陳曉佳 李紅玲 林巧輝 丁友玲
摘 要 目的:對(duì)應(yīng)用細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素檢測(cè)試劑盒(終點(diǎn)顯色基質(zhì)法)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱為“試劑盒”)檢測(cè)細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素中的不同血清樣本處理方法進(jìn)行比較。方法:在10名健康志愿者的血清中外加細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素,然后分別采用高氯酸法、新高氯酸法、堿試劑法和高溫稀釋法進(jìn)行處理,最后用試劑盒檢測(cè),計(jì)算細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素回收率并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果:4種血清樣本處理方法的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素回收率均在一般鱟試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)法要求的范圍內(nèi)(50% ~ 200%),但它們?cè)谕N外加細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素濃度下的回收率間均存在顯著差異(均P<0.001)。對(duì)含不同外加細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素濃度的血清樣本,除堿試劑法的回收率間沒(méi)有顯著差異外,其余3種處理方法的回收率間也均存在顯著差異(均P=0.001)。結(jié)論:對(duì)試劑盒檢測(cè),選用堿試劑法處理血清樣本的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素回收率更適宜且穩(wěn)定性更好,檢測(cè)細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素的準(zhǔn)確性更高。堿試劑法應(yīng)用作試劑盒檢測(cè)的首選血清樣本處理方法。
中圖分類號(hào):R446.112 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2018)21-0007-05
Study on the methods for the treatment of serum sample in clinical bacterial endotoxin test
CHEN Xiaojia*, LI Hongling, LIN Qiaohui, DING Youling**
(Fuzhou Xinbei Biochemical Industrial Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350101, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the different methods for the treatment of serum samples with clinical bacterial endotoxin test kit (end-point chromogenic method) (hereinafter referred to as “test kit”). Methods: Endotoxin was added into the serum samples from ten healthy people and then the samples were treated by different methods such as perchloric acid and its improved type, alkali reagent and high-temperature dilution, respectively. The recovery of endotoxin was calculated and statistically analyzed after determination with the test kit. Results: The spike recovery of endotoxin in the samples treated with different methods were within the range required by the general limulus test method (50%-200%). However, there were significant differences in the spike recoveries when the same concentrations of spiked endotoxin were added into the samples treated by different methods (P<0.001). There were also significant differences in the spike recoveries when different concentrations of spiked endotoxin were added into the samples treated with the methods other than alkali reagent (P
3 討論
感染性疾病是一類臨床常見(jiàn)疾病,主要包括革蘭陰性菌感染、革蘭陽(yáng)性菌感染、真菌感染、病毒感染和寄生蟲(chóng)感染等。我國(guó)每年的感染性疾病患者數(shù)達(dá)2億人次,其中革蘭陰性菌感染占比較大。革蘭陰性菌細(xì)胞壁的主要組分為脂多糖,即細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素,在大部分革蘭陰性菌感染患者的血液中均可檢出細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素。
細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素除引起發(fā)熱外,還可引起血管擴(kuò)張、血管通透性增加、中粒性細(xì)胞增多和血壓下降等,細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素血癥則可引起機(jī)體微循環(huán)障礙、急性肺損傷、急性呼吸窘迫綜合征、彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血、休克和全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征等[13],其中全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征尚可能誘發(fā)多臟器功能障礙綜合征和多臟器功能衰竭,也易導(dǎo)致繼發(fā)性感染發(fā)生,從而加重患者的病情。人感染革蘭陰性菌后,其血液中往往可檢出有一定含量的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素。根據(jù)血液中細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素的含量可間接判斷是否為革蘭陰性菌感染,尤其有利于革蘭陰性菌感染的早期診斷。目前,血細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)和鑒定是菌血癥病原診斷學(xué)的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,但通常需3 d(對(duì)少數(shù)病原菌甚至需更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)才能獲得結(jié)果,而細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素檢測(cè)具有快捷、更易操作的優(yōu)勢(shì),在樣本送檢數(shù)小時(shí)后即可獲得檢測(cè)結(jié)果,進(jìn)而幫助早期診斷和正確治療革蘭陰性菌感染[14]。細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素檢測(cè)對(duì)臨床診治革蘭陰性菌感染具有重要意義[15]。
人血清中含有許多蛋白酶、凝血因子和球蛋白等,它們會(huì)對(duì)鱟試劑與細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素的反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生干擾,從而影響檢測(cè)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。因此,在用試劑盒檢測(cè)細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素前須先對(duì)人血清樣本進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚?。從本研究結(jié)果可以看出,4種血清樣本處理方法的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素回收率間均存在顯著差異(均P<0.001)。其中,高氯酸法的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素回收率為56% ~ 72%,新高氯酸法的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素回收率為65% ~ 82%,它們雖均符合一般鱟試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)法對(duì)回收率的要求(50% ~ 200%)[16],但數(shù)值偏低,這是由于強(qiáng)酸處理會(huì)不同程度地破壞細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)[17],從而降低細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素回收率。此外,高氯酸法和新高氯酸法在3種不同外加細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素濃度下的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素回收率間也均存在顯著差異(均P