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飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦生長(zhǎng)性能、消化酶活力及免疫功能的影響

2019-09-10 07:22魯耀鵬汪蕾張秀霞王冬梅李軍濤鄭佩華冼健安王安利
關(guān)鍵詞:消化酶生長(zhǎng)性能免疫功能

魯耀鵬 汪蕾 張秀霞 王冬梅 李軍濤 鄭佩華 冼健安 王安利

摘要:【目的】探討不同脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦(Cherax quadricarinatus)幼蝦生長(zhǎng)性能、肌肉組成、肝胰腺消化酶及免疫酶活力的影響,篩選出適宜的飼料脂肪源,為紅螯螯蝦幼蝦專用人工配合飼料的配制提供參考。【方法】分別以魚油、豆油、花生油、玉米油和菜籽油作為脂肪源配制5種等氮等脂等能飼料,喂養(yǎng)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦8周后,取樣測(cè)定其生長(zhǎng)性能(存活率、增重率和特定生長(zhǎng)率)、肌肉組成(粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量)、肝胰腺消化酶(胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力)及免疫功能[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、堿性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力及總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)]等相關(guān)指標(biāo)。【結(jié)果】不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦存活率無顯著影響(P>0.05,下同);菜籽油組紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的增重率和特定生長(zhǎng)率均顯著低于魚油組(P<0.05,下同),而豆油組、花生油組和玉米油組與魚油組間無顯著差異。不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肌肉成分和肝胰腺消化酶活力均無顯著影響,但以豆油作為脂肪源時(shí)更有利于提高肝胰腺的消化酶活力。不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肝胰腺的SOD、ACP和AKP活力均無顯著影響,但在T-AOC方面,豆油組和花生油組顯著高于菜籽油組?!窘Y(jié)論】菜籽油作為單一脂肪源時(shí)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦生長(zhǎng)性能受到抑制,肝胰腺T-AOC相對(duì)較低,因此不宜選用菜籽油作為紅螯螯蝦幼蝦飼料的單一脂肪源;以玉米油、豆油和花生油替代魚油對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的生長(zhǎng)性能、消化酶活力和免疫功能均無顯著影響,且使用豆油和花生油時(shí)肝胰腺T-AOC相對(duì)較高,即豆油和花生油可作為替代魚油的植物脂肪源。

關(guān)鍵詞: 紅螯螯蝦;飼料;脂肪源;生長(zhǎng)性能;消化酶;免疫功能

中圖分類號(hào): S966.12;S963.7? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A? ? ? ?文章編號(hào):2095-1191(2019)09-2095-07

Abstract:【Objective】To provide reference for the formulation of special and practical compound feed for juvenile red claw crayfish(Cherax quadricarinatus), effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance, muscle composition, hepatopancreatic digestive enzyme and immune enzyme activities of juvenile C. quadricarinatus were stu-died, and the suitable feed fat sources was comfirmed. 【Method】Fish oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil and rapeseed oil were used as lipid sources to prepare five kinds of diets with equal nitrogen, fat and energy. Juvenile C. quadricarinatus(0.54±0.09 g) were fed different diets for eight weeks, and then sampling and indexes of growth performance[survi-val rate, weight gain(WG) and specific growth rate(SGR)], muscle composition(crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash contents), hepatopancreatic digestive enzyme(trypsin, lipase and amylase activities) and immunity[superoxide dismutase(SOD), and alkaline phosphatase(AKP), acid phosphatase(ACP) and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)] were determined. 【Result】Survival rate of juvenile C. quadricarinatus was not significantly affected by different dietary lipid sources(P>0.05, the same below). WG and SGR of rapeseed oil group were significantly lower than those of fish oil group(P<0.05, the same below), while WG and SGR of soybean oil group, peanut oil group and corn oil group were not significantly different from fish oil group. Dietary lipid sources had no significant effects on muscle composition and hepatopancreatic digestive enzyme activities of juvenile C. quadricarinatus, but soybean oil used as a fat source was more bene-ficial to improve the digestive enzyme activity of hepatopancreas. Dietary lipid sources had no significant effect on the acti-vities of SOD, ACP and AKP in hepatopancreas of juvenile C. quadricarinatus, but T-AOC of soybean oil group and peanut oil group was significantly higher than that of rapeseed oil group. 【Conclusion】Growth performance of C. quadricarinatus is inhibited, and? hepatopancreas T-AOC is relatively weak when rapeseed oil is used as lipid source, indicating that rapeseed oil should not be used as a single fat source in compound feed for juvenile C. quadricarinatus. The substitution of corn oil, soybean oil and peanut oil for fish oil have no significant effect on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune function of juvenile C. quadricarinatus, and hepatopancreas T-AOC is relatively high when soybean oil and peanut oil are used, indicating that soybean oil and peanut oil can be used as vegetable fat source instead of fish oil.

Key words: Cherax quadricarinatus; diet; lipid source; growth performance; digestive enzyme; immunity

0 引言

【研究意義】紅螯螯蝦(Cherax quadricarinatus)又稱澳洲淡水小龍蝦,是從澳大利亞引進(jìn)的淡水養(yǎng)殖蝦類(魯耀鵬等,2018a)。我國(guó)大陸最早于1992年在廣東珠海進(jìn)行試養(yǎng),但因螯蝦養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)滯后及對(duì)蝦養(yǎng)殖的興起,紅螯螯蝦養(yǎng)殖業(yè)一直發(fā)展緩慢。近年來,克氏原螯蝦(Procambarus clarkii)的市場(chǎng)需求不斷擴(kuò)大,其資源已無法滿足人們的消費(fèi)需要。相對(duì)于克氏原螯蝦,紅螯螯蝦具有個(gè)體大、出肉率高、生長(zhǎng)速度較快、養(yǎng)殖周期較短等特點(diǎn),且適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),病害較少,是填補(bǔ)螯蝦市場(chǎng)的優(yōu)質(zhì)養(yǎng)殖品種(魯耀鵬等,2018b),但目前紅螯螯蝦養(yǎng)殖主要以南瓜和冰鮮魚為餌料,養(yǎng)殖過程中存在營(yíng)養(yǎng)素缺乏、生長(zhǎng)緩慢、水體污染及病害暴發(fā)等一系列問題(魯耀鵬等,2018c),嚴(yán)重制約其養(yǎng)殖業(yè)規(guī)?;l(fā)展。因此,研制營(yíng)養(yǎng)全面、健康環(huán)保的專用人工配合飼料是當(dāng)前推動(dòng)紅螯螯蝦養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵所在?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】脂肪是維持水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物生命活動(dòng)的主要能源物質(zhì)之一,除了能為機(jī)體提供能量外,還是某些生物酶的組成因子(李愛杰,1996)。脂肪源是飼料配制過程中必不可少的成分,不同脂肪源所包含的脂肪酸差異是導(dǎo)致其價(jià)值差異的根源(李超春等,2005)。已有研究報(bào)道,海洋魚油是油脂的主要來源,已廣泛應(yīng)用于水產(chǎn)飼料配方,能提供必需的n-3脂肪酸,或常用于涂覆擠壓顆粒以提高飼料適口性(Bahurmiz and Ng,2007)。但隨著水產(chǎn)行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,水產(chǎn)飼料的需求量日益增大,海洋魚油供不應(yīng)求而致使其價(jià)格居高不下,采用傳統(tǒng)魚油作為脂肪源已無法滿足水產(chǎn)行業(yè)的發(fā)展需求(易昌金,2018),因此尋找出最佳替代魚油的脂肪源是目前水產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)研究的重點(diǎn)。近年來,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者已在羅氏沼蝦(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)(王恒,2010)、異育銀鯽(Carassius auratus gibelio)(王煜恒等,2010)、吉富羅非魚(Oreochromis mossambicus)(李新等,2016)、條紋鱸魚(Hybrid striped Bass)(Trushenski and Aardsma,2016)、中華絨螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)(王健懿等,2017)和黃顙魚(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)(易昌金,2018)等水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物上開展了飼料脂肪源的相關(guān)研究。關(guān)于紅螯螯蝦營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求的研究主要集中在飼料營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)最適添加比例方面,如蛋白水平(Pavasovic et al.,2004;Thompson et al.,2004)、豆粕替代魚粉(Thompson et al.,2006;魯耀鵬等,2018a)及脂肪水平(魯耀鵬等,2018c)等,而針對(duì)紅螯螯蝦飼料脂肪源的研究報(bào)道較少。Hernández-Vergara等(2003)研究了半集約化養(yǎng)殖條件下飼料脂肪水平和脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦生長(zhǎng)及其機(jī)體成分的影響,但研究對(duì)象僅限于玉米油和魚油兩種脂肪源;Campana-Torres等(2005)研究表明,飼料中含有植物源成分時(shí)紅螯螯蝦對(duì)干物質(zhì)和蛋白質(zhì)的消化率較高;郭占林等(2010)通過研究不同脂肪源(花生油、豬油、魚油和豆油)對(duì)紅螯螯蝦生長(zhǎng)性能和消化酶活性的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)豆油是紅螯螯蝦飼料的最佳脂肪源;Thompson等(2010)分別以亞麻籽油、菜籽油、玉米油、牛油和月桂油為飼料脂肪源,研究飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦生長(zhǎng)和體內(nèi)脂肪酸的影響,結(jié)果表明不同脂肪源會(huì)影響機(jī)體的脂肪酸組成;Sacristán等(2015)研究不同飼料(高、低脂飼料)對(duì)紅螯螯蝦消化能力的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)投喂高脂飼料(粗脂肪含量21.29%)的紅螯螯蝦胰蛋白酶活力顯著提高,但出現(xiàn)B細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)混亂且肥大及R細(xì)胞存在大液泡等營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良現(xiàn)象,即高脂飼料不宜用于紅螯螯蝦養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)。【本研究切入點(diǎn)】紅螯螯蝦是近年興起的經(jīng)濟(jì)蝦種,但針對(duì)其營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求的研究相對(duì)較少,市場(chǎng)上尚缺乏專用的人工配合飼料,因此急需篩選獲得最適合紅螯螯蝦的脂肪源并研發(fā)出實(shí)用性配合飼料配方,以促進(jìn)紅螯螯蝦養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題】根據(jù)前期的研究結(jié)果(魯耀鵬等,2018a,2018c),在魚粉和豆粕比例及飼料蛋白含量均較適宜的實(shí)用性基礎(chǔ)飼料配方上,分別以魚油、豆油、花生油、玉米油和菜籽油為單一脂肪源,探討不同脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦生長(zhǎng)性能、肌肉組成及肝胰腺消化酶和免疫酶活力的影響,篩選出適宜的飼料脂肪源,為紅螯螯蝦幼蝦專用人工配合飼料的配制提供參考。

1 材料與方法

1. 1 人工配合飼料制備

設(shè)5種脂肪源(魚油、豆油、花生油、玉米油和菜籽油)的等氮等脂等能飼料,人工配合飼料配方見表1。將選定好的飼料原料進(jìn)行超微粉碎后制成顆粒飼料,飼料顆粒直徑1.5 mm,在烘箱中烘干后置于-20 ℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>

1. 2 飼養(yǎng)管理

養(yǎng)殖試驗(yàn)在中國(guó)熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院熱帶生物技術(shù)研究所養(yǎng)殖室的循環(huán)養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行,供試紅螯螯蝦購(gòu)自海南省某養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)。紅螯螯蝦在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下先暫養(yǎng)1周,使其適應(yīng)養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境。紅螯螯蝦的初始平均體重為0.54±0.09 g/尾,每個(gè)養(yǎng)殖箱(90 cm×60 cm×45 cm)放養(yǎng)30尾,且每個(gè)養(yǎng)殖箱放置30個(gè)PVC管作為遮蔽物。每個(gè)試驗(yàn)組設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù)。養(yǎng)殖試驗(yàn)共8周,養(yǎng)殖期間每天8:00和18:00投喂2次,投喂量為蝦體重的6%,并按實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

1. 3 測(cè)定指標(biāo)及方法

取樣前饑餓紅螯螯蝦24 h,測(cè)定其體重并計(jì)算各生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)。飼料和肌肉成分測(cè)定:采用凱氏定氮法、索氏抽提法、馬弗爐灼燒法分別測(cè)定粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量。

存活率(%)=終末尾數(shù)/初始尾數(shù)×100

增重率(%)=(終末體重-初始體重)/初始體重×100

特定生長(zhǎng)率(%)=(lnWf -lnWi)/T×100

式中,Wf為平均終末體重(g/尾),Wi為平均初始體重(g/尾),T為試驗(yàn)天數(shù)(d)。

1. 4 酶活力測(cè)定

隨機(jī)挑取紅螯螯蝦,無菌條件下剖取其肝胰腺和肌肉,液氮速凍后-80 ℃保存?zhèn)溆?。紅螯螯蝦肝胰腺的消化酶(脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶)活力、免疫功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、堿性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力及總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)]及蛋白含量采用南京建成生物工程研究所生產(chǎn)的試劑盒進(jìn)行測(cè)定。

1. 5 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)利用SPSS 18.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)及單因素方差分析(One-way ANVOA)。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2. 1 飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦生長(zhǎng)性能的影響

由表2可知,不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的存活率無顯著影響(P>0.05,下同),其存活率范圍為69.3%~82.6%。菜籽油組紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的增重率和特定生長(zhǎng)率均顯著低于魚油組(P<0.05,下同),而豆油組、花生油組和玉米油組紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的增重率和特定生長(zhǎng)率與魚油組均無顯著差異。

2. 2 飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肌肉組成的影響

由表3可知,在紅螯螯蝦飼料中添加不同脂肪源,紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肌肉中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均無顯著差異。其中,以菜籽油組紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肌肉中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量最高,較魚油組分別提高1.88%、17.69%和5.35%;而玉米油組的含量最低,較魚油組分別降低2.82%、4.42%和4.02%。盡管紅螯螯蝦在攝食不同脂肪源的飼料后,菜籽油組和玉米油組的紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肌肉成分有一定變化,但變化差異均不顯著。

2. 3 飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肝胰腺消化酶活力的影響

由表4可知,不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肝胰腺胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力的影響均不顯著,其中以豆油組紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的肝胰腺消化酶活力最高,胰蛋白酶活力為7734.99±461.87 U/mg,脂肪酶活力為17.04±3.34 U/g,淀粉酶活力為0.19±0.03 U/mg。說明不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦消化酶活力無顯著影響,但以豆油作為脂肪源時(shí)更有利于提高肝胰腺的消化酶活力。

2. 4 飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦免疫功能的影響

不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肝胰腺的SOD、ACP和AKP活力均無顯著影響(表5),其中,SOD活力表現(xiàn)為豆油組較高、花生油組較低,ACP活力表現(xiàn)為豆油組較高、菜籽油組較低,AKP活力表現(xiàn)為魚油組較高、花生油組較低。在紅螯螯蝦幼蝦T-AOC方面,以豆油組最高(7.06±1.19 U/mg),其次是花生油組(6.76±1.02 U/mg),二者均顯著高于菜籽油組;各試驗(yàn)組紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的T-AOC排序?yàn)槎褂徒M>花生油組>魚油組>玉米油組>菜籽油組。

3 討論

水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物對(duì)脂肪的利用效率主要取決于其對(duì)飽和脂肪酸和不飽和脂肪酸的利用。在養(yǎng)殖過程中若缺乏必需脂肪酸,則會(huì)引起水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)性能下降,并導(dǎo)致多種疾病發(fā)生(李愛杰,1996)。在飼料中添加不同脂肪源對(duì)蝦蟹類水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物的生長(zhǎng)性能均會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯影響。Wen等(2003)以豆油、鳀魚油、菜籽油、紅花油、亞麻籽油和菜籽油為脂肪源,分析不同脂肪源對(duì)克氏原螯蝦生長(zhǎng)性能的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)以鳀魚油為脂肪源時(shí)克氏原螯蝦的增重率最高;丁志麗等(2011)研究表明,以豆油作為脂肪源時(shí)日本沼蝦(Macrobrachium nipponense)的增重率明顯高于魚油作為脂肪源時(shí)的增重率;王建懿等(2017)以魚油、豆油、亞麻油、50%魚油+50%豆油和50%魚油+50%亞麻油為脂肪源,分別飼養(yǎng)中華絨螯蟹112 d,結(jié)果顯示魚油+亞麻油組的增重率和特定生長(zhǎng)率均顯著高于其他試驗(yàn)組。本研究結(jié)果表明,以菜籽油作為飼料脂肪源時(shí),紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的增重率和特定生長(zhǎng)率顯著降低,其他脂肪源間的變化差異均不顯著,與郭占林等(2010)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦增重率有顯著影響的結(jié)論存在差異,究其原因可能是紅螯螯蝦規(guī)格、飼料配方及飼料脂肪源種類、來源和添加比例不同所引起。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,豆油、花生油和玉米油均能滿足紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的生長(zhǎng)需求,可替代魚油用于生產(chǎn)以降低飼料成本。此外,飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肌肉成分無顯著影響,與王恒等(2009)對(duì)羅氏沼蝦的研究結(jié)果相似,說明菜籽油作為脂肪源時(shí)雖然導(dǎo)致紅螯螯蝦生長(zhǎng)性能下降,但其肌肉脂肪沉積并未受影響。

飼料中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)對(duì)水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物消化酶有明顯影響,其活力會(huì)根據(jù)飼料成分的不同而發(fā)生變化,因此,消化酶活力是判斷水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化吸收能力的重要指標(biāo)(陳立僑等,2000)。郭占林等(2010)研究顯示,花生油組紅螯螯蝦的脂肪酶活力顯著高于其他脂肪源試驗(yàn)組;王健懿等(2017)研究表明,魚油作為中華絨螯蟹的飼料脂肪源時(shí),幼蟹肝胰腺的類胰蛋白酶活力顯著高于其他脂肪源??梢姡煌驹磿?huì)直接影響甲殼類動(dòng)物的消化酶活力。水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物脂肪酶活力變化還受其他多種因素的影響(王重剛等,1998;Shields,2001),包括飼料蛋白含量及其蛋白源組成等。本研究結(jié)果顯示,不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肝胰腺胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力均無顯著影響,其中以豆油組紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的肝胰腺消化酶活力最高,與郭占林等(2010)的研究結(jié)論存在差異,可能與選用的基礎(chǔ)配方組成不同有關(guān),具體原因有待進(jìn)一步探究。

SOD是機(jī)體內(nèi)重要的抗氧化酶,可催化超氧陰離子(O2-)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镠2O2,是維持機(jī)體氧化平衡的重要途徑(張亞娟,2003;李丹丹等,2018)。T-AOC反映機(jī)體的總體抗氧化活力,包括抗氧化酶類與非酶類抗氧化因子。關(guān)于飼料脂肪源對(duì)抗氧化活力的影響,不同水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物表現(xiàn)出不同響應(yīng)。潘瑜等(2012)分別以魚油、豆油、菜籽油、亞麻籽油和豬油作為飼料脂肪源,結(jié)果表明豬油組鯉魚(Cyprinus carpio)肝胰臟的SOD活力及T-AOC均顯著低于其他脂肪源處理組,即豬油不適宜作為鯉魚的單一脂肪源,會(huì)損害肝胰臟健康進(jìn)而影響魚體生長(zhǎng);趙衛(wèi)紅等(2014)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),菜籽油組日本沼蝦肝胰腺的SOD活力顯著高于魚油組;劉燕等(2016)研究表明,玉米油作為脂肪源時(shí)津新鯉(C. carpiovar Jian)肝胰臟的SOD活力及T-AOC均高于豆油組和菜籽油組;陸游等(2018)研究顯示,以椰子油為脂肪源時(shí)黃顙魚肝胰臟的SOD活力顯著高于蘇子油組和葵花籽油組,與魚油和葵花籽油的混合組無顯著差異。說明脂肪源對(duì)不同水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物抗氧化活力具有不同影響。本研究結(jié)果表明,不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肝胰腺的SOD活力無顯著影響,但在T-AOC方面,豆油組和花生油組顯著高于菜籽油組,可能是豆油和花生油對(duì)其他某些抗氧化酶或抗氧化因子產(chǎn)生影響,從而提高其總體抗氧化水平。

蝦類主要依靠非特異性免疫以抵抗外來病源微生物的入侵,AKP和ACP是機(jī)體內(nèi)參與抗菌防御的重要酶類,是反映其免疫功能的重要指標(biāo)(李桂英等,2011;張曼等,2011)。ACP和AKP在甲殼類動(dòng)物中扮演著重要角色,但目前有關(guān)營(yíng)養(yǎng)素對(duì)紅螯螯蝦ACP和AKP活力影響及其作用機(jī)制的研究鮮見報(bào)道。謝國(guó)駟(2007)研究表明,不同飼料蛋白水平會(huì)顯著影響日本沼蝦的AKP和ACP活力;楊品賢等(2018)研究認(rèn)為,不同飼料糖源對(duì)凡納濱對(duì)蝦的AKP和ACP活力無顯著影響。本研究結(jié)果也顯示,不同飼料脂肪源對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦肝胰腺AKP和ACP活力均無顯著影響。因此,有關(guān)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)變化對(duì)蝦類AKP和ACP活力的影響及其作用機(jī)制尚有待進(jìn)一步探究。

4 結(jié)論

菜籽油作為單一脂肪源時(shí)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦生長(zhǎng)性能受到抑制,肝胰腺T-AOC相對(duì)較差,因此不宜選用菜籽油作為紅螯螯蝦幼蝦飼料的單一脂肪源;以玉米油、豆油和花生油替代魚油對(duì)紅螯螯蝦幼蝦的生長(zhǎng)性能、消化酶活力和免疫功能均無顯著影響,且使用豆油和花生油時(shí)肝胰腺T-AOC相對(duì)較高,即豆油和花生油可作為替代魚油的植物脂肪源。

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(責(zé)任編輯 蘭宗寶)

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