題.首先,提出了一個(gè)具有補(bǔ)償策略的DoS攻擊模型,且此攻擊模型應(yīng)用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的傳感器-控制器通道和控制器-執(zhí)行器通道;其次,為了降低通信負(fù)擔(dān),提出事件觸發(fā)機(jī)制,通過定義一個(gè)觸發(fā)條件,當(dāng)觸發(fā)條件滿足時(shí),才進(jìn)行信息傳遞;最終得到閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)模型.根據(jù)最優(yōu)控制理論和線性矩陣不等式技術(shù),得到閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)以一定概率輸入到狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定的充分條件,進(jìn)一步通過一系列矩陣變換處理技巧,通過解線性矩陣不等式方程組得到控制器參數(shù).最后,通過計(jì)算機(jī)仿真驗(yàn)證了該控制器設(shè)計(jì)的有效性. 關(guān)鍵詞
網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng);安全控制;事件觸發(fā)機(jī)制;DoS攻擊
中圖分類號(hào)? TP273
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼? A
0 引言
過去的10多年間,網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)(NCS)在交通管理系統(tǒng)、遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療檢測、取暖控制系統(tǒng)等許多領(lǐng)域有了廣泛應(yīng)用,這使其受到越來越多的重視.因傳感器、控制器和執(zhí)行器間的開放式網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接,網(wǎng)絡(luò)間傳輸?shù)男畔⒑苋菀妆还?,這使得信息的完整性、真實(shí)性和可控性受到嚴(yán)重的威脅.近年來,網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題在業(yè)界受到越來越多的關(guān)注,同時(shí)取得了一系列有意義的研究成果[1-8] .
目前研究的主要攻擊形式為拒絕服務(wù)(DoS)攻擊和欺騙攻擊.DoS攻擊通過持續(xù)發(fā)送過剩的數(shù)據(jù)來占用有限的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源達(dá)到攻擊的目的.一種典型的DoS攻擊方式是阻斷信息的傳輸,使得接收者接收不到傳送者發(fā)送的信息.欺騙攻擊通過破壞數(shù)據(jù)的完整性來達(dá)到攻擊的目的.重放攻擊是一種特殊的欺騙攻擊,攻擊者對(duì)系統(tǒng)未知但卻能訪問、記錄、重放傳感器的數(shù)據(jù);另一種欺騙攻擊形式是錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)注入攻擊,相比重放攻擊,攻擊者有完整的系統(tǒng)信息.
從防御者的角度,由于攻擊的隨機(jī)性,攻擊成功的概率大多依賴于保護(hù)設(shè)備或軟件的檢測能力以及通信協(xié)議和網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行條件(如網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載、網(wǎng)絡(luò)干擾、網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸速率等).基于此,DoS攻擊或欺騙攻擊下網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)的安全性和穩(wěn)定性的研究取得了一定的進(jìn)展[9-11] .從攻擊者的角度來看,攻擊者希望自己有無窮的能量,且在攻擊的過程中不被發(fā)現(xiàn),但事實(shí)是攻擊者的能量是有限的,并在發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊時(shí)消耗得很快.基于此,網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)中的DoS攻擊或欺騙攻擊研究取得了一定的成果[12-13] .
為節(jié)省網(wǎng)絡(luò)能源,傳統(tǒng)的時(shí)間觸發(fā)策略已經(jīng)成為次優(yōu)的選擇.在這種情況下,傳輸測量或控制信息的過程中尋求有效利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的新的控制策略具有一定的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義.為達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的目的,最近幾年,基于事件觸發(fā)的控制問題在控制領(lǐng)域得到了更多的重視,并在基于事件觸發(fā)反饋控制的系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性上取得了不少成果[14-18] .基于事件觸發(fā)的控制策略主要特征是只有當(dāng)系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)函數(shù)或測量數(shù)據(jù)超過一定閾值時(shí)控制信息才被傳輸更新,與傳統(tǒng)的時(shí)間觸發(fā)相比,事件觸發(fā)策略可以有效地降低通信負(fù)擔(dān),提高資源有效利用率.
本文針對(duì)雙通道DoS攻擊下的網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性問題進(jìn)行了研究,通過利用隨機(jī)分析技術(shù)得到所需系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的充分條件,解線性矩陣不等式方程組得到控制器的增益矩陣,完成控制器的設(shè)計(jì).最后通過仿真研究,驗(yàn)證了所設(shè)計(jì)的控制方法的有效性.
1 符號(hào)說明
本文中使用的符號(hào)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的, R? n和 R n×m 分別表示n維歐式空間和一組n×m的實(shí)矩陣. I 是有適當(dāng)維數(shù)的單位矩陣.當(dāng) X 和 Y 是對(duì)稱矩陣時(shí), X ≥ Y (或 X > ?Y ),表示 X - Y 是正半定(或正定)矩陣. A? ?T 表示 A 的轉(zhuǎn)置.λ ?max ?( A )和λ ?min ?( A )分別表示 A 的最大和最小特征值.對(duì)矩陣 A ∈ R m×n 和 B ∈ R p×q ,它們的克羅內(nèi)克積定義為 AB ∈ R mp×nq . ?E {x}表示隨機(jī)變量x的期望.‖ x ‖表示矢量 x 的歐幾里得范數(shù). diag {…}表示分塊對(duì)角矩陣.γ-1 表示單調(diào)函數(shù)γ的逆函數(shù).符號(hào)*用來表示對(duì)稱矩陣中省略的部分.
2 問題描述
5 結(jié)束語
本文研究了基于事件觸發(fā)機(jī)制的網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)在雙通道DoS攻擊下的穩(wěn)定性問題.假設(shè)通道間DoS攻擊是隨機(jī)且獨(dú)立的,給出了閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)空間模型,應(yīng)用李雅普諾夫穩(wěn)定性理論得到了一定概率輸入到狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定的充分條件.同時(shí),設(shè)計(jì)了狀態(tài)反饋控制器.最后應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)仿真驗(yàn)證了所設(shè)計(jì)的控制器的可行性.
參考文獻(xiàn)
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Event-based security control for networked
control systems with DoS attacks
WANG Jiangning 1 YAN Huaicheng1,2 ?LI Zhichen 1 ZHAN Xisheng 2
1 School of Information Science and Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237
2 College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering,Hubei Normal University,Huangshi 435002
Abstract?? An event-based security control for networked control systems(NCSs) under two-channel denial of service(DoS) attacks is presented in this paper.First,a model is proposed to describe the DoS attacks with a compensation strategy and applied to the sensor-controller channel and controller-actuator channel of the NCSs.Second,an event-triggered mechanism is proposed to induce the burden of information transmission.By definition,information can transfer only when the trigger condition is met.According to the optimal control theory and linear matrix inequality,sufficient conditions of the closed-loop system with a certain probability of the input-to-state security are derived,and the controller is designed.Finally,the effectiveness of the controller is verified through computer simulation.
Key words? networked control systems(NCSs);security control;event-triggered mechanism;DoS attacks
南京信息工程大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)2018年6期