李陽 肖朝江 劉健 沈怡 董相 姜北
摘 要: 圓葉牽牛植物資源豐富但全草少有研究,對其進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的化學(xué)成分與生物活性認(rèn)識很有必要。該文對采自云南大理的圓葉牽牛干燥全草化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)地研究,通過75%乙醇冷浸提取,浸膏以水分散,依次以乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取。結(jié)果表明:采用硅膠、Sephadex LH-20、RP-18等多種材料柱層析結(jié)合重結(jié)晶等方法,從圓葉牽牛醇提物乙酸乙酯部分分離得到12個單體化合物,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代波譜學(xué)技術(shù)分別鑒定為木栓酮(1),β-木栓烷醇(2),β-香樹脂醇(3),α-香樹脂醇(4),6β-羥基豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(5),胡蘿卜苷(6),β-谷甾醇(7),豆甾醇(8),7-羥基香豆素(9),對香豆酸-對羥基苯乙醇酯(10),山奈酚香豆?;咸堰拎擒眨?1),單棕櫚酸甘油酯(12)?;衔?-5、10-12為首次從該屬植物中分離得到。
關(guān)鍵詞: 圓葉牽牛, 化學(xué)成分, 三萜, 甾體
中圖分類號: Q946, R285.5 ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼: A ?文章編號: 1000-3142(2019)07-0910-07
Abstract: There were abundant resources of Pharbitis purpurea, but lack of the systematic and deep studies about the whole plant. It is necessary to investigate the chemical compositions and biological activities of P. purpurea. For better understanding the chemical profile, the major constituents of the whole herb of P. purpurea collected from Dali, Yunnan, were systematically studied. After the whole herb of P. purpurea (4 kg) were extracted with 75% EtOH-H2O solution, the resulting extract was concentrated and suspended in water, and partitioned successively with EtOAc and n-BuOH. Twelve compounds were isolated from EtOAc-soluble part by various column chromatography methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP18 column chromatography, as well as recrystallization method. Based on the spectral analysis, the compounds were identified as friedelin (1), β-friedelinol (2), β-amyrin (3), α-amyrin (4), 6β-hydroxy-stigmast-4-en-3-one (5), daucosterol (6), β-sitosterol (7), stigmasterol (8), umbelliferone (9), p-hydroxyphenylethanol p-coumarate (10), kaempferol-3-β-D-(6-O-cis-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranoside (11), and glyceroylmonopalmitate (12). Compounds 2-5 and 10-12 were isolated from genus Pharbitis for the first time.
Key words: Pharbitis purpurea, chemical constituents, triterpene, steroid
旋花科(Convolvulaceae)牽牛屬(Pharbitis或Ipcmoea)植物為一年或多年生纏繞草本,全世界約24種,主要分布于溫帶及亞熱帶,我國有3種,大部分地區(qū)均有分布(中國科學(xué)院中國植物志編輯委員會, 1979)?,F(xiàn)代研究表明,牽牛屬植物化學(xué)成分豐富,主要包括黃酮類、萜類、苯丙素類、揮發(fā)油等(梁娜等, 2013; Kim et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2017; Saito et al., 1994);該屬部分植物中分離得到的一些單體化合物具有細(xì)胞毒活性、抗腫瘤活性、殺蟲活性等(李佳桓等, 2014; 馬超, 2011; 徐向榮等, 2006; Ju et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2014)。圓葉牽牛(Pharbitis purpurea或Ipcmoea purpurea)原產(chǎn)熱帶美洲,現(xiàn)已成歸化植物分布于中國大部分地區(qū),生于平地以至海拔2 800 m的田邊、路邊、宅旁或山谷林內(nèi),栽培或淪為野生(中國科學(xué)院中國植物志編輯委員會, 1979)。文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果顯示,該植物種子作為傳統(tǒng)中藥材(牽牛子來源植物之一)有較多的研究,但該植物全草尚無深入系統(tǒng)的研究。根據(jù)本研究組前期開展的大規(guī)模藥用植物活性篩選實驗結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)圓葉牽牛全草提取物具有一定的鎮(zhèn)痛活性,因此對該植物全草進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的化學(xué)成分與生物活性研究很有必要。
為深入了解該植物的基本化學(xué)品質(zhì)、為后續(xù)開展相關(guān)生物活性研究及開發(fā)利用工作創(chuàng)造條件,我們對圓葉牽牛全草提取物的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了分離鑒定。本研究以75%乙醇作為提取溶劑,采用硅膠、Sephadex LH-20、RP-18等多種材料柱層析結(jié)合重結(jié)晶等方法,從圓葉牽牛醇提物乙酸乙酯部分分離得到12個單體化合物,結(jié)合1H-與13C-NMR技術(shù),對化合物進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定,所分離得到的成分主要為三萜類、甾體類成分。
1 材料與方法
1.1 儀器和材料
Bruker Avance Ⅲ-400核磁共振儀(德國布魯克公司,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo));柱層析硅膠和薄層層析硅膠板GF254(青島海洋化工廠);RE-52AA型旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(上海亞榮生化儀器廠);AL204 型電子天平(梅特勒-托利多儀器上海有限公司);Sephadex LH-20(瑞典Amersham Biosciences公司);大孔樹脂D101(天津波鴻樹脂科技有限公司);反相RP-18(40~75 μm)(日本Fuji公司);MCI CHP-20(75~150 μm)(日本三菱公司);石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇等有機(jī)試劑均為工業(yè)級溶劑,重蒸后使用;正丁醇、異丙醇為分析純(上海化工有限公司);10%硫酸烘烤顯色或碘蒸氣熏蒸顯色。
植物樣品2017年7月采自云南大理江尾,由大理大學(xué)藥學(xué)與化學(xué)學(xué)院張德全博士鑒定為圓葉牽牛(Pharbitis purpurea),植物標(biāo)本(編號:20170709-2)保存于大理大學(xué)藥物研究所姜北教授研究組。
1.2 提取和分離
干燥的圓葉牽牛全株4 kg,粉碎后以75%乙醇冷浸提取3次,提取液合并濃縮后得到浸膏749 g,浸膏以水分散,依次以乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取。取乙酸乙酯部位樣品(117 g)以適量粗硅膠(80~100目)拌樣,氯仿-丙酮混合溶劑梯度洗脫(1∶0~0∶1)硅膠柱色譜(300~400目),在TLC檢測下合并得10個流分(A-J)。
B組分經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯混合溶劑梯度洗脫(1∶0~0∶1),B2組分以石油醚-乙酸乙酯重結(jié)晶得到化合物1(50 mg);B3組分以石油醚重結(jié)晶得到化合物2(39 mg);B4-5組分以石油醚重結(jié)晶得到化合物3(22 mg)和4(42 mg)。
D組分進(jìn)行硅膠柱層析(石油醚-丙酮1∶0~0∶1),D2組分經(jīng)甲醇反復(fù)洗滌得到化合物7(106 mg)和8(69 mg)。
E組分經(jīng)MCI柱色譜(60%~100%甲醇/水),E2組分經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(氯仿-丙酮 1∶0~0∶1),E2-1以丙酮洗滌得到化合物9(15 mg);E2-6以甲醇洗滌得到化合物10(15 mg);E4組分經(jīng)甲醇洗滌得化合物12(66 mg);E7組分經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(氯仿-異丙醇1∶0~0∶1)、RP-18柱色譜(50%~100%甲醇/水)、Sephadex LH-20凝膠柱色譜(氯仿-甲醇 1∶1)等分離得到化合物5(6 mg)。
I組分甲醇不溶物經(jīng)氯仿-甲醇混合溶劑洗滌后得到化合物6(27.9 mg);該組分其余樣品經(jīng)MCI柱色譜(50%~100%甲醇/水)、硅膠柱層析(氯仿-甲醇 1∶0~0∶1)得到化合物11(779 mg)。
2 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物1 C30H50O,無色針晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯)。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 1.17 (3H, s, Me-28), 1.04 (3H, s, Me-27), 1.00 (3H, s, Me-29), 0.99 (3H, s, Me-26), 0.94 (3H, s, Me-30), 0.87 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, Me-23), 0.86 (3H, s, Me-25), 0.71 (3H, s, Me-24); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 22.3 (t, C-1), 41.5 (t, C-2), 213.3 (s, C=O), 58.2 (d, C-4), 42.2 (s, C-5), 41.3 (t, C-6), 18.2 (t, C-7), 53.1 (d, C-8), 37.4 (d, C-9), 59.5 (d, C-10), 35.6 (t, C-11), 30.5 (t, C-12), 39.7 (s, C-13), 38.3 (s, C-14), 32.4 (t, C-15), 36.0 (t, C-16), 30.0 (s, C-17), 42.8 (d, C-18), 35.3 (t, C-19), 28.2 (s, C-20), 32.8 (t, C-21), 39.3 (t, C-22), 6.8 (q, C-23), 14.7 (q, C-24), 18.0 (q, C-25), 20.3 (q, C-26), 18.7 (q, C-27), 32.1 (q, C-28), 31.8 (q, C-29), 35.0 (q, C-30)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(Klass et al., 1992),故鑒定化合物1為木栓酮。
化合物2 C30H52O,白色無定性粉末。1H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 3.99 (1H, brs, H-3), 1.32 (3H, s, Me-24), 1.25 (3H, s, Me-28), 1.20 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, Me-23), 1.11 (3H, s, Me-30), 1.10 (3H, s, Me-27), 1.05 (3H, s, Me-29), 1.05 (3H, s, Me-26), 0.99 (3H, s, Me-27); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 17.1 (t, C-1), 36.9 (t, C-2), 71.9 (d, C-3), 50.5 (d, C-4), 39.1 (s, C-5), 42.8 (t, C-6), 18.5 (t, C-7), 54.0 (d, C-8), 38.0 (d, C-9), 62.5 (d, C-10), 36.5 (t, C-11), 31.4 (t, C-12), 39.0 (s, C-13), 40.4 (s, C-14), 33.1 (t, C-15), 39.9 (t, C-16), 30.7 (s, C-17), 43.7 (d, C-18), 33.7 (t, C-19), 28.8 (s, C-20), 36.1 (t, C-21), 37.0 (t, C-22), 12.9 (q, C-23), 17.4 (q, C-24), 19.0 (q, C-25), 20.7 (q, C-26), 19.3 (q, C-27), 32.7 (q, C-28), 35.5 (q, C-29), 32.4 (q, C-30)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(Duwiejua et al., 1999),故鑒定化合物2為木栓烷醇。
化合物3 C30H50O,無色針晶(石油醚)。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.18 (1H, t, J = 3.7 Hz, H-12), 3.23 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 4.4 Hz, H-3a), 1.06 (3H, s, Me-27), 0.96 (3H, s, Me-26), 0.95 (3H, s, Me-25), 0.91 (3H, s, Me-30), 0.87 (3H, s, Me-23), 0.80 (3H, s, Me-28), 0.79 (3H, s, Me-24), 0.79 (3H, s, Me-29); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 38.6 (t, C-1), 27.2 (t, C-2), 79.0 (d, C-3), 38.8 (s, C-4), 55.2 (d, C-5), 18.4 (t, C-6), 32.6 (t, C-7), 38.8 (s, C-8), 47.6 (d, C-9), 36.9 (s, C-10), 23.5 (t, C-11), 121.7 (t, C-12), 145.2 (s, C-13), 41.7 (s, C-14), 26.2 (t, C-15), 26.9 (t, C-16), 32.5 (s, C-17), 47.2 (d, C-18), 46.8 (t, C-19), 31.1 (s, C-20), 34.7 (t, C-21), 37.1 (t, C-22), 28.1 (q, C-23), 15.5 (q, C-24), 15.6 (q, C-25), 16.8 (q, C-26), 26.0 (q, C-27), 28.4 (q, C-28), 33.4 (q, C-29), 23.7 (q, C-30)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(Fukunaga et al., 2009),故鑒定化合物3為β-香樹脂醇。
化合物4 C30H50O,無色針晶(石油醚)。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.12 (1H, t, J = 3.7 Hz, H-12), 3.21 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 4.4 Hz, H-3β), 1.13 (3H, s, Me-27), 0.99 (3H, s, Me-23), 0.99 (3H, s, Me-26), 0.93 (3H, s, Me-24), 0.87 (3H, overlap, Me-29), 0.86 (3H, overlap, Me-30), 0.83 (3H, s, Me-28), 0.79 (3H, s, Me-25); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 38.8 (t, C-1), 27.3 (t, C-2), 79.1 (d, C-3), 38.8 (s, C-4), 55.2 (d, C-5), 18.4 (t, C-6), 32.9 (t, C-7), 40.0 (s, C-8), 47.7 (d, C-9), 36.9 (s, C-10), 23.4 (t, C-11), 124.4 (t, C-12), 139.6 (s, C-13), 42.1 (s, C-14), 26.6 (t, C-15), 28.1 (t, C-16), 33.8 (s, C-17), 59.0 (d, C-18), 39.7 (t, C-19), 39.6 (s, C-20), 31.1 (t, C-21), 41.5 (t, C-22), 28.1 (q, C-23), 15.6 (q, C-24), 15.7 (q, C-25), 16.9 (q, C-26), 23.3 (q, C-27), 28.8 (q, C-28), 17.5 (q, C-29), 21.4 (q, C-30)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道一致(Lee et al., 2003),故鑒定化合物4為α-香樹脂醇。
化合物5 C29H48O2,無色針晶。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.81 (1H, s, H-4), 4.34 (1H, brs, H-6), 1.37 (3H, s, Me-19), 0.92 (3H, d, J = 6.3 Hz, Me-21), 0.84, 0.83,0.80 (各3H, overlap, Me-26, 27, 29), 0.74 (3H, s, Me-18); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 37.2 (t, C-1), 34.4 (t, C-2), 200.7 (s, C-3), 126.4 (d, C-4), 168.7 (s, C-5), 73.4 (d, C-6), 38.7 (t, C-7), 29.8 (d, C-8), 53.7 (d, C-9), 38.1 (s, C-10), 21.1 (t, C-11), 39.7 (t, C-12), 42.6 (s, C-13), 56.0 (d, C-14), 24.3 (t, C-15), 28.3 (t, C-16), 56.2 (d, C-17), 12.1 (q, C-18), 19.7 (q, C-19), 36.3 (d, C-20), 19.2 (q, C-21), 34.0 (t, C-22), 26.2 (t, C-23), 45.9 (d, C-24), 29.2 (d, C-25), 20.0 (q, C-26), 18.9 (q, C-27), 23.2 (t, C-28), 12.2 (q, C-29)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道一致(Niu et al., 2001),故鑒定化合物5為6β-羥基豆甾-4-烯-3-酮。
化合物6 C35H60O6,白色無定型粉末。1H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 5.36 (1H, brs, H-6), 5.10 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz, H-1′), 4.56 (1H, dd, J = 11.8, 2.4 Hz, H-6′a), 4.45 (1H, dd, J = 11.8, 5.2 Hz, H-6′b), 4.32 (2H, overlap, H-4′, 5′), 4.10 (1H, m, H-3), 4.01 (2H, overlap, H-2′, 3′), 1.00 (3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz, Me-21), 0.95 (3H, s, Me-19), 0.94 (3H, overlap, Me-26), 0.90 (3H, overlap, Me-27), 0.89 (3H, overlap, Me-29), 0.67 (3H, s, Me-18); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 37.6 (t, C-1), 30.3 (t, C-2), 78.7 (d, C-3), 40.5 (t, C-4), 141.0 (s, C-5), 122.0 (d, C-6), 34.3 (t, C-7), 32.3 (d, C-8), 50.4 (d, C-9), 37.6 (s, C-10), 21.4 (t, C-11), 39.4 (t, C-12), 42.6 (s, C-13), 57.0 (d, C-14), 24.6 (t, C-15) , 28.7 (t, C-16), 56.3 (d, C-17), 12.3 (q, C-18), 19.5 (q, C-19) , 36.5 (d, C-20), 19.3 (q, C-21), 34.3 (t, C-22), 26.5 (t, C-23), 46.1 (d, C-24), 29.5 (d, C-25), 20.1 (q, C-26), 19.5 (q, C-27), 32.3 (t, C-28), 12.3 (q, C-29), 102.7 (d, C-1′), 75.4 (d, C-2′), 78.2 (d, C-3′), 71.8 (d, C-4′), 78.7 (d, C-5′), 63.0 (t, C-6′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(Cho et al., 2012),故鑒定化合物6為胡蘿卜苷。
化合物7 C29H50O,無色針晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯)。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.35 (1H, brs,H-6), 3.52 (1H, m, H-3α), 1.01 (3H, s, Me-19), 0.92 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, Me-21), 0.85, 0.82, 0.81 (各3H, overlap, Me-26, 27, 29), 0.68 (3H, s, Me-18); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 37.3 (t, C-1), 31.6 (t, C-2),71.8 (d, C-3), 42.3 (t, C-4), 140.8 (s, C-5), 121.7 (d, C-6), 31.9 (t, C-7), 31.6 (d, C-8), 50.1 (d, C-9), 37.3 (s, C-10), 21.9 (t, C-11), 39.8 (t, C-12), 42.3 (s, C-13), 56.8 (d, C-14), 24.3 (t, C-15), 29.1 (t, C-16), 56.1 (d, C-17), 12.0 (q, C-18), 19.4 (q, C-19), 36.5 (d, C-20), 19.4 (q, C-21), 33.9 (t, C-22), 26.1 (t, C-23), 45.8 (d, C-24), 29.2 (d, C-25), 19.8 (q, C-26), 18.8 (q, C-27), 24.3 (t, C-28), 11.9 (q, C-29)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(Nirmal et al., 2012),故鑒定化合物7為β-谷甾醇。
化合物8 C29H48O,無色針晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯)。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), δ: 5.35 (1H, brs, H-6), 5.15 (1H, dd, J = 15.2, 8.5 Hz, H-23), 5.01 (1H, dd, J = 15.2, 8.5 Hz, H-22), 3.52 (1H, m, H-3SymbolaA@ ), 1.01 (3H, s, Me-19), 0.92 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, Me-21), 0.84, 0.83, 0.80 (各3H, overlap, Me-26, 27, 29), 0.70 (3H, s, Me-18); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 37.4 (t, C-1), 31.5 (t, C-2), 71.8 (d, C-3), 42.6 (t, C-4), 140.8 (s, C-5), 121.7 (d, C-6), 32.4 (t, C-7), 32.1(d, C-8), 50.7 (d, C-9), 36.5 (s, C-10), 21.2 (t, C-11), 40.5 (t, C-12), 42.2 (s, C-13), 56.2 (d, C-14), 23.1 (t, C-15), 29.2 (t, C-16), 56.9 (d, C-17), 12.1 (q, C-18), 19.8 (q, C-19), 40.5 (d, C-20), 21.2 (q, C-21), 138.3 (d, C-22), 129.3 (d, C-23), 51.2 (d, C-24), 31.9 (d, C-25), 19.0 (q, C-26), 21.2 (q, C-27), 25.4 (t, C-28), 12.3 (q, C-29)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(Tanaka et al., 2013),故鑒定化合物8為豆甾醇。
化合物9 C9H6O3,淡黃色粉末。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.84 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-5), 6.79 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.3 Hz, H-6), 6.70 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz, H-8), 6.18 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, H-3); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 163.7 (s, C-2), 112.3 (d, C-3), 146.0 (d, C-4), 113.1 (s, C-4a), 130.7 (d, C-5), 114.5 (d, C-6), 163.1 (s, C-7), 103.4 (d, C-8), 157.2 (s, C-8a)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(An et al., 2005),故鑒定化合物9為7-羥基香豆素。
化合物10 C17H16O4,白色粉末。1H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 8.15 (1H, d, J = 15.6 Hz, H-7), 7.56 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-2, 6), 7.27 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 7.16 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 7.13 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-3, 5), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 15.6 Hz, H-8), 3.89 (2H, m, H-8′), 3.03 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz, H-7′); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 127.3 (s, C-1), 130.3 (d, C-2, 6), 117.0 (d, C-3, 5), 160.8 (s, C-4), 140.5 (d, C-7), 119.7 (d, C-8), 167.2 (s, C-9), 130.8 (d, C-1′), 130.7 (d, C-2′, 6′), 116.6 (d, C-3′, 5′), 157.7 (s, C-4′), 36.0 (s, C-7′), 42.3 (s, C-8′)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(鄧京振和趙守訓(xùn), 1993),故鑒定化合物10為對香豆酸-對羥基苯乙醇酯。
化合物11 C30H26O13,黃色粉末。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.96 (2H, d, J = 8.9 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 7.37 (H, d, J = 16.0 Hz, H-3), 7.28 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, H-5, 9), 6.77 ( 4H, overlap, H-3′, 5′, H-6, 8), 6.27 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.10 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz, H-6), 6.04 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz, H-2), 5.22 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-1″), 4.28 (1H, dd, J = 11.8, 2.3 Hz, H-6″a), 4.17 (1H, dd, J = 11.8, 6.6 Hz, H-6″b), 3.45 (3H, overlap, H-2″, 3″, 5″), 3.32 (1H, overlap, H-4″); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 159.3 (s, C-2), 135.2 (s, C-3), 179.4 (s, C-4), 162.9 (s, C-5), 100.0 (d, C-6), 166.0 (s, C-7), 94.8 (d, C-8), 158.4 (s, C-9), 105.5 (s, C-10), 122.7 (s, C-1′), 132.2 (d, C-2′, 6′), 116.0 (d, C-3′, 5′), 161.2 (s, C-4′), 104.0 (d, C-1″), 75.8 (d, C-2″), 75.7 (d, C-3″), 71.7 (d, C-4″), 78.0 (d, C-5″), 64.3 (t, C-6″), 168.8 (s, C-1), 114.7 (d, C-2), 146.5 (d, C-3), 127.0 (s, C-4), 131.2 (d, C-5, 9), 116.8 (d, C-6, 8), 161.5 (s, C-7)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(Tsukamoto et al., 2004),故鑒定化合物11為山奈酚香豆?;咸堰拎擒?。
化合物12 C19H40O4,白色粉末。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3Cl) δ: 4.18 (1H, dd, J = 11.6, 4.8 Hz, H-1a), 4.13 (1H, dd, J = 11.6, 6.1 Hz, H-1b), 3.92 (1H, m, H-2), 3.69 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 3.9 Hz, H-3a), 3.58 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 5.9 Hz, H-3b), 2.34 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, H-2′), 1.61 (2H, m, H-3′), 1.33-1.24 (24H, brs, H-4′ to 15′), 0.87 (3H, t, J = 6.8 Hz, H-16′); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3Cl) δ: 65.2 (t, C-1), 74.0 (d, C-2), 63.5 (t, C-3), 174.5 (s, C-1′), 34.2 (t, C-2′), 25.0 (t, C-3′), 29.3-29.8 (t, C-4′ to C-13′), 32.0 (t, C-14′), 22.8 (t, C-15′), 14.3 (q, C-16′)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報道基本一致(傅宏征等, 1997; 吳少華等, 2005),故鑒定化合物12為單棕櫚酸甘油酯。
3 討論
本研究共由圓葉牽牛乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位分離鑒定了12個化學(xué)成分,包括4個三萜類化合物、4個甾體類化合物、2個苯丙素類化合物、1個黃酮類化合物及1個脂肪酸類化合物,其中有7個化合物(2~5、10~12)為首次從該屬植物中分離得到;通過查閱文獻(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)部分化合物有不同程度的鎮(zhèn)痛活性。Da et al. (2011)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物3和4通過激活大麻素受體,抑制細(xì)胞因子的產(chǎn)生,抑制NF-κB、CREB和環(huán)氧合酶2的表達(dá),在持續(xù)傷害感覺模型中具有持久的鎮(zhèn)痛作用和抗炎作用,指出化合物3和4可能是一種潛在的止痛分子。吳龍火等(2011)發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物9在小鼠二甲苯致耳朵腫脹實驗中能較強(qiáng)抑制小鼠耳腫脹。本實驗組前期研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),化合物7在醋酸致小鼠扭體實驗中能減少小鼠扭體次數(shù),具有一定鎮(zhèn)痛活性(單華, 2017)。由此初步推斷,前期研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的圓葉牽牛具有鎮(zhèn)痛活性應(yīng)該具有一定的合理性。然而,鑒于本研究所分離得到的化合物質(zhì)量很少,加之沒有對這些成分在樣品中的總體含量進(jìn)行分析測定,因此,上述化合物是否就是圓葉牽牛中的鎮(zhèn)痛活性成分尚無法明確,相關(guān)活性成分及鎮(zhèn)痛機(jī)制仍有待進(jìn)一步研究。
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