俞吉吉

時光流轉(zhuǎn)，在漫長的歷史長河中，人類創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展了多姿多彩的文明。這些文明，我們在每一場展覽中都能窺見。

除了浙江省博物館精彩紛呈的展覽外，浙江美術(shù)館、中國絲綢博物館和南宋官窯博物館等博物館2019年推出的展覽同樣耀眼奪目。在展覽里，我們看到了不一樣的浙江。

浙江美術(shù)館 大展紀念開館十周年

今年，是吳冠中先生誕辰100周年，全國很多地方都在辦他的紀念展。然而，浙江美術(shù)館舉行的“我負丹青——紀念吳冠中誕辰100周年作品展”別有意義。展覽展出吳冠中及其家屬向浙江美術(shù)館捐贈的吳冠中油畫與墨彩畫、《云南行》速寫組畫與“漢字春秋”系列、吳冠中師友作品等藏品115件。

對于著名藝術(shù)家吳冠中，很多人并不陌生，卻也并不了解。正如他的兒子吳可雨對媒體所說，“今天，聽到吳冠中的名字，多數(shù)人第一反應(yīng)是：他的畫價最高。希望大家看完展覽，能真正了解吳冠中是一個什么樣的人，是一個怎樣的藝術(shù)家?！?/p>

這一點，跟吳冠中生前說的話不謀而合：“你們想念我，就到我的畫里找我，我就活在我的作品里?！?/p>

吳冠中先生畢業(yè)于杭州國立藝專，浙江是他的藝術(shù)萌發(fā)地，他把浙江稱為他的“藝術(shù)的第一故鄉(xiāng)”。2009年12月，吳冠中出于對母校的回報，對浙江深厚的藝術(shù)情愫，對浙江美術(shù)館藏品建設(shè)的支持，無償捐贈繪畫作品56件藝術(shù)藏品16件，為浙江增添了寶貴的藝術(shù)財富。2010年8月，吳冠中逝世。同年11月，浙江美術(shù)館舉辦“東西冠中——吳冠中大展”，他的兒子吳可雨又向浙江美術(shù)館捐贈吳冠中重要的48幅速寫作品《云南行》。

值得一提的是，這次展出的《云南行》48幅速寫組畫，是吳冠中于1978年到云南采風寫生創(chuàng)作的。在他的筆下，云南邊陲的山水人物、風土鄉(xiāng)情，得到了生動、鮮活和逼真的再現(xiàn)，體現(xiàn)了一位藝術(shù)大師善于捕捉素材、捕捉感受、捕捉構(gòu)思、捕捉構(gòu)圖而寫形寫神寫情的卓越藝術(shù)。是吳冠中藝術(shù)思想得到解放、煥發(fā)蓬勃生機的重要作品。

“我負丹青——紀念吳冠中誕辰100周年作品展”是浙江美術(shù)館為紀念開館十周年推出的展覽之一。除此之外，還有其他大展也相當不錯——

“紙上談繽——中華紙文化當代藝術(shù)展”：造紙術(shù)是中國古代四大發(fā)明之首，紙作為記錄人類文明發(fā)展的重要載體，始終伴隨著中華文化繁衍歷程并與其息息相關(guān)。該展覽圍繞“紙”這一歷史悠久的中國傳統(tǒng)文化介質(zhì)，深入闡釋“紙文化”在推進中華文明千載流變中的共生經(jīng)驗，洞察傳承意蘊。

展覽以紙藝術(shù)作品為視覺主體，從紙的物質(zhì)材料屬性與文化藝術(shù)屬性分別進行敘述，旨在詮釋當代藝術(shù)在中華傳統(tǒng)文化傳播流轉(zhuǎn)層面上的不懈努力與孜孜探索，反映當代藝術(shù)家對中華文明物質(zhì)遺產(chǎn)的守護與全新解讀。展覽特別邀請了梁銓、胡偉、陳琦、施慧、Bruno Walpoth（）、Ewa Latkowska（）、Fabio Lantinori（）、Chika Ohgi（）、Shin Ho Yoon（）等近40位國內(nèi)外知名藝術(shù)家，為觀眾帶來全新作品，既有架上、雕塑作品，也有裝置、影像等豐富的新媒介藝術(shù)語言創(chuàng)作的作品。

“心相·萬象——大航海時代的浙江精神”：展覽以大航海時代的中外交流史為考量背景，精選120余件（）明代與清初時期浙籍及旅浙精英人物創(chuàng)作的書法、繪畫作品及相關(guān)的文獻史料、木刻古籍為主要展品，觀照15至17世紀浙江與海外的各種交流。展品包括首次走出南京博物院的《坤輿萬國全圖》、王陽明《草書七言詩》、獨立性易《養(yǎng)生銘》、東皋心越《竹石花鳥圖》、黃宗羲《與鄭梁書》、“秦淮才女”柳如是《奉送兵憲沁州王公泊翁老祖臺容擢濟南大參敘》、徐渭《易窯譜》等等重要的明代古籍文獻、書畫作品。

中國絲綢博物館 行走于傳統(tǒng)和時尚之間

“這家博物館認真起來，都沒有其他網(wǎng)紅‘打卡地什么事兒！”網(wǎng)友口中的博物館正是位于杭州玉皇山腳下的中國絲綢博物館（）。這座看起來十分摩登的建筑里典藏了上下五千年的服飾文化，記載著從中國發(fā)源的絲綢之路的點點滴滴。

時尚范十足的國絲館推出了醞釀兩年的Dior大展，一時間吸引不少年輕潮人前往觀看。作為國絲館首次收費展，“迪奧的迪奧Dior by Dior（1947～1957）”聚焦迪奧先生在任11年內(nèi)的創(chuàng)作生涯，通過總計100余件高級訂制時裝、配飾、面料、刺繡小樣和設(shè)計手稿，配以印刷出版物及影像資料，帶領(lǐng)觀眾領(lǐng)略迪奧先生的時尚美學，重返高級時裝的黃金年代。

與市面上很多的迪奧展不同，本次展覽除了聚焦迪奧先生在任11年內(nèi)的成就外，也聚焦了那些大師之作的幕后英雄們，如工匠、紡織工人等，講述了他們?nèi)绾纬删土诉@個享譽世界的時尚品牌且經(jīng)久不衰。

堅守傳統(tǒng)工藝，弘揚優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，是中國絲綢博物館的一大標簽。“梅里云裳：中韓合作嘉興王店出土明代服飾修復(fù)與復(fù)原展”展出了中韓合作修復(fù)的以李湘之妾徐氏墓（M4）出土服飾為主的明代女式服飾，還有多件服裝的復(fù)原件及制作工藝。明代的對襟上衣、大袖衫、紗裙、綢褲……綾羅綢緞在這里是褪色的歲月，也有了現(xiàn)代的靚麗闡釋。絲絲入扣，經(jīng)緯交織，梅影現(xiàn)兮;銀針飛走，彩線納繡，云裳飄兮。歷時6年，中韓攜手復(fù)原明代服飾，再現(xiàn)了古人著裝。

中韓兩國相距甚近，曾幾何時，中國明朝和韓國朝鮮王朝之間的文化交流是如此密切，衣冠服飾是如此相似。同期亮相時裝館的“一衣帶水：韓國傳統(tǒng)服飾與織物展”很好地再現(xiàn)了兩國一衣帶水的歷史淵源和深厚情誼。

展覽展出韓國傳統(tǒng)文化大學纖維專業(yè)師生通過考證復(fù)制的14～20世紀韓國服裝和紡織品115件，其中“傳統(tǒng)服飾”板塊展示了韓國傳統(tǒng)服飾50余套/件，分王室服飾、禮服等七個系列;“傳統(tǒng)織物”板塊展示了應(yīng)用韓國國家級紡織非物質(zhì)文化技藝制作的“春布”、近期研究復(fù)原的已失傳的織金、羅、紋緞、紋綾等復(fù)原織物及介紹現(xiàn)代機器織造生產(chǎn)的各類韓國服裝面料。

這些韓國傳統(tǒng)服飾及紡織品，如此集中地在中國的博物館內(nèi)展出，在國內(nèi)還是首次。

南宋官窯博物館 再現(xiàn)杭城70年考古史

今天的杭州，是傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代交融的中國江南山水城市的典范，是五湖四海來客心的人間天堂，是每一位杭州人魂牽夢縈的故鄉(xiāng)。當我們沉醉其中時，是否會遐想：百年前，千年前，亦或是萬年前，這片土地又是什么模樣？

南宋官窯博物館的“發(fā)現(xiàn)杭州——新中國成立70周年杭州地區(qū)考古成果展”集中展示新中國成立后杭州地區(qū)專業(yè)系統(tǒng)考古取得的豐碩成果。500余件展品的超大規(guī)模，還原了歷史的真實面貌;從史前到明清，跨度巨大;覆蓋杭州全域考古項目的廣闊視角，書寫大杭州的城市演進史。

70年來，杭州考古人在城市建設(shè)與文物保護的雙重職責下，奔波于一個又一個發(fā)掘現(xiàn)場：良渚玉器與良渚文化遺址、“中華第一舟”與跨湖橋文化遺址、蕭山水漾塢六朝墓、吳越國王錢氏家族墓、南宋臨安皇城遺址、元代朝暉路窖藏、明代洪武窖藏、清代行宮遺址……老中青三代考古人書寫下這座城市的成長史。

器物無聲，背后的故事耐人尋味。

展覽中的越窯青瓷摩羯魚杯是一件彌足珍貴的器物，去年在吳山廣場地鐵建設(shè)的工地上破土而出。它頭部雖已破損，但擁有罕見的器型，而且工藝精致、刻畫生動，有人說它是杯子，有人說它是燈具，有人說它是北宋時期的酒具，謎團尚待揭曉。

這里還展現(xiàn)了浙江最大錢幣窖藏的發(fā)現(xiàn)史。2010年的一天，在杭州蔣村的一處建筑工地上，施工人員無意中挖出不少古錢幣，引起眾人哄搶。經(jīng)過搶救性發(fā)掘，至今為止浙江最大的錢幣窖藏出現(xiàn)了。這處窖藏出土了總計37萬余枚古幣，涵蓋110多個品種，跨越西漢至明代1500多年。

龍泉窯青瓷帶鋦釘蓮瓣碗是出土于南宋德壽宮遺址的“馬蝗絆”，鋦釘?shù)哪甏冗@次在浙江省博物館展出的日本那件國寶器“馬蝗絆”更早。

從吳山廣場到蔣村，從桃源嶺到臨安城，從百井坊到密渡橋……在這場琳瑯滿目的展覽中，你會看到很多熟悉的地名。你還會忍不住驚嘆，原來腳踩的這片土地下，藏著如此豐富的過去，那是你以往沒有留心過的杭州。

In 2019， the museums in Hangzhou have held a series of exhibitions. Zhejiang Museum has held some heavy-weight exhibitions in celebration of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the museum. Zhejiang Art Museum， China National Silk Museum， Southern Song Imperial Kiln Museum and other museums in Hangzhou also held series of exhibitions. These exhibitions add up to form a big picture of the provinces history， culture， and tradition.

Zhejiang Art Museum

The year 2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Wu Guanzhong （1919-2010）， one of the best known artists of China in modern times. Exhibitions have been held across the country to honor the master， but the exhibition from August 9 to September 8， 2019 in Hangzhou was special. On display were 115 artworks in three sections： Wus oil paintings and colored ink paintings， Wus 48 sketches done on his 1978 trip to Yunnan， and works by Wus friends and students.

In December 2009， Wu Guanzhong donated 56 artworks created by himself and artworks by others in his collection to Zhejiang Museum. In November 2010， three months after Wu passed away， his son Wu Keyu donated the 48 sketches about Yunnan to Zhejiang Museum. “I dont want my father to be remembered as an artist whose artworks are sold at astronomical prices，” emphasized the son at the launching ceremony of the exhibition in 2019. “I hope you can understand what kind of person my father was and what kind of artist my father was after you view the exhibition.”

China National Silk Museum

It is only natural for Hangzhou to have this national museum， for silk originated in Zhejiang as testified by archaeological findings. Zhejiang is a key part of Chinas Silk Road that crossed the nation and reached the other parts of the world for thousands of years. The museum has a huge following on the internet. It is one of the must-visit spots for thousands and thousands of fans. China National Silk Museum is by no means a place where ancient silk products are stored， exhibited and studied. The museum is engaged in many activities that point to a future when silk will continue to play a key part in human life. Part of the space of the museum is dedicated to modern fashions.

In September， ， an exhibition started at the museum. The exhibition will be closed in January 2020. The exhibition honors Christian Dior （1905-1957）， a French couturier noted for his innovative fashions. The exhibition focuses on the 11 years from 1947 when Dior as a fashion house came into being to 1957 when the couturier passed away. Also on display are works by backstage heroes such as craftspeople and textile workers who contributed to the glory of Dior.

Another big event at the museum was? from March 15 to May 5， 2019.

The exhibition was all about the gloss and glory of womens silk fashion of a family living in the Ming Dynasty （1368-1644） of China restored by Chinese and Korean antiquarians who worked in partnership. Most of the exhibits were selected from the archaeological findings from the tomb of the Xu-surnamed concubine of Li Xiang， a man from an influential clan living in present-day Wangdian Town in Jiaxing， Zhejiang Province. The findings from the tomb of one of Lis concubines were shipped to Hangzhou， where textile conservators of the China National Silk Museum and the Korean National University of Cultural Heritage of South Korea started a restoration project in partnership. The restoration of two of the unearthed silk pieces took six years to complete. The result is two immaculate pieces elaborately adorned with embroidered patterns. Visitors found it hard to imagine how the dust-laden silk fragments from about 500 years ago could be put together again. Behind the virtuosity is a wide range of preservation techniques and expertise for all types of media and material.

Southern Song Imperial Kiln Museum

The museum in Hangzhou testifies to some historical facts： the Southern Song Dynasty （1127-1279） was housed in present-day in Hangzhou and the imperial kilns produced finest porcelain pieces for the royal house.

On September 27， the museum unveiled a retrospection on the archaeological discoveries in the past seven decades. The exhibition is going on until March 29， 2020.

As modern Hangzhou has been experiencing massive urbanization on the strength of booming economic and social growth in the past 40 years， an incredibly large quantity of precious cultural relics have been unearthed. More than 500 exhibits testify to the past glory of the city. The city not only served as the capital of the Southern Song but also the capital of the Wuyue Kingdom （907-978）. If we go further back， the city of the ancient Liangzhu Culture of 5，000 years ago has been found in a suburb of Hangzhou. The archaeological investigation is still going on. Further back in time， a canoe was unearthed in 2002 at the 8，000-year-old Kuahuqiao site. It is the most ancient canoe ever found in the world. One day in 2010， some workers at a construction site in Hangzhou stumbled into a huge underground hoard of ancient coins. Eventually archaeologists unearthed more than 370，000 coins. The coins are registered into 110 different categories and indicate a period of 1，500 years from the Western Han （206BC-8AD） to the Ming （1368-1644）. It is the biggest hoard ever found in the province.