国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

浙江新高考英語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫的技巧問(wèn)題

2018-12-04 10:07張利平
文教資料 2018年22期
關(guān)鍵詞:讀后續(xù)寫技巧

張利平

摘 要: 讀后續(xù)寫是浙江新高考的一種寫作新題型,是將閱讀和寫作緊密聯(lián)系的考查方式,旨在考查學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,本文就如何提高讀后續(xù)寫提高技巧。

關(guān)鍵詞: 讀后續(xù)寫 融洽度 技巧

一、引言

自2016年以來(lái),浙江省采納了新的高考形式,英語(yǔ)寫作也進(jìn)行了改革,比分由原來(lái)的30分增加到了40分,形式也發(fā)生了變化且由1篇增為2篇。其中一篇為應(yīng)用文寫作,另一篇為概要寫作或讀后續(xù)寫。讀后續(xù)寫向考生提供一篇350字以內(nèi)的閱讀材料,要求考生根據(jù)所提供的閱讀材料、所給的畫線關(guān)鍵詞及段落開頭語(yǔ)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫,寫出一篇150字左右,與原材料內(nèi)容銜接、情節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)完整且合乎邏輯,語(yǔ)言連貫并與原文融洽度高的短文。所提供的材料通常為記敘文,因?yàn)橛洈⑽乃婕暗念}材通常更貼近生活,更富有趣味性,而且想象空間大,上下文連貫性強(qiáng),難度更符合高中生的語(yǔ)言水平。

讀后續(xù)寫是將閱讀和寫作緊密聯(lián)系的考查方式,旨在考查學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。要寫好讀后續(xù)寫,學(xué)生不僅要抓住原文的主旨脈絡(luò)、語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、篇章結(jié)構(gòu),還要擁有豐富的想象力和邏輯思維能力,更要具有嫻熟的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,注意用詞結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性。

由于讀后續(xù)寫難度大,最能體現(xiàn)考生的英語(yǔ)寫作能力,到目前為止的幾次考試都考了讀后續(xù)寫,因此掌握讀后續(xù)寫的策略和技巧非常重要。

二、讀后續(xù)寫的策略

讀后續(xù)寫是比較新的寫作形式,掌握必要的技巧和策略很有必要。

(一)準(zhǔn)確理解原文,把握主題。

文章的主題或主旨是作者想要表達(dá)的中心思想,反映了他的寫作意圖,是全文的靈魂,貫穿全文的始末,統(tǒng)領(lǐng)故事的發(fā)展,是學(xué)生續(xù)寫的依據(jù)和方向。只有抓住原文的主題,續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容與原文主題才能相一致且合乎邏輯。否則續(xù)寫部分就會(huì)與前文不一致,從而偏題。學(xué)生一定要準(zhǔn)確理解所提供的材料,確保自己的理解與作者意圖表達(dá)的相一致。在續(xù)寫時(shí),要緊緊把握主題,使文章主題前后一致,高度融合。這就需要學(xué)生了解記敘文的常見主題并學(xué)會(huì)判斷主題。可以通過(guò)文章的標(biāo)題、背景、主要情節(jié)、首尾判斷,也可以從文章中的議論抒情句進(jìn)行推敲。

(二)理清人物事件及脈絡(luò)要點(diǎn)。

要續(xù)寫所提供的閱讀材料,必須理清文章的脈絡(luò)線索及人物事件,要對(duì)文中線索進(jìn)行有根據(jù)、合乎情理又合乎邏輯的創(chuàng)造性推測(cè),把故事續(xù)寫下去。要抓住一篇記敘文的脈絡(luò)要點(diǎn),通常可從記敘文六要素著手,即:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事情的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)、結(jié)果,也就是when,where,who,what,why,how。這樣可以了解故事的梗概,對(duì)文本的脈絡(luò)走向有個(gè)基本定位。通常情況下,前面4個(gè)要素已經(jīng)浮出水面,事情正處于發(fā)展中,懸念已經(jīng)浮現(xiàn)。學(xué)生需要找出閱讀文本中的懸念,并根據(jù)懸念發(fā)揮合理想象,順應(yīng)原文的情節(jié)發(fā)展進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),解開懸念,創(chuàng)作一個(gè)意料之外又情理之中的結(jié)局。

以下以改編自歐亨利的警察與贊美詩(shī)為例:

The winter ambition of the tramp, Soay was 3 months in Blackwell prison in the island. 3 months of assured board and bed and good company, safe from north winds seemed the most desirable thing to him.

Soapy entered a restaurant. He sat at a table and ate beefsteak and pie. And then he told the waiter he had no money.

“Go and call a cop,” said Soapy.

“No cop for you,” said the waiter. “Hey!”

Then Soapy found himself lying upon his left ear on the pavement. He arose with difficulty, and beat the dust from his clothes. Arrest seemed a rosy dream, which made Island seem far away.

When he saw a policeman standing in front of a glittering theatre, he thought of “disorderly conduct”. On the sidewalk Soapy began to sing drunken songs at the top of his voice. He danced, cried, and otherwise disturbed the peace.

The policeman turned his back to Soapy, and said to a citizen, “It is one of the Yale boys celebrating their football victory. Noisy, but no harm.”

Sadly, Soapy stopped his useless singing and dancing. The Island seemed unattainable. He buttoned his thin coat against the north wind.

In a cigar store he saw a well-dressed man who had set his silk umbrella by the door. Soapy entered the store, took the umbrella, and went out with it slowly. The man with the cigar followed hastily.

“My umbrella,” he said.

“Oh, is it?” said Soapy. “Well, why dont you call a policeman? There stands one on the corner.”

The umbrella owner slowed his steps. Soapy did likewise. The policeman looked at them curiously.

“Of course,” said the umbrella man, “well, you know how these mistakes occur…if its your umbrella I hope youll excuse me - I picked it up this morning in a restaurant - if its yours …”

“Of course its mine,” said Soapy.

The ex-umbrella man retreated. The policeman hurried to help a well-dressed woman across the street. Soapy threw the umbrella angrily. He was angry with the men. They seemed to regard him as a king who could do no wrong.

續(xù)寫部分如下:

At last Soapy stopped before an old church where the organist was playing a Sunday anthem. There came to Soapys ears sweet music that caught and held him at the iron fence. The moon was shining; cars and pedestrians were few; birds twittered sleepily under the roof. And the anthem that the organist played cemented Soapy to the iron fence, for he had known it well in the days when his life contained such things as mothers and roses and ambitions and friends.

The influence of the music and the church produced a sudden and wonderful change in Soapys soul. He thought of his degraded days, dead hopes and wrecked faculties. And also in a moment a strong impulse moved him to battle with his desperate fate. He would pull himself out of this pit; he would make a man out of himself again. Those sweet notes had set up a revolution in him. Tomorrow he would be somebody in the world! Sadly, it began to rain. Soapy went to pick up the umbrella he had thrown away. “Is that your umbrella?” asked a policeman. “Eh...” Soapy hesitated. “Then come along, thief.” said the policeman. Finally, Soapy was arrested for theft.

這篇續(xù)寫材料主要講述警察和Soapy之間的矛盾,懸念在于是否被警察抓了。范文圍繞這個(gè)懸念展開了合理的拓展,情節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)非常巧妙,主人公之前當(dāng)街奪傘沒(méi)事,最后卻因撿傘被抓,頗富戲劇性。續(xù)寫部分承接了故事的脈絡(luò),從原文中Soapy的違法與警察的不追究轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镾oapy的守法與警察的追究,結(jié)局出人意料又合乎情理,這種反轉(zhuǎn)體現(xiàn)出的黑色幽默令人回味無(wú)窮。

(三)根據(jù)段落開頭語(yǔ)確定續(xù)寫方向,根據(jù)畫線詞語(yǔ)確定細(xì)節(jié)。

找到懸念之后,并非可以天馬行空、隨心所欲地想象,學(xué)生還需要仔細(xì)閱讀后面兩個(gè)續(xù)寫段落的開頭語(yǔ),這兩句開頭語(yǔ)對(duì)續(xù)寫起著方向性的指引作用,又有限制作用。因此,在預(yù)測(cè)情節(jié)發(fā)展時(shí),必須緊跟原文內(nèi)容,緊密銜接段落開頭語(yǔ),才能保證續(xù)寫內(nèi)容的融洽度。學(xué)生通過(guò)研讀這兩句話,可大致預(yù)測(cè)出接下去會(huì)發(fā)生什么,而且第二段的開頭語(yǔ)往往隱含第一段的信息,所以第一段的續(xù)寫方向相對(duì)第二段會(huì)更明確。

以上文提及的范文為例。雖然圍繞Soapy是否如愿以償被警察抓走這個(gè)懸念,可以想象出無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)版本的故事結(jié)局。但是根據(jù)兩個(gè)段落開頭語(yǔ)可以預(yù)測(cè)出,第一段一定是Soapy被教堂的贊美詩(shī)吸引了,這樣才能銜接第二段的開頭語(yǔ),即贊美詩(shī)使他的心靈產(chǎn)生了變化。尋找懸念是打開思維,而閱讀開頭語(yǔ)則是聚攏思維的過(guò)程。

讀后續(xù)寫的畫線關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)續(xù)寫起著限制和引導(dǎo)的作用,所以,在預(yù)測(cè)了故事的大致走向之后,學(xué)生需要將這些關(guān)鍵詞結(jié)合到預(yù)測(cè)的情節(jié)中,勾勒出更加豐富的故事細(xì)節(jié)。

(四)注意語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性和豐富性。

情節(jié)構(gòu)思完成,細(xì)節(jié)敲定之后就是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的問(wèn)題。跟任何寫作一樣,讀后續(xù)寫要求語(yǔ)言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、流暢,上下文之間邏輯緊密,通順連貫,結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯豐富。這是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期積累的過(guò)程,但鑒于讀后續(xù)寫的特殊性,學(xué)生可以有意識(shí)地積累。

1.增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的豐富性

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法在讀后續(xù)寫中有著非常重要的作用。豐富準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)構(gòu)、句式對(duì)于讀后續(xù)寫起著重要的保障。學(xué)生可以整理提煉讀后續(xù)寫常用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),如分詞做壯語(yǔ),獨(dú)立主格,倒裝句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,虛擬語(yǔ)氣等,在平時(shí)寫作中要有意識(shí)地加以應(yīng)用,使得句式更豐富。

由于讀后續(xù)寫中大量涉及動(dòng)作,尤其是肢體動(dòng)作、情感及環(huán)境風(fēng)景等的描寫,平時(shí)要注意積累這方面的詞匯和表達(dá)。例如哭這個(gè)動(dòng)作,sob,weep,wail,tears well up in ones eyes,burst into tears都比cry形象生動(dòng)得多。此外,閱讀一些名著的簡(jiǎn)寫本或當(dāng)代小說(shuō),摘錄其中的相關(guān)句子加以背誦或者背誦一些美文佳句,運(yùn)用在續(xù)寫中,可以起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。

2.保持與原文在語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格上的一致性

既然是續(xù)寫,就應(yīng)該是一篇完整的記敘文,需要在各個(gè)語(yǔ)言層次的表達(dá)風(fēng)格上和原文保持一致,達(dá)到水乳交融的效果。由于所提供的續(xù)寫材料的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格各不相同,有的質(zhì)樸,有的華麗,有的歡快,有的憂傷。不同的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格會(huì)用不同的語(yǔ)言,學(xué)生在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中就要學(xué)會(huì)判斷原文的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格并進(jìn)行模仿,盡可能與原文用詞相仿,句式相近,語(yǔ)氣相通。總之,在續(xù)寫時(shí)要注意詞匯的不同時(shí)態(tài)搭配、用詞的新穎和變換及語(yǔ)氣的強(qiáng)弱,避免過(guò)于口語(yǔ)化的詞匯。

三、結(jié)語(yǔ)

雖然讀后續(xù)寫不像那些開放或半開放的作文有固定的句式或套路可循。但是,學(xué)生只要能夠準(zhǔn)確把握主題,抓住脈絡(luò)主線,合理拓展情節(jié),巧妙模仿原文的語(yǔ)言和細(xì)節(jié)描寫,就能寫出情節(jié)合理、內(nèi)容豐富及語(yǔ)言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確,結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯豐富且與原文融洽度高的文章。

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]劉慶思,陳康.關(guān)于一年兩考高考英語(yǔ)試卷中讀后續(xù)寫設(shè)計(jì)的研究[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2016(1).

[2]金建良.例談高中英語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫教學(xué)策略的四個(gè)維度第[J].基礎(chǔ)外語(yǔ)教育,2017(8).

[3]陳黎秋.高中英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐[J].教學(xué)研究,2017(10).

[4]蔣建君.高中英語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫的教學(xué)嘗試[J].英語(yǔ)教師,2016(7).

[5]張志純.高中英語(yǔ)進(jìn)階集訓(xùn)[M].北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社,2017.

[6]曾龔龔.浙江省新高考英語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫題型分析及教學(xué)策略探究[J].英語(yǔ)教師,2017(12).

猜你喜歡
讀后續(xù)寫技巧
肉兔短期增肥有技巧
網(wǎng)上點(diǎn)外賣的7個(gè)技巧
指正要有技巧
4個(gè)技巧快速消除頭上的飛發(fā)
新高考背景下高中英語(yǔ)以讀促寫的教學(xué)實(shí)踐
英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)提高記敘文讀后續(xù)寫能力策略
讀后續(xù)寫法在初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用初探
清河县| 来宾市| 炉霍县| 永平县| 兴国县| 寻甸| 河南省| 久治县| 横峰县| 桂林市| 桃园县| 清河县| 迁西县| 安福县| 江北区| 舒兰市| 含山县| 邳州市| 和顺县| 客服| 高雄县| 龙里县| 云浮市| 临邑县| 兴和县| 格尔木市| 北流市| 长乐市| 南木林县| 马鞍山市| 临潭县| 古田县| 阿拉尔市| 余江县| 江达县| 平湖市| 云南省| 乌鲁木齐市| 南康市| 仪征市| 手机|