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PET/CT顯像在卵巢癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移中的應(yīng)用效果

2019-05-28 11:30伍日照黃斌豪鄒偉強(qiáng)
中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2019年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:卵巢癌

伍日照 黃斌豪 鄒偉強(qiáng)

[摘要]目的 為了提高臨床對(duì)卵巢癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移的檢出率,分析PET/CT顯像在卵巢癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 選取2016年7月~2017年7月在本院手術(shù)治療且術(shù)后病理診斷為卵巢癌的47例患者作為研究對(duì)象,所有患者均在術(shù)后隨訪過(guò)程中行PET/CT檢查和常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查(如CT、超聲等),并經(jīng)再次手術(shù)后病理學(xué)檢查、多種影像學(xué)檢查和臨床隨訪而確診術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)或轉(zhuǎn)移,比較PET/CT檢查與常規(guī)檢查方法的敏感性、特異性、準(zhǔn)確性及術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移或復(fù)發(fā)患者血清中的CA125水平檢出陽(yáng)性率。結(jié)果 PET/CT顯像對(duì)卵巢癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移灶檢測(cè)的敏感性、特異性、準(zhǔn)確性分別為80.13%、79.55%、83.22%,高于常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查的68.55%、58.65%、63.86%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移或復(fù)發(fā)患者血清中CA125水平升高者37例(78.72%),PET/CT顯像陽(yáng)性率為94.59%(35/37),高于常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查的78.38%(29/37),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 卵巢癌術(shù)后考慮復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移的患者行PET/CT顯像檢測(cè)較常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查方法具有準(zhǔn)確性高、敏感性好、特異性強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),對(duì)于同時(shí)伴有血清CA125升高的患者,應(yīng)用PET/CT檢測(cè)其靈敏度顯著高于常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查方法,值得臨床應(yīng)用。

[關(guān)鍵詞]PET/CT顯像;卵巢癌;術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移;常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R817.4 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)4(c)-0112-03

Application of PET/CT imaging in recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer after operation

WU Ri-zhao HUANG Bin-hao ZOU Wei-qiang DUAN Xiao-bei QIN Gui-lin ZHOU Jin-jun WU Yue-e

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Guangdong Province, Jiangmen 529000, China

[Abstract] Objective In order to improve the detection rate of recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer after operation, and to analyze the application effect of PET/CT imaging in recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer after operation. Methods A total of 47 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital from July 2016 to July 2017 were selected as the study subjects. All patients underwent PET/CT examination and routine imaging examination (such as CT, ultrasound, etc.) during the follow-up period, and were confirmed to have recurrence or metastasis after reoperation by pathological examination, multiple imaging examinations and clinical follow-up. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive rate of serum CA125 level in patients with metastasis or recurrence after operation were compared by PET/CT and routine methods. Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET/CT imaging in detecting recurrence and metastasis of ovarian cancer after operation were 80.13%, 79.55% and 83.22% respectively, which were higher than 68.55%, 58.65% and 63.86% of routine imaging examination (P<0.05). Serum CA125 level increased in 37 patients with metastasis or recurrence after operation (78.72%), the positive rate of imaging was 94.59% (35/37), which was higher than 78.38% (29/37) of routine imaging examination, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion PET/CT imaging for patients with ovarian cancer considering recurrence and metastasis after operation has the advantages of higher accuracy, better sensitivity and specificity than routine imaging examination. For patients with elevated serum CA125, it should be used. The sensitivity of PET/CT is significantly higher than that of conventional imaging methods, which is worthy of clinical application.

[Key words] PET/CT imaging; Ovarian cancer; Recurrence and metastasis after surgery; Routine imaging examination

卵巢癌是臨床發(fā)生率和死亡率相對(duì)較高的婦科惡性腫瘤之一,近年來(lái)有逐年年輕化的趨勢(shì),而最新統(tǒng)計(jì)表明,早期診斷率相對(duì)較低是導(dǎo)致患者治療效果欠佳的主要原因[1-2]。以往臨床主要通過(guò)檢測(cè)血清CA125水平來(lái)行病情監(jiān)測(cè)和預(yù)后評(píng)估,但由于部分良性疾病也會(huì)伴有不同程度的血清CA125水平上升,因此很容易出現(xiàn)誤診和漏診[3]。正電子發(fā)射體層攝影術(shù)(PET)/CT是近幾年臨床常用的新興影像技術(shù),其將解剖形態(tài)學(xué)影像和功能影響有機(jī)融合,清晰反映了患者體內(nèi)腫瘤在代謝方面的改變,為臨床早期準(zhǔn)確判定病情、評(píng)估預(yù)后提供可靠依據(jù)[4]。本研究選取47例手術(shù)治療且術(shù)后病理診斷為卵巢癌的患者作為研究對(duì)象,旨在探討PET/CT顯像在卵巢癌患者中的診斷價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料

選取2016年7月~2017年7月在本院手術(shù)治療且術(shù)后病理診斷為卵巢癌的47例患者作為研究對(duì)象,所有患者均在術(shù)后隨訪過(guò)程中行PET/CT檢查和常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查(如CT、超聲等),并經(jīng)再次手術(shù)后病理學(xué)檢查、多種影像學(xué)檢查和臨床隨訪而確診術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)或轉(zhuǎn)移?;颊吣挲g29~70歲,平均(45.6±6.1)歲;發(fā)病時(shí)間2~8個(gè)月,平均(3.6±1.1)個(gè)月;CA125水平上升37例,CA125水平正常10例。本研究已經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)同意并備案,所有患者及家屬知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。

1.2儀器與方法

所有患者均行正電子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層成像/計(jì)算機(jī)斷層成像,研究中用到的儀器為西門(mén)子公司生產(chǎn)的Biograph 64 PET/CT顯像儀,中心分辨率和軸向分辨率分別調(diào)整為4.8 mm和4.0 mm,應(yīng)用中國(guó)原子高科公司提供的18F-FDG,放化純度在95%以上。所有的患者在行PET/CT檢查前都必須禁食4 h以上,檢測(cè)前要行空腹血糖檢測(cè),并保證血糖控制在11.0 mmol/L以下。患者在操作間安靜休息狀態(tài)下給予顯影劑注射,注射的劑量控制在259~444 MBq之間,然后讓患者保持靜臥狀態(tài)40~60 min。將膀胱排空后行CT檢測(cè),電壓、電流分別設(shè)定為120 kV和90 mA,每轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間設(shè)定為0.8 s,層厚設(shè)定為3.75 mm,床速設(shè)定為22.5 mm/s。PET/CT屬于3D掃描,矩陣為128×128,窗位根據(jù)患者的身高通常采集6-7個(gè),單個(gè)采集時(shí)間約為3 min。圖像重建融合后再對(duì)PET圖像實(shí)施校正,然后和CT圖像進(jìn)行融合,從而取得多個(gè)層面(盆腔橫斷面、矢狀面等)以及全身的融合圖像。所有患者同時(shí)行常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查(如CT、超聲等)和血清CA125水平檢測(cè),應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)檢測(cè)結(jié)果差異進(jìn)行比較。所有患者均于入院后次日凌晨抽取5 ml的空腹靜脈血作為標(biāo)本,然后應(yīng)用離心機(jī)給予離心處理并取上層血清行CA125水平檢測(cè)。檢測(cè)過(guò)程由本院檢驗(yàn)科承擔(dān),檢測(cè)方法選擇化學(xué)發(fā)光法,試劑盒配套使用,整個(gè)操作過(guò)程嚴(yán)格遵守說(shuō)明書(shū)要求。陽(yáng)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:CA125超過(guò)35 IU/ml。

1.3 PET/CT結(jié)果判讀

由本院至少兩位閱片豐富的核醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)師對(duì)PET/CT影像結(jié)果進(jìn)行判讀,了解病灶所在的位置、形態(tài)、直徑以及與周?chē)M織之間的關(guān)系等。同時(shí)比較與常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢測(cè)方法診斷結(jié)果間的差異。

1.4觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

詳細(xì)記錄兩種影像學(xué)檢測(cè)方法在卵巢癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移灶檢測(cè)中的敏感性、特異性、準(zhǔn)確性。靈敏性=真陽(yáng)性例數(shù)/(真陽(yáng)性+假陰性)例數(shù)×100%;特異性=真陰性例數(shù)/(真陰性+假陰性)例數(shù)×100%;準(zhǔn)確性=(真陽(yáng)性+真陰性)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。

1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1兩種檢查方法在診斷卵巢癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移灶中敏感性、特異性及準(zhǔn)確性的比較

PET/CT顯像對(duì)卵巢癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移灶檢測(cè)的敏感性、特異性、準(zhǔn)確性(80.13%、79.55%、83.22%)高于常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查(68.55%、58.65%、63.86%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表1)。

2.2卵巢癌術(shù)后血清中CA125水平升高的37例患者中兩種檢測(cè)方法陽(yáng)性率的比較

術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移或復(fù)發(fā)患者中血清CA125升高者37例(78.72%),其中PET/CT顯像陽(yáng)性率為94.59%,高于常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查的78.37%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。

3討論

卵巢癌是女性中發(fā)生率相對(duì)較高的惡性腫瘤,由于受卵巢組織解剖以及內(nèi)分泌功能等的影響,患者早期缺乏典型的臨床癥狀,絕大多數(shù)患者確診時(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)或者結(jié)外臟器和組織的轉(zhuǎn)移[5-6]。相關(guān)研究顯示,術(shù)中僅有1/3左右的患者腫瘤局限于卵巢內(nèi),多數(shù)患者已發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,這在一定程度上增加了治療的難度,降低了預(yù)后[7-8]。臨床診斷卵巢癌及術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移的方法很多,以往多靠病理和常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查(如CT、超聲等)方法,但實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn),常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查(如CT、超聲等)特異性較差,不利于臨床快速為腫瘤定性,而病理診斷需要術(shù)中或者術(shù)前取材,具有一定的創(chuàng)傷性,并不被所有患者所接受[9-10]。雖然血清CA125具有較高的敏感性和陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)效果,但其更適合篩查,不能僅依靠血清CA125水平為腫瘤定性[11]。作為新興的顯像技術(shù),PET/CT有效的整合了PET和CT,其既可以為臨床提供腫瘤代謝的相關(guān)信息,又可以提供解剖信息以及病灶的形態(tài)學(xué)特點(diǎn),準(zhǔn)確性較單獨(dú)應(yīng)用PET和CT均有所提高[12]。國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)道指出,PET/CT在腫瘤術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移中的檢出率高其他常規(guī)檢測(cè)方法10倍以上;在尋找原發(fā)灶的診斷中,PET/CT的原發(fā)灶檢出率在60%以上;常規(guī)檢測(cè)方法無(wú)法檢出的原發(fā)灶PET/CT的檢出率在35%左右[13]。此次研究顯示,在卵巢癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移灶檢測(cè)中,PET/CT顯像檢測(cè)的敏感性、特異性、準(zhǔn)確性較常規(guī)檢測(cè)方法明顯提高(P<0.05);而且血清CA125升高的術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)移或復(fù)發(fā)患者中PET/CT顯像陽(yáng)性率較常規(guī)檢測(cè)方法明顯提高(P<0.05),這和部分臨床報(bào)道相一致[14-15]。

綜上所述,卵巢癌術(shù)后考慮復(fù)發(fā)與轉(zhuǎn)移的患者行PET/CT顯像檢測(cè)較常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查方法具有準(zhǔn)確性高、敏感性好、特異性強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),對(duì)于同時(shí)伴有血清CA125升高患者,應(yīng)用PET/CT檢測(cè)其靈敏度顯著高于常規(guī)影像學(xué)檢查方法,值得臨床應(yīng)用。

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(收稿日期:2019-01-11 本文編輯:閆 佩)

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