李汴生,彭紅梅,張德潤(rùn),阮 征
基于感官品質(zhì)的油梨常溫后熟進(jìn)程預(yù)測(cè)模型
李汴生,彭紅梅,張德潤(rùn),阮 征※
(華南理工大學(xué)食品科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,廣州 510640)
針對(duì)中國(guó)油梨市場(chǎng)油梨進(jìn)口儲(chǔ)運(yùn)過程中儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間和品質(zhì)變化難以把控及油梨損壞嚴(yán)重等問題,對(duì)常溫常濕 ((25±1 )℃、75%相對(duì)濕度) 條件下果皮色澤、果肉硬度及感官品質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定,監(jiān)測(cè)其在常溫后熟過程中的內(nèi)在變化規(guī)律,對(duì)色差、硬度、呼吸速率、質(zhì)量損失率與果肉受喜愛程度進(jìn)行皮爾遜相關(guān)性分析,利用無(wú)損檢測(cè)指標(biāo)色差*值與儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間之間logistic方程,建立油梨后熟時(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)模型。結(jié)果表明:油梨平均單果質(zhì)量隨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而減少,每日質(zhì)量損失率和呼吸速率均呈現(xiàn)先增加后減少的趨勢(shì),果皮色澤在儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間小于3 d時(shí)顯著增加,其后趨于平衡,而果肉硬度表現(xiàn)相反的趨勢(shì),干基質(zhì)量損失率、色澤(L,a和b值)和硬度均與感官喜愛度呈顯著相關(guān)性(<0.01)。基于色差測(cè)定的無(wú)損、快速、便捷,選取色差*值進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)模型的建立,色差*值的logistic方程擬合效果較好,2為0.993。模型的檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),在色差*值<4時(shí),模型預(yù)測(cè)值與實(shí)測(cè)值有很好的線性相關(guān)性,決定系數(shù)為0.996,說(shuō)明該模型在果皮色差*值<4時(shí)可以用于油梨常溫后熟期的預(yù)測(cè),研究結(jié)果可為油梨品質(zhì)控制提供指導(dǎo)和依據(jù)。
預(yù)測(cè);模型;農(nóng)產(chǎn)品;油梨;常溫;后熟
果蔬品質(zhì)是指能滿足消費(fèi)者要求和期望的綜合屬性,包括感官品質(zhì)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)等多個(gè)方面[1],果蔬采后隨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),其品質(zhì)會(huì)逐步變化、甚至老化、衰敗,最后失去商品性。感官品質(zhì)作為重要的品質(zhì)特性具有判斷直觀、快速的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)其品質(zhì)變化與儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間、儲(chǔ)藏溫度、處理?xiàng)l件等密切相關(guān),因此在果蔬的采后儲(chǔ)藏過程中,感官品質(zhì)變化成為研究重點(diǎn)。如采后獼猴桃硬度變化的研究[2-4],香蕉風(fēng)味、硬度、表皮顏色變化的研究[5],芒果硬度、風(fēng)味等的變化研究[6-8]。隨著傳感器技術(shù)、數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)、化學(xué)分析、微生物分析及感官分析技術(shù)的發(fā)展,基于果蔬感官品質(zhì)特性[9]及其衰變理論[10]而建立的預(yù)測(cè)模型被廣泛應(yīng)用于果蔬采后儲(chǔ)藏管理,以預(yù)測(cè)、評(píng)估果蔬儲(chǔ)藏過程中的品質(zhì)變化。如利用芒果儲(chǔ)藏過程力學(xué)指標(biāo)[11]、顏色值、硬度[12]等建立的儲(chǔ)藏期預(yù)測(cè)模型和品質(zhì)預(yù)測(cè)模型,基于質(zhì)量損失率國(guó)產(chǎn)獼猴桃儲(chǔ)藏期預(yù)測(cè)模型[13],利用近紅外光譜測(cè)定獼猴桃硬度的預(yù)測(cè)模型[14-15],基于番茄果實(shí)采后色澤、質(zhì)構(gòu)等建立的采后品質(zhì)及貨架期預(yù)測(cè)模型[16-18]等等。預(yù)測(cè)模型的建立能有效并全面的掌握果實(shí)的后熟進(jìn)程,做到有效調(diào)控、監(jiān)管,從而為果蔬采后儲(chǔ)藏、流通、加工等提供依據(jù),具有重要的生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用價(jià)值[19]。
油梨又名鱷梨、酪梨、樟梨、牛油果,富含脂肪(脂肪含量可高達(dá)其干物質(zhì)量的70%),含2%的蛋白質(zhì)及多種糖類(葡萄糖,果糖、蔗糖、庚酮糖),纖維素、礦物質(zhì)、維生素、類胡蘿卜素、甾醇等多種生物活性成分,具有降低膽固醇含量,提升免疫功能,控制體質(zhì)量、降低冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等多項(xiàng)生理作用[20-21]。隨著國(guó)民生活水平及健康意識(shí)的提升,油梨已成為中國(guó)消費(fèi)者熱捧的水果,中國(guó)油梨的進(jìn)口量從2011年的31.8 t上升至2017年的3.21萬(wàn)t。
油梨是一類呼吸躍變型的水果,具有呼吸變化明顯、成熟快、后熟時(shí)間短等特點(diǎn)。伴隨后熟過程一系列的生理生化反應(yīng),其果實(shí)的硬度、乙烯生成量、果皮色澤、PPO (polyphenol oxidase)活力、細(xì)胞壁降解酶活力、口感、風(fēng)味等[22-28]均會(huì)隨果實(shí)成熟度變化,現(xiàn)有的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)油梨感官品質(zhì)是表征果實(shí)成熟情況的重要指標(biāo),也是油梨研究的重點(diǎn)。為加強(qiáng)油梨儲(chǔ)藏過程中的管理,國(guó)外已有通過色差Hue值預(yù)測(cè)模型[29]、近紅外無(wú)損檢測(cè)建立PLS回歸模型等[30]來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)管理油梨的品質(zhì)變化。但對(duì)于中國(guó)3.21萬(wàn)t的油梨市場(chǎng),如何科學(xué)有效的進(jìn)行油梨的市場(chǎng)流通 (儲(chǔ)藏、運(yùn)輸),成為中國(guó)油梨發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)問題。因此本試驗(yàn)旨在探究常溫 (25 ℃) 儲(chǔ)藏條件下易于監(jiān)控、測(cè)定的品質(zhì)指標(biāo),通過其變化規(guī)律及動(dòng)力學(xué)特性的分析而建立預(yù)測(cè)模型,揭示各品質(zhì)指標(biāo)常溫 (25 ℃) 條件下內(nèi)在的變化規(guī)律性,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)通過簡(jiǎn)單、快速的測(cè)定預(yù)測(cè)油梨的后熟進(jìn)程,為油梨常溫 (25 ℃) 儲(chǔ)運(yùn)、銷售、生產(chǎn)加工過程中品質(zhì)的計(jì)算機(jī)模擬與控制提供依據(jù)。
油梨:Hass品種,購(gòu)買于廣州五山某水果超市。同一批次,整果無(wú)機(jī)械損傷,依據(jù)形狀、質(zhì)量、成熟度的均一性選擇樣品[24]。
試驗(yàn)樣品選擇:果形、果皮色澤基本一致,整果呈綠色,單果質(zhì)量(195±2) g。
物性測(cè)定儀(TA. XT. Plus),英國(guó) Stable Micro System 公司;色差儀(CR-400),日本 Konica Minolta 公司;電子天平(PL203),梅特勒-托利多儀器上海有限公司。
將果形、色澤、大小一致的一批油梨放置在(25± 1) ℃、相對(duì)濕度75%條件下儲(chǔ)存,每間隔24 h測(cè)定其各品質(zhì)指標(biāo)直至其果蒂處果肉呈白色結(jié)束試驗(yàn)(本試驗(yàn)儲(chǔ)藏第9天)。
1.3.1 呼吸速率的測(cè)定
25 ℃條件下,將試驗(yàn)油梨放置在2 L磨口瓶?jī)?nèi)2 h,用橡膠塞密封,事先用打孔器在橡膠塞上打2個(gè)孔,安裝玻璃管、乳膠管和止水夾為測(cè)氣裝置。用氣體測(cè)定儀測(cè)定放置前后瓶?jī)?nèi)CO2的含量。利用密閉系統(tǒng)法方程計(jì)算呼吸速率,單位用mg/kg·h表示,每組試驗(yàn)設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù)[31]。
1.3.2 平均單果質(zhì)量的測(cè)定
隨機(jī)取樣3個(gè)果,采用電子天平(PL203)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量測(cè)定,計(jì)算平均單果質(zhì)量、干基質(zhì)量損失率和每日質(zhì)量損失率[24, 32]。
油梨果肉干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量的測(cè)定:隨機(jī)取剛買到的3個(gè)油梨,每個(gè)油梨均分為4份,選取1/4果肉去核混勻制漿,稱取20 g樣品置于70 ℃烘箱中烘干至恒質(zhì)量,3組平行,計(jì)算油梨果肉干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量[33](dry weight,DW)。
式中0為初始平均單果質(zhì)量,g;W為第天平均單果質(zhì)量,g;DW為果肉干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量,g;W+1,第(+1)天平均單果質(zhì)量,g。
1.3.3 果皮色澤的測(cè)定
隨機(jī)取樣3個(gè)果,采用色差儀(CR-400)測(cè)定果實(shí)赤道處對(duì)角線4個(gè)點(diǎn)的色差值表示果皮色澤。色差測(cè)定結(jié)果用L、a、b表示,平行測(cè)定4次。其中L表示亮度,a表示紅綠度,b表示黃藍(lán)度[26-27]。每組試驗(yàn)設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù)。
1.3.4 硬度的測(cè)定
隨機(jī)取樣3個(gè)果,將油梨果實(shí)赤道處對(duì)角線上4點(diǎn)的外層果皮削去,采用TA. XT. Plus物性測(cè)定儀測(cè)定果肉硬度[21, 28, 34]。測(cè)定條件:采用P/2n針狀探頭,測(cè)前速率5 mm/s,貫入速度1 mm/s,測(cè)后速度5 mm/s,最小感知力5 g,穿刺深度8 mm。計(jì)算硬度變化率。
式中0為初始硬度值,N;H為第天的硬度值,N。
1.3.5 油梨風(fēng)味及喜愛檢驗(yàn)
取不同后熟期的油梨,選取果核區(qū)域果肉,切成大小一致的正方體(13 mm)果肉塊,采用任意組合的3位數(shù)編號(hào),分裝于一次性紙碟中。挑選6位評(píng)價(jià)員對(duì)果肉進(jìn)行評(píng)分,選取6種風(fēng)味術(shù)語(yǔ),分別是多汁感、脂肪感、平滑感、堅(jiān)果味、黃油味、青草味[23]來(lái)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),每種風(fēng)味特性的強(qiáng)度總分定5分,得分越高表明此種風(fēng)味強(qiáng)度越高。果肉喜愛檢驗(yàn)評(píng)分采用0~9分,0分表示非常不喜歡,9分表示非常喜歡。各評(píng)價(jià)員獨(dú)立評(píng)定,每評(píng)定一個(gè)樣品,用清水漱口,間隔 6 min 后再品評(píng)下一個(gè)樣品,每個(gè)試樣重復(fù) 3 次,最后收集評(píng)定結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。
采用Excel 2010進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理和圖形繪制,方差分析采用新復(fù)極差分析法Duncan,取95%的置信區(qū)間(0.05),結(jié)果采用“均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差”的形式表示。
油梨平均單果質(zhì)量及呼吸作用的變化如圖1、圖2所示。如圖1可知隨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),平均單果質(zhì)量不斷減少,干基質(zhì)量損失率不斷增加[24, 35]。圖2反映了油梨常溫 (25 ℃)條件下呼吸產(chǎn)生的CO2量隨時(shí)間的變化情況,CO2生成速率隨時(shí)間先不斷增加,第3天達(dá)最大,此時(shí)呼吸速率最大,隨后CO2生成速率減少,呼吸速率下降。如圖可知呼吸產(chǎn)生的CO2量有明顯的峰值,油梨常溫 (25 ℃)儲(chǔ)藏過程有明顯的呼吸躍變點(diǎn)。此試驗(yàn)的第3天為其呼吸躍變點(diǎn)。伴隨后熟過程的呼吸作用,油梨每日質(zhì)量損失率呈先增加后減少的趨勢(shì),呼吸躍變點(diǎn)處每日質(zhì)量損失率最大,且圖中反映每日質(zhì)量損失率與呼吸速率呈正相關(guān)。
圖1 平均單果質(zhì)量、干基質(zhì)量損失率的變化情況
圖2 CO2生成速率和每日質(zhì)量損失率的變化情況
果皮色澤通常被作為判斷油梨成熟的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)[25]。果皮色差測(cè)定結(jié)果如圖3所示。隨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),色差*、*值不斷減少,*值不斷增大,色差曲線拐點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在試驗(yàn)的第3天,即油梨的呼吸躍變點(diǎn),此時(shí)果皮色差*=26.18±1.25、*=3.54±0.81、*=4.80±1.32,其變化率分別為24.46%、133.11%、73.78%,果皮色差*值變化率最大。第4天開始,果皮色差*、*、*值基本保持不變。色澤變化與其果皮中所含色素有關(guān),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)油梨果皮色澤主要由其果皮中所含葉綠素決定[25],而葉綠素的降解主要發(fā)生在呼吸躍變點(diǎn)之前,因此本試驗(yàn)條件下果皮色澤變化主要發(fā)生在第0~3天。
常溫(25 ℃)儲(chǔ)藏條件下色差*值與果皮外觀色澤變化情況如圖4所示。試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),色差*值伴隨果皮外觀色澤的變化其值從-10.69不斷上升至4.0,并維持這一值不變。如圖所示當(dāng)果皮色澤呈綠色時(shí),此時(shí)色差*值<0;伴隨果皮由綠色變化至紫色,*值不斷增加,第2天,果皮呈深紫色,此時(shí)果皮色差*=0;從試驗(yàn)第3天開始,油梨的果皮呈黑色,此時(shí)色差*≥4.0。
注:L*、a*、b*為亮度、紅綠度、黃藍(lán)度,下同。
果肉硬度是反映油梨采后成熟行為的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)[35-36],圖5反映了不同儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間硬度的變化情況,隨著儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),油梨果肉硬度不斷下降,前3天硬度下降明顯,從最初的(144.20±2.23) N下降至第3天的(8.04±0.83) N,硬度下降94.4%。從后熟的第4天開始,油梨的硬度值達(dá)到Donetti等[21-24]定義的最佳可食硬度(4.4~6.7)N。硬度下降、果肉變軟源于儲(chǔ)藏過程中伴隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)細(xì)胞壁中各類酶對(duì)果膠和半纖維素的作用,原果膠不斷被降解成果膠酸、果膠[28],同時(shí)細(xì)胞薄層消失,原纖維細(xì)胞大量減少等[37]。
圖4 果皮色澤的變化情況
圖5 硬度變化情況
油梨常溫(25 ℃)條件下儲(chǔ)藏風(fēng)味變化情況如圖6所示。如圖可知,果肉脂肪感、平滑感、堅(jiān)果味、黃油味均隨常溫(25 ℃)儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而增強(qiáng),平滑感、堅(jiān)果味、黃油味從第4天開始基本保持不變,脂肪感在第7天趨于平緩。青草味在儲(chǔ)藏開始階段感覺明顯,儲(chǔ)藏至第3天青草味基本消失。果肉多汁感隨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間呈先增強(qiáng)后減弱的趨勢(shì),第4天多汁感最為明顯。油梨受喜愛程度隨油梨果肉脂肪感、平滑感、堅(jiān)果味、黃油味的增強(qiáng)、果肉青草味的降低而增加,后熟至第3天果肉喜愛程度評(píng)分為6.5,被品評(píng)人員接受,隨后熟時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),果肉喜愛度增強(qiáng)并趨于平緩[23]。
圖6 油梨感官品質(zhì)的變化
2.5.1 果肉各測(cè)定感官品質(zhì)指標(biāo)與感官喜愛程度評(píng)分之間的相關(guān)性
常溫(25 ℃)儲(chǔ)藏條件下各測(cè)定指標(biāo)與感官喜愛度評(píng)分之間的相關(guān)性如表1所示。由表可知:在所有相關(guān)檢測(cè)指標(biāo)中,呼吸速率與感官喜愛度沒有顯著相關(guān),而干基質(zhì)量損失率、色差值、硬度值與感官評(píng)分在0.01水平下顯著相關(guān),其中干基質(zhì)量損失率、色差a值與感官喜愛程度呈正相關(guān),伴隨干基質(zhì)量損失率、色差a值的增加,感官喜愛程度評(píng)分增大。為實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)損、快捷、方便預(yù)測(cè)油梨后熟,本研究最終選取色差a值作為油梨常溫(25 ℃)儲(chǔ)藏過程品質(zhì)變化和儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間動(dòng)力學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)模型的關(guān)鍵因素。
表1 各品質(zhì)指標(biāo)與感官喜愛度之間的皮爾遜相關(guān)系數(shù)表
注:**代表顯著性水平為0.01。
Note:**represents significant level at 0.01.
2.5.2 色差值Logistic方程的建立
通過對(duì)色差*值隨時(shí)間變化的觀察,以色差*值為因變量,使用Logistic方程對(duì)原始的*測(cè)定數(shù)據(jù)在Origin中進(jìn)行擬合分析,結(jié)果如圖7所示,得到的Logistic方程為
=2(1-2)/(1+(/0)) (4)
得到的擬合結(jié)果中,1=-10.681,2=4.261,0=1.576,=5.053,得到的Logistic方程為
模型的檢驗(yàn)選取同一批次中果皮呈綠色、紫色和黑色的油梨,測(cè)定果皮色差值,通過色差值的logistic方程對(duì)油梨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),然后將果實(shí)放置在溫度為(25±1) ℃、相對(duì)濕度為75%的試驗(yàn)條件下,每8 h觀察一次,當(dāng)油梨果蒂處果肉呈白色時(shí)結(jié)束試驗(yàn),此時(shí)間段即為油梨的可放置時(shí)間(用1表示),油梨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的測(cè)定值用表示,其中=9-1。預(yù)測(cè)值與測(cè)定值的線性關(guān)系如圖8所示,從圖中散點(diǎn)圖的分布情況可知,油梨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間在第0~4天時(shí),預(yù)測(cè)值與測(cè)定值均勻分布在對(duì)角線兩側(cè),預(yù)測(cè)值和測(cè)定值有很好的線性相關(guān)性,此階段的決定系數(shù)為0.996,此時(shí)果皮色差<4。而在油梨儲(chǔ)藏的第5~9天,儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的測(cè)定值往往大于其預(yù)測(cè)值,預(yù)測(cè)準(zhǔn)確性下降,此時(shí)果皮色差≥4。這與油梨果皮后熟過程中色澤的變化有關(guān),后熟過程中伴隨葉綠素的降解,果皮色澤從綠色逐漸變化成黑色,并隨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而維持不變,此時(shí)色差值不變,通過果皮色差值的logistic方程得到的預(yù)測(cè)值不變,因而所建立的模型無(wú)法應(yīng)用于色差≥4的情況。
圖7 色差a*值logistic曲線
圖8 模型檢驗(yàn)組預(yù)測(cè)值與實(shí)測(cè)值的散點(diǎn)圖
對(duì)于油梨這類呼吸躍變型水果,為延長(zhǎng)果實(shí)的儲(chǔ)藏期,通常會(huì)選取果實(shí)成熟度較低時(shí)進(jìn)行采摘,以減少機(jī)械損傷和微生物侵?jǐn)_,但此時(shí)的果實(shí)并不處于最佳的食用期,通常需要儲(chǔ)藏期間的后熟,保證果實(shí)的實(shí)用品質(zhì)。
本文充分研究了油梨常溫(25 ℃)儲(chǔ)藏條件下果實(shí)色澤、硬度、風(fēng)味等的變化。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明隨儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),油梨感官品質(zhì)逐步完善,硬度下降至最佳可食硬度值(4.4~6.7)N、果皮顏色從綠色變化至黑色,果肉青草味消失,堅(jiān)果味、黃油味凸顯,果肉受喜愛程度增加,后熟對(duì)于油梨果實(shí)品質(zhì)是一個(gè)必要的過程。
常溫(25 ℃)儲(chǔ)藏條件下,油梨有明顯的呼吸躍變點(diǎn),且呼吸躍變點(diǎn)與色澤、硬度、感官品質(zhì)的變化密切相關(guān)。結(jié)合儲(chǔ)藏過程感官品質(zhì)與呼吸速率發(fā)現(xiàn),油梨常溫(25 ℃)儲(chǔ)藏條件下其感官品質(zhì)的變化主要發(fā)生在呼吸躍變點(diǎn)及之前的階段,此時(shí)硬度、色澤、風(fēng)味等變化明顯。
油梨的感官品質(zhì)受成熟情況影響,通過儲(chǔ)藏過程色差、硬度、呼吸速率、質(zhì)量損失率與果肉受喜愛程度之間的皮爾遜相關(guān)系數(shù)的比較分析,確定色差*值為油梨儲(chǔ)藏預(yù)測(cè)模型關(guān)鍵指示因素,并建立色差*值logistic方程,方程的擬合效果2為0.993,在色差*<4時(shí),模型預(yù)測(cè)值與實(shí)測(cè)值的決定系數(shù)為0.996,表明此模型在色差*<4時(shí)具有較高的擬合度,對(duì)實(shí)際應(yīng)用具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
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Prediction model of avocado ripening process based on sensory quality at room temperature
Li Biansheng, Peng Hongmei, Zhang Derun, Ruan Zheng※
(510640,)
‘Hass’ avocado is enjoyed by consumers worldwide due to its rich flavor, high overall quality and health related attributes. The nutritional and dense phytochemical composition of avocado is attracting more consumers. Avocados do not ripen on the tree and must be ripened after harvest, which means that most or all of the ripening process needs to be carefully controlled in the commercial postharvest environment. In view of the problems that the storage time and quality changes of avocado during the storage and transportation in the Chinese avocado market are difficult to be controlled, as well as that avocado is easy to be damaged, the color of the avocado peel, the hardness of the avocado pulp, and the sensory quality indicators at room temperature (25±1 ℃, 75% RH) were measured to monitor their intrinsic variation during ripening in this study. The Pearson correlation analysis between the affection degree of avocado flesh and the color difference, hardness, respiration rate, weight loss rate, respectively, was also performed. At last, the prediction model for the ripening of avocado was developed based on first-order functional equation, logistic equation of dry weight loss rate-and the color differencevalue-storage time. The results showed that the weight of avocado fruit decreased from 195.2±0.9 to 181.2±0.8 with the prolongation of storage time (0-9 d), and the daily weight loss rate and respiration rate increased first at the storage time of 0~3 d and then decreased sharply. Conversely, the peel color, characterized by(34.66±1.27),a(-10.69±1.29) andbvalues (18.31±1.56), changed significantly when the storage time was less than 3 d, and then tended to constant (~25.63, ~4.19, and~3.45, respectively). However, the avocado flesh hardness decreased from 144.2N to 8.04N during storing for 3 d and reached equilibrium when the storage time exceeded 3 h. Additionally, apart from the respiratory rate (=-0.221), the dry weight loss rate, peel color (L,aandbvalues), and avocado flesh hardness during storing at room temperature were significantly correlated with sensory preference scores (<0.01), in which the dry weight loss rate (=0.840)andavalue (=0.915) were positively related to sensory preference scores, and flesh hardness (=-0.954),L(=-0.947), andbvalues (=-0.952) were negatively related to sensory preference scores. Based on determination of the color of avocado peel were nondestructive, fast, convenient, hereinvalue was selected as key indicators to establish the prediction model of avocado quality change during storing. At the storage time of 0-9 d, thevalue was fitted well based on logistic equation.2values was 0.993. In the validation experiments,whenvalue less than 4, thepredicted and the measured values have a good linear correlation,the decision coefficient is 0.996, indicating that the developed model can be used to predict the ripening period of avocado at room temperature whenvalue less than 4. The research results in this work can provide favorable guidance and basis for quality control of avocado.
prediction; models; agricultural products; avocado; room temperature; ripening
10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.034
TS255.3
A
1002-6819(2019)-13-0285-07
2018-11-10
2019-05-10
國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目:食品高效冷凍解凍關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及裝備開發(fā)(2017YFD0400404)
李汴生,教授,博士,主要從事食品加工和保藏研究。Email:febshli@scut.edu.cn
阮 征,副教授,博士,主要從事食品加工和保藏研究。Email:zhruan@scut.edu.cn
李汴生,彭紅梅,張德潤(rùn),阮征.基于感官品質(zhì)的油梨常溫后熟進(jìn)程預(yù)測(cè)模型[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào),2019,35(13):285-290. doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.034 http://www.tcsae.org
Li Biansheng, Peng Hongmei, Zhang Derun, Ruan Zheng. Prediction model of avocado ripening process based on sensory quality at room temperature [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(13): 285-290. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.034 http://www.tcsae.org