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不同配方肥對烤煙生長及產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量的影響

2019-07-12 07:52李文姜鑫宇王華堅趙文隆
現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技 2019年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙產(chǎn)量質(zhì)量

李文 姜鑫宇 王華堅 趙文隆

摘要? ? 為研究不同配方肥料的應(yīng)用效果,進(jìn)行了氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復(fù)合肥(9-10-30)、42%復(fù)合肥(9-9-24)在烤煙上的施用效果試驗,并對烘烤后煙葉的產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量以及煙葉內(nèi)在成分進(jìn)行分析比較。結(jié)果表明,施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復(fù)合肥(9-10-30)能夠明顯改善嵩明當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)熑~的產(chǎn)量,均價有了明顯的提高;氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復(fù)合肥(9-10-30)的施用使當(dāng)?shù)氐臒熑~內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性有了很大提高,糖堿比基本上控制在正常的范圍之內(nèi)。施用42%復(fù)合肥(9-9-24)的煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性不夠好,糖堿比明顯偏高,鉀的含量也明顯不如施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復(fù)合肥(9-10-30)的煙葉。因此,綜合考慮,施用氨基酸肥料(9-12-26)、49%復(fù)合肥(9-10-30)效果明顯優(yōu)于施用42%復(fù)合肥(9-9-24)。

關(guān)鍵詞? ? 烤煙;配方肥;產(chǎn)量;質(zhì)量

中圖分類號? ? S572;S147.5? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼? ? A? ? ? ? 文章編號? ?1007-5739(2019)11-0003-02

Abstract? ? In order to study the application effect of different formula fertilizer,the effects of amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26),compound fertilizer(9-10-30)and compound fertilizer(9-9-24)on flue-cured tobacco were tested,and the yield,quality of flue-cured tobacco and the internal components of tobacco leaves were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)greatly improved the tobacco yield and average price in Songming area.The amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)greatly improved the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves,and the ratio of sugar to nicotine was basically controlled within the normal range. However,compared with the tobacco leaves applied with the amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30),the tobacco leaves applied with compound fertilizer(9-9-24) had poorer coordination of internal chemical components,significantly high ratio of sugar to nicotine and significantly lower potassium content. Therefore,with comprehensive consideration,the effects of amino acid fertilizer(9-12-26)and compound fertilizer(9-10-30)were obviously superior to compound fertilizer(9-9-24).

Key words? ? flue-cured tobacco;formula fertilizer,yield;quality

長期以來,施肥技術(shù)一直受到國內(nèi)外煙草種植者的重視[1]。按照測土配方、科學(xué)施肥、合理配比、經(jīng)濟(jì)實用、增施有機(jī)肥、適度降低化肥用量的思路,推進(jìn)科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保施肥,以實現(xiàn)煙葉單產(chǎn)穩(wěn)步上升、質(zhì)量穩(wěn)步提高、肥料成本穩(wěn)步下降的目標(biāo)[2]。改善復(fù)合肥的配方結(jié)構(gòu),輔之以有機(jī)物質(zhì)和微生物活性物質(zhì),并使之合二為一,有利于達(dá)到煙草優(yōu)質(zhì)適產(chǎn)和低耗、低害的目的。

在煙田中施用一部分有機(jī)氮肥有利于煙株生長[3]。有機(jī)氮施用比例占總施氮量的25%可促進(jìn)煙株對磷、鉀的吸收,提高上部葉含鉀量,增加下部葉含糖量[4]。相關(guān)研究表明,在施用化學(xué)肥料的同時,適量施用有機(jī)肥可以保持土壤肥力,維持土壤養(yǎng)分的平衡,防止適宜種煙的土壤環(huán)境遭到破壞,而且對提高煙葉品質(zhì)也是有益的。

1? ? 材料與方法

1.1? ? 試驗地概況

試驗在昆明市嵩明縣嵩陽鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行,供試土壤理化性狀為pH值6.5、有機(jī)質(zhì)2.5%、堿解氮100.2 mg/kg、速效磷35.8 mg/kg、速效鉀150.3 mg/kg。

1.2? ? 供試材料

供試烤煙品種為云煙85。

供試肥料為氨基酸肥料(9-12-12)、49%復(fù)合肥(9-10-30)、42%復(fù)合肥(9-9-24)、硫酸鉀。

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