建筑設(shè)計：1+1＞2建筑事務(wù)所

越南北部山區(qū)的貧困如今已不再無人知曉。那里的許多孩子缺衣少食。他們在陳舊陰冷的教室里上課，其他設(shè)施也破敗不堪。這種狀況在隆良也不例外，那是太原省常農(nóng)公社一個最偏遠的村莊。隆良還面臨著許多其他困難：通往村莊的小路極為崎嶇，路寬只有2m。山中到處是坡地——稍不留神就會滑倒跌入深處。大部分芒族人都住在那里，90%的家庭都很貧窮。在這樣的背景下，如何為兒童改善衛(wèi)生和教育條件就成了一個棘手的難題。

隆良小學位于一個陡峭的山峰上。過去，“貧困學生基金”曾贊助過一個學校項目，但建筑只是臨時性的，用破爛的帆布擋住冬天的冷風。教室為土基礎(chǔ)，墻是草墊，屋頂蓋纖維水泥，山墻包竹條。尤其在大雨和暴風時，它會冷得刺骨。

如今，在施工兩年后，全新的隆良小學猶如一朵清新的叢林之花，有著鮮艷的色彩和現(xiàn)代的設(shè)計語言。建筑有著強烈的視覺效果：每個角度都帶來不同的感受，并在上課時啟發(fā)孩子們的靈感。

這個項目的目標是創(chuàng)造一座以各種便利設(shè)施與殘酷的自然作斗爭的學校。其設(shè)計符合照明、通風以及隔音的標準。學校有充足的教室、多功能廳、醫(yī)療室、圖書館、廚房、衛(wèi)生間和宿舍。

“以校為山，以山為校”的理念讓人們從學校的每個轉(zhuǎn)角都可以望見它的煙囪。教室與遠山相映成趣，其間的空隙使這一切猶如大地之上的建筑畫。走廊連接著所有的功能區(qū)。建筑的基礎(chǔ)尊重天然地形，使它們隨山路上下蜿蜒。

為了不浪費資金并提高保溫效果，磚是由場地做平基礎(chǔ)時挖出的回收土制成的。這種材料也帶來了均衡的室內(nèi)氣候；房間會冬暖夏涼。

隆良小學仿佛叢林之中一朵艷麗的花，是獻給少數(shù)民族兒童最有意義的禮物。據(jù)了解，“貧困少數(shù)民族學生基金”將繼續(xù)建造其他學校，不斷改善少數(shù)民族兒童的學習環(huán)境和活動條件?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

1 鳥瞰/Aerial views

2 鳥瞰/Aerial views

3 外景/Exterior view

Deprivation and misery in the northern mountain of Vietnam is no longer unknown.Many children there do not have enough food to eat and clothes to wear. They study in old and dank classrooms and other facilities are also in bad condition. This circumstance is also not an exception for Lung Luong, a village with the most difficult access of Thuong Nung Commune in Thai Nguyen Province. Lung Luong also faces many other obstacles: the path to the village is extremely rough and the width is only two metres. There is a lot of sloping area in the mountain- being even a little careless, people may slip and fall down very deep. Most of the Mong ethnic people live there and 90% of the households are poor. In that context,improving health care and education for children becomes a difficult task to solve.

Lung Luong elementary school is located on a rugged peak of a mountain. Before, a school project was sponsored by the "Poor Students Fund" but the building was only in temporary condition with torn canvas preventing cold draught in the winter. The foundation of the classes was made from soil, the wall out of pallets, the roof covered by fibro cement and gables were surrounded by bamboo wattle.Especially when there was heavy rain and draught, it became piercingly cold.

Now, after two years of construction, Lung Luong elementary school newly appears like a fresh jungle flower in lively colours and with modern design language. The building has a strong visual effect: every angle brings different feelings and inspires children in class.

The goal of this project is to create a school with conveniences striving against the harsh nature. The design ensures standards of lighting, ventilation as well as sound insulation. The school has enough classrooms, multi- purpose rooms, medical room,library, kitchen, toilet and dormitory.

With the conception of a school being a mountain and a mountain being a school, we can see its chimney from every corner of the school. The classrooms are compatible with the mountain, spaces between them are slots which makes everything appears like an architectural picture pasted on the terrain. The corridor connects all functional areas. The foundation of the buildings respects the natural terrain which means that they wind up and down as the mountain path.

In order to not waste money as well as to increase the heat insulation, bricks were made of recycled soil from the site which was removed while making an even foundation. The material also allows a balanced climate indoors; the rooms stay cool in summer and warm in winter.

Like a colourful flower between the forest, Lung Luong elementary school is the most meaningful gift for the ethnic children. It is known that the "Poor Ethnic Student Fund" will continue to build other schools to continuously improve the learning environment and activities for the children of ethnic minorities.□

WA：建筑師和城市專家在項目中的作用是什么？

1+1>2建筑事務(wù)所（簡稱1+1>2）：建筑師的作用是溝通各種社會資源：贊助方、校委會領(lǐng)導、家長和當?shù)厝耍辉O(shè)計、施工、當?shù)夭牧?、傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的結(jié)合。

WA：最具創(chuàng)意和吸引力的解決方案是什么？

1+1>2：通過挖基礎(chǔ)回收土，平整土地后在現(xiàn)場制作土磚，節(jié)約運輸成本，做到環(huán)境友好。

WA：這個過程中最困難的部分是什么？

1+1>2：困難材料的運輸，要跨過3條小溪、翻越很多高坡。極端天氣、暴雨會影響施工。

WA：社區(qū)和人們的反饋是怎樣的？

1+1>2：作為一個慈善項目，贏得了當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)積極的支持。人們參與其中，為設(shè)計和施工的過程以及建筑的管理和保護貢獻力量。

WA：這個項目是如何提高人們生活質(zhì)量的？

1+1>2：項目對改善當?shù)亟逃鞒隽藰O大貢獻。不再有人輟學。師生都有宿舍。這里的社區(qū)也改變了建房的思維方式，不再砍伐森林中的樹木。如今，他們能夠做自己的磚來蓋房子——保護大自然。這個建筑啟發(fā)了社區(qū)，改變了在偏遠地區(qū)設(shè)計建造學校的想法，有助于調(diào)動新的資源來支持社區(qū)?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

4 模型/Model

5 鳥瞰/Aerial view

6 首層平面/Ground floor plan

7 圖示/Diagram

WA: What is the role of the architects and urban experts in the projects?

1+1>2 Architects: The architects play the role of connecting social resources: donors, school board leaders,parents and local people. Design, construction works,combination of local materials, traditional – modern.

WA: What is the most creative and attractive solution?

1+1>2: Recycled land from digging foundation,leveling soil to make earth-bricks in place, saving transportation costs, environmentally friendly.

WA: What was the most difficult part in the process?

1+1>2: Transportation of difficult materials, over 3 streams and through many high slope passes. Extreme weather such as heavy rain affected construction.

WA: What is the feedback from the people and the community?

1+1>2: As a charitable project, with the active support of the local community, they participate,contribute to the process of design, construction as well as management and protection of the works.

WA: How did this project improve the quality of the people's lives?

1+1>2: The project has made a great contribution to improving local education. No longer dropping out,students and teachers have dormitories to stay. The community here has changed the way of thinking about building houses, instead of cutting down wood in the woods. Now, they can produce their own bricks to build houses. Protect the nature. Works inspire community and change the thinking about design and building schools in remote areas. which contributed to mobilising new resources to support communities.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 鳳凰基金會/Phoenix Foundation

地點/Location: 隆良村，常農(nóng)公社，武崖縣，太原省，越南/Lung Luong Village, Thuong Nung Commune, Vo Nhai District, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

負責建筑師/Architect in Charge: Hoang Thuc Hao, Son Vu,Tran Hong Nam

工程師/Engineer: Nguyen Gia Phong

場地面積/Site Area: 4035m2

建筑面積/Construction Area: 1413m2

攝影/Photos: Son Vu

8 外景/Exterior view

9 土坯磚墻做法/Earth block wall process

10 剖面與立面/Section and elevation

評論

何崴：一個輕松有趣的設(shè)計，建筑師使用在地的材料，低技術(shù)完成了一個功能齊備的建筑。S形的空間布局使建筑體之間，建筑與環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系變得多元；在不同位置，使用者可以獲得不同的視覺感受。彩鋼板的運用在節(jié)省造價的同時也為建筑增添了一抹色彩，天花使用了竹子格柵緩解了彩鋼板的粗陋感，使建筑看上去更為舒適。

鮑威：本案在材料、建造、功能、場地等各方面的處理都相當謙虛樸素，誠實地反映了所在環(huán)境的真實性。建筑體量與地形結(jié)合，采用了分散式的布局方式，但又由統(tǒng)一的屋頂與廊道系統(tǒng)整合，創(chuàng)造出了連續(xù)豐富的檐下空間。這些空間充滿了趣味性，為小朋友們提供了即興的活動場地，甚至激發(fā)他們對空間認知的啟蒙。房子圍護結(jié)構(gòu)的粘土磚原材料、屋頂下表面的飾面竹材等取自于當?shù)兀黾恿隧椖康摹霸诘匦浴薄?/p>

Comments

HE Wei: It is a comfortable and interesting design.The architects utilised local materials and low-tech construction methods to accomplish a fully functional building. The S-shape spatial arrangement enriches the relationship between building and building, building and environment. The visual experience of users changes according to different locations. The use of colour steel plates ensures the low cost while endows the architecture with a colourful feature. The bamboo ceiling covers the roughness of the colour steel plate,making the architecture more enjoyable to look at.(Translated by ZHANG Jingqiu)

BAO Wei: The scheme is quite modest and plain by all means including material, construction, function,site, etc., which truly reflects the authenticity of its surrounding environment. The construction body is combined with the topography, based on a separated layout but systematically integrated with the corridor under the unified roof, which creates a consecutive and profound space beneath the eaves. Full of fun, these spaces provide the improvisational activity area for children that could even stimulate their enlightenment to space recognition. The raw material of the clay bricks applied on the house enclosing structure and the decorative bamboo material on the surface beneath the roof are all obtained from the local area, which enhances the "locality" of the project.

11 外景/Exterior views

10 外景/Exterior views

13 外景/Exterior views

14 內(nèi)景/Interior view