李格利

閱讀七選五主要考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯的理解和掌握。在一篇約300詞的短文中留出5個(gè)空白，要求考生從所給的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

除2017年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷是記敘文外，其余均為說(shuō)明文。歷年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷的七選五的選項(xiàng)一般為完整句且句末用句號(hào)，但2018年卻有兩空不是完整句子，而是從句，空格后為逗號(hào)，因此，七個(gè)選項(xiàng)均無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)，且有三個(gè)為從句。選項(xiàng)一般由短到長(zhǎng)依次排列。

解題步驟

第一步，略讀全文，理清文脈， 把握主旨。

在做七選五閱讀時(shí)，首先要略讀全文，特別是首尾段，大小標(biāo)題或每段的首尾句，大致弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握文章的中心或主旨，明確解題的大致方向。進(jìn)行語(yǔ)篇分析時(shí)，一是分析段落之間的層次；二是分析每個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次。

第二步，重點(diǎn)閱讀前后句，劃出關(guān)鍵詞。

重點(diǎn)閱讀空格附近的句子，特別是空格前一句或后一句，因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定答案的主要依據(jù)。閱讀前后句時(shí)，要圈定重點(diǎn)詞，特別是名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞。

第三步，對(duì)比各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，有詞重復(fù)重點(diǎn)看。

在閱讀完空格前后句之后，接著瀏覽各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，凡發(fā)現(xiàn)與前后句有相同詞語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)，包括有同根詞、同義詞的選項(xiàng)，很可能是答案，需格外重視，可將其代入檢驗(yàn)是否為正確答案。

如發(fā)現(xiàn)空格前后句或選項(xiàng)中有代詞，要弄清指代對(duì)象，根據(jù)指代關(guān)系確定正確選項(xiàng)。

此外，要根據(jù)空格前后句或選項(xiàng)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，意義上的前后銜接來(lái)確定正確選項(xiàng)。

第四步，劃掉正確選項(xiàng)，縮小選擇范圍。

每選出一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)后，在七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中將其劃掉，為其余各題縮小選擇范圍。

如果有題目拿不準(zhǔn)，不要把寶貴的時(shí)間耗在一道題上，在一棵樹(shù)上吊死。先放過(guò)此題，繼續(xù)往下做，把容易的題目做完，再返回來(lái)攻克難題。此時(shí)的備選項(xiàng)已經(jīng)縮小范圍，選擇起來(lái)難度自然小得多。

第五步，代入原文，復(fù)讀短文，核對(duì)答案。

做完所有題目后，為了保證答案的正確性，一定要把答案代入原文，進(jìn)行核對(duì)檢查?？磧?nèi)容上、邏輯上是否通順連貫。

解題微技能

在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，正確理解了這些句子后，根據(jù)意思的連貫性、邏輯性或者線索詞從選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案。具體有以下幾個(gè)微技能。

1. 根據(jù)代詞指代解題

當(dāng)選項(xiàng)或者空格前后出現(xiàn)代詞，一定要重視，往往是解題的超級(jí)線索。出現(xiàn)代詞，就說(shuō)明前文中有代詞指代的具體人或事物。利用這一線索，解答題目就相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單。如：

（2017年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷） 39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently， we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom， a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

F. After the trip， my family became quite interested in camping.

G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.

解析：空格后句中有代詞we和it兩個(gè)代詞，分別指什么？其指代內(nèi)容一定在前文，即該空的正確選項(xiàng)中。瀏覽各選項(xiàng)，只有選項(xiàng)F正確，因?yàn)閣e指代my family，it指代camping，其余選項(xiàng)找不到與we和it都能匹配的內(nèi)容。

2. 根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)解題

如果選項(xiàng)后是逗號(hào)，其后是句子且句前又沒(méi)有連詞，正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是從句或短語(yǔ)。如：

（2018年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Over the years， there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 ， they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home： the small ones， the medium ones， and the large ones.

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever youre looking for

C. If youre experimenting with a color

解析：本題后是逗號(hào)，其后為句子且沒(méi)有連詞，正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是短語(yǔ)或從句。七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A， B， C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合，據(jù)此大大縮小范圍。再根據(jù)代詞指代，選項(xiàng)A中的them替代空格前句中的a number of different techniques，且“雖然所有這些技巧都有用，但是他們變得有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜?！闭Z(yǔ)意銜接，邏輯通順。

3. 根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)同現(xiàn)解題

“詞可以在一個(gè)共同概念的支配下結(jié)合在一起形成一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)”。語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)中詞與詞之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系是相互依存的。意義上相關(guān)的詞匯出現(xiàn)在同一語(yǔ)篇中，構(gòu)成以某一話題為中心的詞匯鏈，因其有共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性，叫詞匯同現(xiàn)。如：

（2014年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids， “What ingredients（配料）can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？”And then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？ What could we try next time？

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we cant forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

解析：根據(jù)該空后的What ingredients（配料） can we add to make these pancakes even better next time （下次我們可以添加什么配料來(lái)讓這些薄煎餅更好吃呢）可知，ingredients（配料）和pancakes與cook有關(guān)， 故選A（鼓勵(lì)孩子跟你一起烹飪）。

4. 根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。

詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)是保證前后銜接的一種重要手段，詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)可以是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，也可能是近義復(fù)現(xiàn)或同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。而前后語(yǔ)義銜接正是七選五閱讀的重要考點(diǎn)之一。因此，可利用詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)來(lái)解題。如：

（2018年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas， dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones， and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

E. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure， because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

解析：在E， F和G三項(xiàng)中，G項(xiàng)里跟空后句都有small ones，原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，很可能就是答案，將其代入空格，“在這個(gè)范圍里選擇顏色，已在the small ones的基礎(chǔ)上提高了”“它們要求比small ones有更大的投入，它們對(duì)空間的感覺(jué)有更大的影響”，前后語(yǔ)義銜接，故選G項(xiàng)?！案笸度搿薄案笥绊憽迸c選項(xiàng)G的two major ways也相吻合。

5. 根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞解題

通常，英語(yǔ)的句段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示過(guò)渡和銜接，讓文章的條理更清楚、邏輯更連貫，因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號(hào)詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索。以下三類為常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，請(qǐng)大家一定要背熟：

（1）并列與遞進(jìn)：and， or， also，neither...nor， either... or， likewise， similarly， equally， in the same way， that is to say ， as well as， the same... as， besides， additionally， furthermore， moreover， in addition to， what is more等，以及表示列舉的one...the other， first...second...third， for one thing...and for another， on the one hand...on the other hand等。如：

（2013全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷） Planning in business management has three main aspects. One is the establishment（制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production； sales； the purchase of equipment， materials and supplies； and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management， organization has two main aspects.

解析：由前后的one...the third可知，空白處應(yīng)是the second，故選E項(xiàng)。

（2）表示因果：because， for， since， as， thus， hence， therefore， so， so that， consequently， accordingly， due to， thanks to， as a result， because of， in that， for this reason等。如：

（2013全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷）If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts， walk away！Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about. 54 . As far as were concerned， there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.

D. Check the rules about dos and donts

F. The one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleep

G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

解析：空白前句“你的頭腦里已經(jīng)充滿了你要講話的內(nèi)容”與選項(xiàng)G“所以再往頭腦里塞進(jìn)一套規(guī)則，那就更加糟糕了”是因果關(guān)系，故選G項(xiàng)。

（3）轉(zhuǎn)折讓步：but， however， yet， on the contrary， by contrast， on the other hand， unfortunately， while， whereas， unlike， rather than， instead of， it is true that， although， though， even though， even if， nevertheless， despite， in spite of等。如：

（2017年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping， I would have laughed heartily. Campers， in my eyes， were people who enjoyed insect bites， ill-cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 .

B. Things are going to be improved.

C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.

D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then， however.

解析：本段第一句是“啟”，第二三句是“承”，這里應(yīng)是“轉(zhuǎn)”，故選D，“然后，自那之后我卻對(duì)野營(yíng)了解了許多”，這也與后文所述內(nèi)容相符。

以上列舉了五個(gè)微技能，事實(shí)上，還有一些微技能，如根據(jù)空白處的位置不同也會(huì)有不同的解題方法，這些都需同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的解題過(guò)程中不斷總結(jié)。

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青