★代詞it， one， that的用法區(qū)別

1. 它們均作代詞指代前文提到的名詞。但it所指的是同名同物，one和that所指是同名異物。

◇例如：

I like the bike， but I have no enough money to buy it. （我喜歡這輛自行車(chē)，但我沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)買(mǎi)它。）

I like bicycles， but I cant afford to buy one. （我喜歡自行車(chē)，但我買(mǎi)不起一輛）

The bike which I want to buy is more beautiful than that he has. （我想買(mǎi)的那輛自行車(chē)比他的那輛更好看。）

2. it可以替名詞性從句、動(dòng)名詞和不定式短語(yǔ)，作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，而one和that無(wú)此用法。

◇例如：

If you take a bus at the airport， it will take you half an hour to get there. （如果你乘汽車(chē)去機(jī)場(chǎng)，那要花半個(gè)小時(shí)。）

It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. （眾所周知月亮每月繞地球一周。）

3. one與that可用來(lái)指代同名異物時(shí)區(qū)別如下：

（1） one為泛指，相當(dāng)于a/an+名詞；that為特指，相當(dāng)于the+名詞。所以one所指代的名詞的修飾語(yǔ)一般為a/an/some/any；that所指代的名詞的修飾語(yǔ)往往是the/this/that。

◇例如：

A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （鐵制的椅子比木頭制的更結(jié)實(shí)。）[該句中one可以換成a chair。]

The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （杯子里的水比壺里的更熱。） [該句中that可以換成the water。]

（2） one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用ones；that既可以代替不可數(shù)名詞也可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用those。

◇例如：

I like this pen more than that one. （比起那支筆，我更喜歡這支。） [one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)pen。]

There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （屋子里有幾個(gè)年輕人和一些年長(zhǎng)者。） [ones代替名詞people。]

Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （馬莉的字寫(xiě)得比彼得好多了。） [that代替不可數(shù)名詞handwriting。]

These pictures are more beautiful than those. （這些圖片比那些漂亮多了。） [those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)pictures。]

（3） one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。

◇例如

The one/That on the table is mine. （桌上的那個(gè)是我的。） [該句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That。]

He is a teacher， the one who is loved by the students. （他是個(gè)老師，受學(xué)生們喜愛(ài)。） [該句中the one代替人，不能用that。]

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Do you see my dictionary， Dad？ I cant find _______.

—No， I dont.

A. it B. one

C. that D. the one

（ ）2. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _______ as you like.

A. either B. each

C. one D. it

（ ）3. The population of Henan Province is larger than _______ of any province in China.

A. one B. it

C. that D. the one

（ ）4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _______ difficult to tell one from the other.

A. it B. them

C. one D. that

（ ）5. _______ is our aim that every student will play in our operas.

A. One B. That

C. This D. It

（ ）6. I have bought a new watch because my old _______ doesnt work.

A. it B. one

C. that D. this

（ ）7. The weather in summer here is like _______ in Beijing.

A. this B. that

C. it D. its

（ ）8. The hat you bought is bigger than _______ I bought.

A. one B. that

C. it D. those

（ ）9. I found _______ possible to succeed if I tried my best.

A. it B. that

C. one D. the one

（ ）10. —Did you find your dictionary yesterday？

—No， I didnt find _______， so Ill buy _______.

A. it； one B. one； one

C. it； it D. one； it

（ ）11. We feel _______ our duty to make our country a better place.

A. it B. this

C. that D. one

（ ）12. Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _______ we like yet.

A. one B. ones

C. it D. them

（ ）13. —Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street？

—Victoria Street？ _______ is where the Grand Theatre is.

A. Such B. There C. That D. This

（ ）14. —Ive read another book this week.

—Well， maybe _______ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

A. this B. that C. there D. it

（ ）15. I cant find my ticket. I think I have lost _______. （2016天津）

A. it B. one C. this D. them

（ ）16. —The population of China is larger than _______ of India.

—Yes， but Indias population is increasing rapidly. （2016湖北鄂州）

A. it B. one C. that D. this

（ ）17. Everyone makes mistakes in life. The key is not to repeat _______ again. （2017湖北孝感）

A. it B. this C. that D. them

（ ）18. —I cant find the magazine I bought this morning.

—Well， Jack is reading _______ over there. Why not go and see if it is yours？ （2016江蘇無(wú)錫）

A. it B. that C. one D. some

（ ）19. I bought a smartphone （智能手機(jī)） yesterday， and it works well. Would you like to buy _______ like this？ （2015遼寧丹東）

A. it B. this

C. one D. that

（ ）20. —Dad， Ive just seen only one copy of FOOTBALL at that newsstand.

—Go and buy _______ back， Bob. （2011湖北武漢）

A. one B. other

C. it D. this

【Keys： 1～5 ACCAD 6～10 BBBAA

11～15 AACDA 16～20 CDCCC】

★連系動(dòng)詞

連系動(dòng)詞（即系動(dòng)詞）用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，特征或身份。表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、形容詞，或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣。常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞是be，它的變化形式為：am/is/are/was/were。除了be動(dòng)詞，其它的連系動(dòng)詞大致可分為三類(lèi)：

1. 感觀(guān)類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞

與感覺(jué)器官相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有：look （看起來(lái)）、feel （摸上去）、smell （聞起來(lái)）、taste （嘗起來(lái)）、sound （聽(tīng)起來(lái)）等。

◇例如：

The song sounds beautiful， but its difficult to sing. （這首歌聽(tīng)起來(lái)很美好，但是很難唱。）

Those oranges taste good. （那些橘子嘗起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。）

She looks much younger in her red dress. （她穿著紅色裙子看上去年輕多了。）

Your hands feel very cold. Whats wrong？ （你的手摸著很冷。你怎么了？）

2. 狀態(tài)持續(xù)類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞

表示主語(yǔ)持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有：remain （依然）、keep （保持）、stay （保持）、lie （呈……狀態(tài)，置于）、continue （繼續(xù)、仍舊）等。

◇例如：

The vegetables stayed fresh when I took them out of the fridge. （當(dāng)我把這些蔬菜從冰箱里拿出來(lái)的時(shí)候，它們還保持著新鮮。）

The book lay open on the desk. （書(shū)打開(kāi)著放在桌上。）

I cant taste the soup right now because it remains hot. （湯太燙了，我現(xiàn)在還嘗不了。）

Few people remained calm when they heard the exciting news. （當(dāng)聽(tīng)聞這個(gè)令人興奮的消息時(shí)，沒(méi)有幾個(gè)人能保持平靜。）

3. 狀態(tài)變化類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞

表示主語(yǔ)從一種狀態(tài)變化成另一種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有：become、turn、grow、go、come、fall、get等。

◇例如：

Put the fish in the fridge， or it will go bad in hot weather. （把魚(yú)放到冰箱里，不然熱天里會(huì)變壞。）

She fell ill while she was on holiday. （她在度假時(shí)病倒了。）

My poor mother， your hair has gone white completely?。ㄎ铱蓱z的母親，你的頭發(fā)全變白了。）

Now my dream has come true. （現(xiàn)在我的夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Mum，what are you cooking in the kitchen？ It _______ so good！

—Fried noodles. （2016福建福州）

A. smells B. tastes

C. sounds

（ ）2. —3D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.

—It _______ amazing. Its my first time to get to know this. （2016福建泉州）

A. sounds B. smells C. tastes

（ ）3. We hope the weather will _______ fine so that we can finish our work without break.

A. feel B. continue

C. get D. look

（ ）4. —I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend.

—_______ good.

A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds

（ ）5. Happy birthday， Alice！So you have _______ twenty one already！

A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed

（ ）6. The traffic lights _______ green and I pulled away.

A. came B. grew C. got D. went

（ ）7. —How are the team playing？

—They are playing well， but one of them _______ hurt.

A. got B. gets

C. are D. were

（ ）8. He shook his head _______ and looked _______ when he was told the bad news.

A. sadly； sadly B. sad； sad

C. sadly； sad D. sad； sadly

（ ）9. —Good morning. Id like a birthday gift for my mother.

—What about this scarf？ It is beautiful and it _______ soft and smooth. （2016山東東營(yíng)）

A. feels B. looks

C. seems D. becomes

（ ）10. I like the dress very much. It _______ comfortable. （2014山東聊城）

A. feels B. tastes

C. sounds D. smells

（ ）11. —What do you think of the dish I cooked for you？

—I havent had it yet. However， it _______ good. （2015湖北荊州）

A. tastes B. smells

C. sounds D. feels

（ ）12. —Why do you _______ so upset？

—Because I didnt get the first place in the English competition. （2016遼寧丹東）

A. look B. sound

C. smell D. feel

（ ）13. Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _______ nice. （2013湖北武漢元調(diào)）

A. feels B. smells

C. tastes D. looks

（ ）14. —Must I take the umbrella with me？

—No， you neednt. The radio says that the weather will _______ fine. （2014湖北武漢元調(diào)）

A. seem B. look

C. sound D. turn

【Keys： 1～5 AABDB 6～10 DACAA

11～14 BADD】

★形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

1. 幾個(gè)常用重點(diǎn)句型

（1） as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as （……和……一樣……）

◇例如：

Tom is as honest as Jack. （Tom和Jack一樣誠(chéng)實(shí)。）

注意：

① 在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中可用so...as...。

◇例如：

The weather here is not as/so cool as that in Harbin. （這里的天氣不像在哈爾濱那樣冷。）

② 用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其它程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在as的前面。

◇例如：

This room is twice as big as that one. （這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的兩倍大。）

Your room is the same size as mine. （你的房間和我的一樣大。）

（2） the+比較級(jí)...， the+比較級(jí) （……越……，就越……）

◇例如：

The harder you work， the greater progress youll make. （你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，進(jìn)步就越大。）

（3） 比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí) （越來(lái)越……）

◇例如：

As your salary increases in the company， it becomes more and more difficult to quit. （隨著在公司薪水的增加，你辭職的難度越來(lái)越大。）

China becomes stronger and stronger. （中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大了。）

2. 幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)

（1） 可修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：a bit、a little、 a lot、rather、much、far、any、still、even等，very、so、too、quite不能修飾比較級(jí)。

（2） “否定詞語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)”與“否定詞語(yǔ)+so...as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。

◇例如：

Nothing is so easy as this. （沒(méi)什么和這個(gè)一樣簡(jiǎn)單的了。）

=Nothing is easier than this. （沒(méi)什么比這個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的了。）

=This is the easiest thing. （這個(gè)是最簡(jiǎn)單的了。）

（3） old有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：older，oldest和elder，eldest。elder，eldest多用于長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系。

◇例如：

My elder brother is an engineer. （我哥哥是個(gè)工程師。）

Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. （瑪麗是三姐妹中年齡最大的。）

（4） far也有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：

farther，farthest和further，furthest。farther表示“更遠(yuǎn)”；further表示“更進(jìn)一步，更深一層”。

◇例如：

She had walked for two hours and couldnt go any farther. （她已經(jīng)走了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，再也走不動(dòng)了。）

Tom is going to college for further study. （湯姆要讀大學(xué)深造。）

3. 相關(guān)短語(yǔ)辨析

（1） no more than...與not more than...

no more than （=only）表示“僅僅”、“只有”，強(qiáng)調(diào)少；而not more than （=at most）表示“不多于”、“至多”。

◇例如：

He is no more than an ordinary English teacher. （他只不過(guò)是個(gè)普通的英文老師。）

He has no more than three children. （他只有3個(gè)孩子。）

He has not more than three children. （他最多有3個(gè)孩子。） [或許有還不到3個(gè)之意]

（2） no more...than與not more...than

用于比較兩件事物時(shí)，no more...than（=nei-ther...nor）表示對(duì)兩者都否定，意為“同……一樣不；都不”；而not more...than（=not so...as）指兩者雖都具有某種特征，但程度不同，意為“不如；不及；不比……更”。

◇例如：

He is no more a writer than a painter. （他不是畫(huà)家，也不是作家。）

=He is neither a painter nor a writer.

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. （馬不是魚(yú)，鯨也不是魚(yú)。）

=Neither a horse nor a whale is a fish.

She is not more clever than he is. （她不如他聰明。）

=She is not so clever as he is.

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —The temperature is 30°C today. I prefer staying in to going out.

—It will be _______ tomorrow. The temperature will reach 35℃. （2016黑龍江哈爾濱）

A. colder B. hotter

C. hottest

（ ）2. —Why didnt you cry for help when you were robbed （被搶劫）？

—If I opened my mouth， they might find my four gold teeth. That would be _______！ （2016山東東營(yíng)）

A. bad B. much worse

C. worst D. the worst

（ ）3. —Lily has two sisters， doesnt she？

—Yes. Shes taller and older than her two sisters， but shes not _______ one of the three. （2016湖北襄陽(yáng)）

A. the tallest B. youngest

C. shortest D. the cleverest

（ ）4. I didnt do very well in this exam. Unluckily， he did it _______. （2016江西）

A. worse B. badl

C. better D. worst

（ ）5. —Its one of the _______ things in the world to stay with friends.

—I agree. It always makes us relaxed. （2015湖北荊州）

A. worst B. happiest

C. busiest D. hardest

（ ）6. I have been to quite a few restaurants， but I can say this one is _______. （2016河南）

A. good B. better C. the better D. the best

（ ）7. —How was your interview for the work？

—Oh， I couldnt feel any _______. I hardly understood most of the questions they asked. （2016湖北荊州）

A. happier B. better

C. worse D. harder

（ ）8. —Do you like western food？

—No. The western food is _______ that of our country.

A. rather good than

B. much better than

C. more better than

D. not so good as

【Keys： 1～5 BBDAB 6～8 DCD】

★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法

1. can

（1） “（表示能力）能……；會(huì)……”

◇例如：

She can drive， but she cant ride a bicycle. （她會(huì)駕車(chē)，但是不會(huì)騎自行車(chē)。）

（2） “（表示許可）能夠……；可以……”

◇例如：

—Can I use your telephone？ （我可以用你的電話(huà)嗎？）

—Yes， of course you can. （當(dāng)然可以。）

You cant park your car in this street. （你不能把車(chē)停在這條街上。）

注意：can可作“有時(shí)候會(huì)……”解，以描述特有的行為或情形，指平時(shí)或大部分時(shí)間不是這樣子，只是偶爾發(fā)生的事情。

◇例如：

She can be very forgetful. （她有時(shí)很健忘。）

Jogging can be harmful to the health. （慢跑有時(shí)候會(huì)對(duì)身體健康有害。）

（3） “（用以提出建議）請(qǐng)做……；得……”

◇例如：

Ill do the cooking， and you can do the washing. （我來(lái)做飯，請(qǐng)你去洗衣服。）

（4） “（用于疑問(wèn)句中，表請(qǐng)求）能不能……；要不要……”

◇例如：

Can you give me a lift to the station？ （能讓我搭你的車(chē)到車(chē)站去嗎？）

Cant you feed the cat？ （你喂喂貓好嗎？）

（5） “（用于疑問(wèn)句中，表驚訝、懷疑等）到底可能；居然會(huì)，竟至于”

◇例如：

Can he be serious？ （他當(dāng)真是這個(gè)意思嗎？）

How can you be so stupid？ （你怎么會(huì)那么傻？）

（6） 構(gòu)成下列特殊句式：

① can not/never...too...；cannot...enough “無(wú)論怎么……也不過(guò)分；越……越好；非?！?/p>

◇例如：

One cannot be too careful. （越認(rèn)真越好。）

I cannot thank you enough. （我對(duì)你感激不盡。）

② cannot help doing...；cannot help but do...；cannot but do... “禁不?。徊挥傻?；不得不”

◇例如：

I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it. （不管什么時(shí)候看到這幅畫(huà)，我都禁不住要贊賞它。）

When a close friend dies， you cannot but feel sad. （親密的朋友去世了，你會(huì)忍不住感到悲傷。）

2. may

（1） “（表準(zhǔn)許、許可）可以……”

◇例如：

You may go home now， Susan. （蘇珊，你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。）

May I have a word with you， please？ （我可以跟你說(shuō)句話(huà)嗎？）

（2） “（表愿望、祝福）但愿；?！?/p>

注意：此時(shí)句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。

◇例如：

May you succeed?。ㄗＤ愠晒Γ。?/p>

（3） “（用于表示可能）也許；可能”

◇例如：

That may or may not be true. （那可能是實(shí)情，也可能不是。）

3. must

（1） “（表義務(wù)、必要性、命令）必須，得，要”

◇例如：

—Must I wash the dishes at once？ （我得立刻洗這些盤(pán)子嗎？）

—No， you neednt. （不，不必。）

Animals must eat to live. （為了活下去，動(dòng)物必須吃東西。）

（2） “（表必然性，做出邏輯推斷）必定”

◇例如：

You must be hungry. （你一定餓了吧。）

（3） “（表堅(jiān)持等）偏偏；硬要；偏要”

◇例如：

Must you make so much noise？ （你就非得弄出這么大聲兒?jiǎn)幔浚?/p>

（4） 注意：mustnt表示“禁止、不準(zhǔn)”。

◇例如：

You mustnt play with the knife. You may hurt yourself. （你不準(zhǔn)玩刀子，你會(huì)把自己割傷的。）

4. shall

（1） “（表示預(yù)言）能……；會(huì)……”

◇例如：

Shall we be there in time for supper？ （我們能及時(shí)趕到那吃飯嗎？）

（2） 表示“說(shuō)話(huà)人的命令、警告、強(qiáng)制、意愿、威脅或決心”等

◇例如：

Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon. （不要焦急，今天下午你就會(huì)得到答復(fù)。） [允諾]

He shall be sorry one day. I tell you. （我告訴你，他早晚有一天會(huì)后悔的。） [警告]

（3） “（用于法律、規(guī)則等條文中）應(yīng)……，須……，得……”

◇例如：

The fine shall be given in cash. （罰款應(yīng)以現(xiàn)金繳納。）

（4） Shall I和Shall we用于提出意見(jiàn)或建議

◇例如：

Shall I have a look？ （要我看一下嗎？）

5. should

（1） “（表義務(wù)、責(zé)任）應(yīng)該……”

◇例如：

We should attend the meeting. （我們應(yīng)該參加這次會(huì)議。）

（2） “（表預(yù)期）應(yīng)該會(huì)，想必會(huì)，一定會(huì)……吧”

◇例如：

The concert should be great fun. （音樂(lè)會(huì)一定會(huì)很有意思。）

（3） 用在anxious、sorry、happy、glad等形容詞后接的that從句中。

◇例如：

Im glad that your story should have won the first prize. （我很高興你的小說(shuō)居然贏得頭獎(jiǎng)。）

（4） “（與疑問(wèn)詞連用，表示意外、納悶、驚訝等）究竟是；到底；竟然”

◇例如：

Who should come in but my old friend Betty?。ㄎ耶?dāng)是誰(shuí)進(jìn)來(lái)了呢，原來(lái)是我的老朋友貝蒂呀?。?/p>

Why should he think that？ （他怎么那么想呢？）

6. would

（1） “（will的過(guò)去式，表過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）（從前）常常；經(jīng)?！?/p>

◇例如：

We would stay up all night talking about our future. （那時(shí)候，我們常常徹夜談?wù)撐覀兊膶?lái)。）

（2） “（用以評(píng)論特有的行為）老是；偏要”

◇例如：

Thats exactly like Susie. She would come to me just when I was busy. （蘇西就是那個(gè)樣子。她老是在我忙碌的時(shí)候來(lái)找我。）

（3） “（用以表示推測(cè)、設(shè)想事情的結(jié)果或動(dòng)作、傾向）也許，大概，要，該”

◇例如：

That window wouldnt open. （那扇窗戶(hù)打不開(kāi)。）

（4） “表示請(qǐng)求或個(gè)人的想法、看法（語(yǔ)氣委婉）”

◇例如：

Would you mind if I opened the window？ （我打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)你不介意吧？）

二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)

1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，can/could，may/might可以用來(lái)表示對(duì)事情的推測(cè)。

（1） must

表推測(cè)時(shí)只能用于肯定句，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行的推測(cè)，不能表對(duì)將來(lái)事情的推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣非?？隙ǎ硎咀畲蟮目赡苄?，意為“一定……”。其否定形式為cant/couldnt。

（2） can/could

表推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)，表示很大的可能性，但could偶爾可用于肯定推測(cè)。cant/couldnt為語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)的否定推測(cè)，意為“不可能，一定不（是）”。

（3） may/might

表推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于肯定句或否定句，可對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣不很肯定，譯為“可能……”。其否定形式may/might not意為“可能不……”

2. “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be/do”和“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”

（1） “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be/do”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來(lái)對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的狀況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。

◇例如：

The light is still on. He must be working in the office now. （燈還亮著，他現(xiàn)在一定還在辦公室工作著。）

Michael cant be a policeman， for hes much too short. （麥克不可能是警察，因?yàn)樗?。?/p>

（2） “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)用于對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)。

◇例如：

I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. （我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到電話(huà)響，我一定是睡著了。）

Tom hasnt come back yet. He may have missed the bus again. （湯姆還沒(méi)有回來(lái)，他可能又沒(méi)趕上班車(chē)。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Finally， they came back.

—They _______ be hungry after such a long walk. （2016湖南長(zhǎng)沙））

A. cant B. must

C. neednt

（ ）2. —Sixty dollars for such a T■shirt！You _______ be joking！

—Im serious. Its made of silk from Hangzhou. （2017湖北荊州）

A. must B. need

C. will D. can

（ ）3. —Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year？

—It _______ him. He has retired （退役） since April 13. （2016湖北咸寧）

A. cant be B. mustnt be

C. must be D. can be

（ ）4. —I still havent found my pet dog.

—Im sorry to hear that. You _______ be very sad. （2016湖北武漢）

A. can B. should

C. must D. will

（ ）5. —Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. Li？

—No. It _______ be her. She is wearing a white dress today. （2016福建福州）

A. can B. may

C. must D. cant

（ ）6. —I wonder if these are Dannys glasses？

—They _______ be Dannys. He doesnt wear glasses. （2017甘肅武威）

A. cant B. must

C. mustnt D. can

（ ）7. —I dont care what people think.

—Well， you _______. Youre not alone in this world. （2017河南）

A. can B. may

C. should D. will

（ ）8. —_______ I hand in the report today？

—No， you neednt. （2017北京）

A. Can B. Must

C. Shall D. Could

（ ）9. —You look very pretty， if I _______ say so.

—Thanks a lot for saying that. （2016河南）

A. must B. may

C. will D. have to

（ ）10. —Weve got everything ready for the picnic.

—Do you mean I _______ bring anything with me？ （2016江蘇無(wú)錫）

A. cant B. mustnt C. couldnt D. neednt

（ ）11. —Must I sing the song in Russian？

—No， you _______. Its up to you. （2015四川資陽(yáng)）

A. mustnt B. cant

C. dont D. neednt

（ ）12. —Must I go to a law school and be a lawyer like you， Dad？

—No， you_______. You are free to make your own decision. （2016山東濱州）

A. cant B. mustnt

C. shouldnt D. neednt

（ ）13. —My cat is really fat.

—You _______ have given her so much food.

A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt

（ ）14. —I cant find my purse anywhere.

—You _______ have lost it while shopping.

A. may B. can

C. should D. would

（ ）15. —Its the office！So you _______ know eating is not allowed here.

—Oh， sorry.

A. must B. will

C. may D. need

【Keys： 1～5 BAACD 6～10 ACBBD

11～15 DDCAA】

★so和neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

1. 辨析：“so+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”和“so+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”

（1） 在表示“……也是如此”時(shí)用“so+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。[該句主語(yǔ)和前一句的主語(yǔ)不是同一個(gè)。]

◇例如：

—He goes to school every day. —So do I. （“他每天上學(xué)?！薄拔乙踩绱?。”）

—He is fourteen. —So am I. （“他十四歲?！薄拔乙彩臍q?！保?/p>

—I will go there tomorrow. —So will she. （“我明天去那里?！薄八矔?huì)去?！保?/p>

（2） 在表示對(duì)前一句的認(rèn)同時(shí)用“so+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”。[該句主語(yǔ)和前一句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)。]

◇例如：

—The students work hard. —So they do. （“同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)努力?！薄八麄兇_實(shí)努力?！保?/p>

—He is good at maths. —So he is. （“他善長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)?！薄八_實(shí)善長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)?！保?/p>

—It was very cold yesterday. —So it was. （“昨天很冷。”“的確如此?！保?/p>

2. 辨析：“neither+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”和“neither+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”

（1） 在表示“……也不”時(shí)用“neither+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。[該句主語(yǔ)和前一句的主語(yǔ)不是同一個(gè)。]

◇例如：

—Tom doesnt study hard. —Neither does Linda. （“湯姆學(xué)習(xí)不努力。”“琳達(dá)學(xué)習(xí)也不努力。”）

（2） 在表示對(duì)前一句的認(rèn)同時(shí)用“neither+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”。[該句主語(yǔ)和前一句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)。]

◇例如：

—He doesnt study hard. —Neither he does. （“他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。”“的確如此/他學(xué)習(xí)真的不努力?！保?/p>

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Lucy cant go mountain climbing with us tomorrow.

—_______. I have to do housework at home. （2015黑龍江龍東）

A. So can I B. Neither can I

C. Neither I can

（ ）2. —Taian is a really comfortable city to live in.

—_______， and its world famous for Mount Tai. （2015山東泰安）

A. So it is B. So is it

C. So it does D. So does it

（ ）3. —What language is that guy speaking？ I can hardly catch a single word！

—_______. Hes from India， so I guess it is Hindi. （2015江蘇無(wú)錫）

A. Neither I can B. Neither can I C. So I can D. So can I

（ ）4. —Peter has made great progress in math recently.

—_______， and so have you. （2016四川宜賓）

A. So he does B. So he has

C. So has he D. So does he

（ ）5. —Danny will go to the library this morning.

—_______. （2015甘肅天水）

A. So do I B. So I do

C. So I will D. So will I

（ ）6. —Why， this is nothing but common vegetable soup！

—_______， madam. This is our soup of the day.

A. Let me see B. So it is

C. Dont mention it D. Neither do I

（ ）7. If Joes wife wont go to the party， _______.

A. he will either B. neither will he

C. he neither will D. either he will

（ ）8. —My room gets very cold at night.

—_______.

A. So is mine B. So mine is

C. So does mine D. So mine does

【Keys： 1～5 BABBD 6～8 BBC】

★賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)之后的從句稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)從句。

1. 連接詞

（1） 連接詞that

引導(dǎo)陳述句用that。that無(wú)實(shí)際意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接主從句的作用；如that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，常可省略。

◇例如：

We believe （that） he is honest. （我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。）

（2） 連接詞whether和if

引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句用whether或if。但要注意，在下列幾種情況通常使用whether：

①在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether；

②在介詞之后用whether；

③在不定式前用whether等。

◇例如：

I dont know whether hell arrive in time or not. （我不知道他是否能及時(shí)到。）

She didnt say if he was still in Wuhan. （她沒(méi)說(shuō)他是否還在武漢。）

（3） 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞。

◇例如：

He asked why he had to go alone. （他問(wèn)為什么必須他一個(gè)人去。）

Id like to know when they will let him out. （我很想知道他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)放他出來(lái)。）

I asked how he was getting on. （我問(wèn)他情況怎樣。）

2. 語(yǔ)序

在含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，不管主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，從句一律是用“連接詞+陳述句語(yǔ)序”，其標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句來(lái)決定。

◇例如：

Where is the Peoples Park？ （人民公園在哪里？）

→Excuse me， could you tell me where the Peoples Park is？ （打擾了，能告訴我人民公園在哪里嗎？）

3. 時(shí)態(tài)

①如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可視情況使用任何一種相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。

②如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句必須使用過(guò)去相應(yīng)的某一種時(shí)態(tài)。

③如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀(guān)事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句是用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)習(xí)慣上都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

◇例如：

—What did your teacher say to you just now？ （剛才老師跟你說(shuō)了些什么？）

—He asked me if I had got ready for the exam. （他問(wèn)我是否已經(jīng)做好了考試的準(zhǔn)備。）

4. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移

當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)，且主句的及物動(dòng)詞為表示感知的動(dòng)詞，例如：think、suppose、guess、say、imagine、expect、believe等時(shí)，常把對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的否定放在主句中。

◇例如：

I dont think its going to rain this afternoon. （我認(rèn)為今天下午不會(huì)下雨。）

5. 簡(jiǎn)化

賓語(yǔ)從句在一定條件下，可以簡(jiǎn)化為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”、“it+形容詞+不定式短語(yǔ)”、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、（名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞或副詞、過(guò)去分詞）短語(yǔ)、名詞和過(guò)去分詞等。

◇例如：

I dont know what I should do with the letter. （我不知道我該拿這封信怎么辦。）

=I dont know what to do with the letter.

當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know、learn、forget、remember等，其后接疑問(wèn)詞（連接代詞/副詞）引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，且該從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化成“疑問(wèn)詞（連接代詞/副詞）+不定式（短語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)，故賓語(yǔ)從句what I should do可以簡(jiǎn)化成what to do。

6. 注意

if/when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if/when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思分別為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，此時(shí)從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況而定。if和when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果”和“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，此時(shí)如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句部分則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

◇例如：

Were not sure if it _______ tomorrow. If it _______， we wont climb the South Hill. （2004青海西寧）

A. will snow； snows

B. will snow； will snow

C. snows； snows

D. snows； will snow

[答案] A

[解析] 題干中前句if引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)句意及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)（will snow）。后句if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)（wont climb），從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（snows），因此正確答案為A。

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Andy， I wonder _______ the new sports clothes.

—Of course by credit card. （2017吉林）

A. what you paid for

B. how you paid for

C. why you paid for

（ ）2. —After we enter the high school， we will have the courses about life management. We can choose what we like. I wonder _______.

—Physics. I want to study science in the future. （2017山西）

A. what choosing courses is for

B. what courses you want to take

C. what you think of choosing courses

（ ）3. —Are you going camping this afternoon？

—A typhoon is coming. Im not sure _______ the road to the mountain will be closed. （2016江蘇南京）

A. which B. what

C. whether D. why

（ ）4. —I want to know more about Hong Kong. Can you tell me _______？

—In 1997. （2017吉林長(zhǎng)春）

A. when did it return to China

B. when it returned to China

C. when does it return to China

D. when it returns to China

（ ）5. —Do you know _______？

—Yes，of course. It will be hosted by Beijing and Zhangjiakou. （2017甘肅白銀）

A. how will be the 2022 Winter Olympics

B. which city will host the 2022 Winter Olympics

C. when will be the next Winter Olympics

D. where will be the next Winter Olympics

（ ）6. —We can use QR code （二維碼） to find information on the cell phone now.

—Really？ Can you show me _______ it？ （2017貴州安順）

A. how I can use B. how can I use C. why can I use

D. what I can use.

（ ）7. —Do you know _______？

—Yes， she is very kind and outgoing. （2017湖北鄂州）

A. whats his mother like

B. what his mother likes

C. what his mother is like D. how his mother is like

（ ）8. —Id like to know _______ for the party.

—I have no idea. （2017 湖北武漢）

A. why did she buy so little food B. what she has prepared

C. whether will she dance

D. when is she leaving

（ ）9. —What did the manager ask you after the meeting？

—She asked me _______. （2017湖北襄陽(yáng)）

A. what I do for the project last week B. if can I finish the work on time

C. how did I deal with the problem

D. why I was late for the meeting

（ ）10. —I cant see _______ on the blackboard. May I borrow your notebook？

—Sure. Here you are. （2017重慶）

A. what our teacher wrote

B. what did our teacher write

C. why our teacher wrote

D. how did our teacher write

（ ）11. Today is Fathers Day， Im thinking about _______.（2017江蘇鹽城）

A. what present I gave my father

B. if I planned a party for my father.

C. how I can give my father a surprise D. where will my father and I have a big meal.

（ ）12. —David asked _______ in China.

—Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting. （2015廣東）

A. why he can greet a lady by kissing her

B. why he could greet a lady by kissing her

C. whether he can greet a lady by kissing her

D. whether he could greet a lady by kissing her

（ ）13. —What did your father say to you just now？

—He asked me _______. （2016山東濱州）

A. that I would like to see a movie

B. where I will spend my holiday

C. if I enjoyed myself at the party

D. when did I attend the graduation party

（ ）14. In the UK， a lady usually doesnt like to be asked _______. （2015江蘇鹽城）

A. whether has she got married

B. how old is she

C. where she comes from

D. how much she weighs

（ ）15. —Chris wants to know _______ “truth or dare （真心話(huà)大冒險(xiǎn)游戲）” at your birthday party.

—Yes. But if he doesnt like it， well play guessing games instead. （2015山東東營(yíng)）

A. who will play

B. whether we played

C. if we will play

D. why we are going to play

（ ）16. My deskmate asked me _______. （2015山東煙臺(tái)）

A. when would I go to the zoo

B. whom I would play tennis with

C. how did I get home that evening

D. whether I have been to Singapore

（ ）17. —What did he ask just now？

—He wondered _______. （2015四川涼山）

A. if they would meet at the school gate B. when would they start

C. that they would take some food D. how they will get there

（ ）18. Excuse me， can you help me find out _______ with my computer？ （2015湖北黃石）

A. what wrong is B. whats wrong C. what was wrong

D. what wrong was

（ ）19. —Could you tell me _______？

—The movie Fast and Furious 8. （2017云南）

A. where you saw the movie

B. which movie you like best

C. where did you see the movie

D. which movie do you like best

（ ）20. —I am worried about _______.

—Whatever the result is， dont be too hard on yourself. （2016云南昆明）

A. how have I prepared for my final exams

B. if I can get great grades in the final exams

C. that my school team lost the game because of my fault

D. why did my school team lose the game

【Keys： 1～5 BBCDB 6～10 ACBDA

11～15 CDCDC 16～20 BABBB】

★初中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的部分用法歸納

1. 只能后接不定式的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)

初中階段，大部分實(shí)意動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，都只能接動(dòng)詞不定式。這種情況屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的最普通、最常見(jiàn)的用法。

◇例如：

tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事

invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事

teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事

allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事

能夠構(gòu)成這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有：

ask、plan、mean （打算）、manage、learn、hope、expect、want、wish、agree、promise、decide、choose、offer、fail、prepare、pretend、refuse、happen、afford等等。

能夠構(gòu)成這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：

would like、make sure、make a decision、make up ones mind、be willing、take ones turn、cant wait、be supposed等等。

2. 只能接■ing形式的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)

只能接動(dòng)名詞而不能接不定式的動(dòng)詞有：

allow、consider、suggest、advice、finish、 imagine、practise、enjoy、miss （錯(cuò)過(guò)；懷念）、

prevent、include、excuse （原諒）、dislike、discuss、mind等等。

只能接動(dòng)名詞而不能接不定式的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：

cant stand、feel like、stick to、dream of、think of、keep on、put off、give up、be busy、be worth、cant stand、cant help、be interested in、be afraid of、be good at、get/be used to、be proud of、be tired of、look forward to、thank sb. for、succeed in等等。

3. 既可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞

（1） 后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞且含義相同的動(dòng)詞有：like、love、hate、prefer、begin、start、continue等。

◇例如：

He likes travelling/to travel alone. （他喜歡獨(dú)自旅行。）

He began doing/to do this job last year. （他去年開(kāi)始做這工作。）

（2） 動(dòng)詞forget、remember、regret等接不定式時(shí)，表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后（即還未做）；接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前（即已做）。

◇例如：

I forgot to tell you about it. （我忘記要告訴你那件事了。）

I remembered giving the book to Li Lei， but he said I didnt. （我記得我把書(shū)給李雷了，但是他說(shuō)我沒(méi)有給。）

（3） 動(dòng)詞mean接不定式時(shí)，表示一種意圖，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，表示解釋?zhuān)馑际恰耙馕吨?，意思是”?/p>

◇例如：

I didnt mean to bother you. （我本不想打擾你。）

What he said means going there by air. （他的話(huà)的意思是坐飛機(jī)去那兒。）

（4） try接不定式時(shí)，表示一種決心，意思是“設(shè)法做，盡力做”；try接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，表示嘗試，意思是“試著做”。

◇例如：

Ill try to catch up with my class. （我將盡力趕上同學(xué)們。）

I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. （我試著閱讀課文時(shí)不查詞典。）

（5） need，require等后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞語(yǔ)態(tài)不同。

need，require等表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞均可，但是接動(dòng)名詞可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，而接不定式則用被動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

◇例如：

The flowers need watering every day. （花兒需要每天澆水。）

=The flowers need to be watered every day.

注意：若need，require等后接非謂動(dòng)詞為句子主語(yǔ)所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，則只能用不定式，不能用動(dòng)名詞。

◇例如：

I need to water the flowers every day. （我需要每天給花澆水。）

（6） go on和stop

go on to do sth. 做完某事后繼續(xù)做另一事

go on doing 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事

stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一事

stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事

◇例如：

After they had read the text， the students went on to do the exercises. （讀完課文后，學(xué)生們繼續(xù)做練習(xí)。）

The students went on talking and laughing all the way. （一路上學(xué)生們一直有說(shuō)有笑。）

I stopped reading the book when my mother asked me to have supper. （當(dāng)媽媽叫我去吃晚飯時(shí)，我停止了讀書(shū)。）

I was watching TV just now. When I heard my mother come into the room， I stopped to read my book. （剛剛我在看電視，當(dāng)聽(tīng)到媽媽走近房間時(shí)，我馬上停下來(lái)，然后去看書(shū)了。）

4. 可接動(dòng)詞原形做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞

（1） 只能接動(dòng)詞原形的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)

① 使役動(dòng)詞make和let

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事

◇例如：

The music teacher made the students sing the song together. （音樂(lè)老師讓學(xué)生們齊唱那首歌。）

Let me help you wash your clothes. （讓我?guī)湍阆匆路伞＃?/p>

② 只能接動(dòng)詞原形的短語(yǔ)

had better do 最好做……

why not do 為什么不……？

would rather do 寧愿……

rather than do 不愿……等

③ 后接動(dòng)詞原形和不定式意義不一樣的動(dòng)詞（感官動(dòng)詞）有：see、watch、hear、notice、feel等。

see sb. do sth. 看見(jiàn)某人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程

see sb. doing sth. 看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行

其它的的感官動(dòng)詞hear、notice、watch、listen to、feel的用法與see類(lèi)似。

◇例如：

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. （昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。）[強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見(jiàn)了”這個(gè)事實(shí)。]

I saw him working in the garden yesterday. （昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。）[強(qiáng)調(diào)“他正干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作。]

◇例如：

They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew

C. was growing D. to grow

[答案] A

[解析] 題意為“他們看著她長(zhǎng)大”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，而不是正在長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，因此用see sb. do sth.的句型。

The missing boy was last seen _______ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing

C. play D. to play

[答案] A

[解析] 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作“正在河邊玩”，應(yīng)用see sb. doing sth.句型。

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Mario， your mobile phone is ringing.

—Wait a minute. Its dangerous for us _______ it while crossing the street. （2017四川南充）

A. answering B. to answer

C. answer D. answered

（ ）2. We have worked so long. Shall we stop _______ a rest？ （2016山東青島）

A. have B. to having

C. having D. to have

（ ）3. His uncle would rather _______ the old bike than _______ a new one. （2015山東東營(yíng)）

A. repair； to buy B. to repair； buy

C. repair； buy

D. to repair； to buy

（ ）4. —Some children cant afford _______ necessary stationery （文具）.

—Lets donate our pocket money to them.

A. buy B. buying

C. to buy D. be bought

（ ）5. Though he often made his little sister _______， today he was made _______ by his little sister. （2015廣東梅州）

A. cry； to cry B. crying； crying

C. cry； cry D. to cry； cry

（ ）6. My friend invited me _______ the art club， and I accepted it with pleasure. （2015上海）

A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining

（ ）7. —I didnt hear you come in just now.

—Thats good. We tried _______ any noise， for you were sleeping. （2013廣東）

A. not make B. not to make

C. to make D. making

（ ）8. Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here， but it will still take us a few hours _______ there by bike. （2016湖北黃石）

A. getting B. to get

C. got D. get

（ ）9. Martin was so busy _______ the old that he gave up his part time job. （2015上海）

A. helping B. helped C. to help D. help

（ ）10. —Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child？

—Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret _______ that silly thing to my mum. （2015湖北襄陽(yáng)）

A. do B. to do

C. doing D. did

（ ）11. —What happens when you hear a strange noise at night or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom？

—It often makes us _______. （2015山東臨沂）

A. jump B. to jump

C. jumping D. jumped

（ ）12. It took me two weeks _______ reading the novels written by Guo Jingming. （2012廣東）

A. finish B. to finish

C. finishes D. finishing

（ ）13. Thanks to the robots， the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time ______ boring numbers and information. （2015山東臨沂）

A. processing B. to process

C. processed D. process

（ ）14. —Is Jack in the next room？

—Well， its hard to say. But I heard him _______ loudly when I passed by just now. （2015湖北孝感）

A. speak B. to speak

C. spoken D. speaking

（ ）15. —What do you remember about Grade 7？

—I remember _______ a prize. （2015湖北鄂州）

A. to win B. winning

C. win D. wining

（ ）16. —Im sorry I _______ my exercise book at home this morning.

—It doesnt matter. Dont forget _______ it here this afternoon. （2016山東濱州）

A. left； to take

B. forgot； bringing

C. left； to bring

D. forgot； to bring

（ ）17. The boss asked Tim to go and _______ out if there was anyone else absent. （2016河南）

A. find B. finding

C. to find D. found

（ ）18. —Are you going swimming this afternoon？

—Id rather _______ with you. （2016甘肅蘭州）

A. to go shopping B. go shoping

C. to go shoping D. go shopping

（ ）19. Leonardo DiCaprio， a famous American actor， was always expecting _______ an Oscar and finally he made it. （2016廣東）

A. to win B. winning

C. not to win D. not winning

（ ）20. We advise parents _______ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. （2015廣東）

A. not leave B. not to leave

C. leave D. to leave

（ ）21. —Im new here.

—Dont worry. Ill do what I can _______ you. （2016黔東南）

A. to help B. help

C. helping D. helped

（ ）22. Our country encourages more students _______ football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools. （2016江蘇鎮(zhèn)江）

A. play B. playing

C. to play D. will play

（ ）23. The couple will be away for a while and they need someone _______ the baby. （2016江蘇南通）

A. look after B. looking after C. looked after D. to look after

（ ）24. David said that the glass was broken and warned me _______ it. （2016江蘇徐州）

A. dont touch B. to not touch C. not to touch D. no touching

【Keys： 1～5 BDCCA 6～10 BBBAC

11～15 ABADB 16～20 CADAB 21～24 ACDC】