王健 肖小莉 崔佳 王磊 樊婷婷 張維
中圖分類號(hào) R285;R441.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1001-0408(2019)05-0608-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2019.05.07
摘 要 目的:研究8-O-乙酰山梔子苷甲酸(8-OaS)對(duì)慢性炎性痛模型大鼠脊髓背角內(nèi)組蛋白去乙酰化酶1~5(HDAC1~5)表達(dá)的影響及與Janus激酶2-信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄活化因子3(JAK2-STAT3)信號(hào)通路的關(guān)系。方法:取SD大鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組、假手術(shù)組(生理鹽水)、完全弗氏佐劑(CFA)組(生理鹽水)和8-OaS低、中、高劑量組(2、20、200 μg/kg),每組6只,除正常對(duì)照組和假手術(shù)組外,其余各組大鼠左側(cè)后足趾側(cè)皮下注射CFA復(fù)制慢性炎性痛模型,建模后腹腔注射相應(yīng)藥物,每日1次,連續(xù)7 d。采用熱輻射法檢測(cè)首次給藥第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、11、15天大鼠的縮足潛伏期。另取大鼠按上述后5組方法進(jìn)行分組給藥,采用Western blot法檢測(cè)大鼠末次給藥后腰膨大節(jié)段脊髓背角中HDAC1~5、磷酸化JAK2(pJAK2)、磷酸化STAT3(pSTAT3)蛋白表達(dá)情況。再另取大鼠隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組(生理鹽水)、CFA組(生理鹽水)、8-OaS組(20 μg/kg)和JAK2-STAT3的拮抗藥α-氰基-(3,4-羥基)-N-芐苯乙烯胺(AG490)組(8 mg/kg),每組6只,同上法復(fù)制IP模型后腹腔注射相應(yīng)藥物,每日1次,連續(xù)7 d,采用免疫熒光組織化學(xué)染色觀察各組大鼠HDAC5和膠質(zhì)纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)在脊髓背角的表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果:與正常對(duì)照組和假手術(shù)組比較,其余各組大鼠的縮足潛伏期均明顯縮短(P<0.05);與CFA組比較,8-OaS低、中、高劑量組大鼠的縮足潛伏期均明顯延長(zhǎng)(P<0.05),且呈劑量依賴性。與假手術(shù)組比較,CFA組大鼠脊髓背角中HDAC1~5、pJAK2、pSTAT3蛋白表達(dá)均明顯增強(qiáng)(P<0.05);與CFA組比較,8-OaS低、中、高劑量組大鼠脊髓背角中HDAC5、pJAK2、pSTAT3蛋白表達(dá)均明顯降低(P<0.05),但HDAC1~4蛋白表達(dá)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。HDAC5大量表達(dá)于星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上,與假手術(shù)組比較,CFA組大鼠脊髓背角中GFAP和HDAC5表達(dá)均明顯增強(qiáng)(P<0.05);與CFA組比較,8-OaS組和AG490組大鼠脊髓背角中GFAP和HDAC5表達(dá)均明顯降低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:8-OaS可有效緩解由CFA誘導(dǎo)的慢性炎性痛,其機(jī)制可能與下調(diào)脊髓背角中HDAC5表達(dá)和JAK2、STAT3的磷酸化水平有關(guān)。
關(guān)鍵詞 8-O-乙酰山梔子苷甲酸;慢性炎性痛;組蛋白去乙?;?;星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞;Janus激酶2-信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄活化因子3;大鼠
Study on the Effects of 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside Methylester on the Expression of HDAC 1-5 in the Spinal Dorsal Horn of Rats with Chronic Inflammatory Pain and Its Relationship with JAK2-STAT3 Signaling Pathway
WANG Jian1,2,XIAO Xiaoli3,CUI Jia1,WANG Lei1,F(xiàn)AN Tingting1,ZHANG Wei1(1.Dept. of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;2.Dept. of Ambulatorium, No. 94750 Military Hospital of PLA, Fujian Liancheng 366200, China;3.Dept. of Rheumatology, the Affiliated TCM Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside methylester (8-OaS) on the expression of histone deacetylase 1-5 (HDAC1-5) in the spinal dorsal horn of chronic inflammatory pain model rats, and its relationship with Janus-activated kinase 2-signal transductions and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2-STAT3) signaling pathway. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operation group (normal saline), complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) group (normal saline), 8-OaS low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups (2, 20, 200 μg/kg), with 6 rats in each group. Except for normal control group and sham operation group, chronic inflammatory pain model was induced by subcutaneous injection of CFA into the left hind toe of rats in other groups; after modeling, those groups were given relevant medicine intraperitoneally, once a day, for consecutive 7 d. Thermal radiation method was used to detect the latency of paw withdraw in rats on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 11th and 15th day of administration. Rats were grouped and given medicine according to the above method of the latter 5 groups. The protein expression of HDAC 1-5, phosphorylated JAK2 (pJAK2) and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in the spinal dorsal horn of lumbar enlargement segment in rats were detected by Western blot method after last medication. Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (normal saline), CFA group (normal saline), 8-OaS group (20 μg/kg) and JAK2-STAT3 inhibtor AG490 group (8 mg/kg), with 6 rats in each group; IP model was established by same method as above and then were given relevant medicine intraperitoneally, once a day, for consecutive 7 d. The expression of HDAC5 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in spinal dorsal horn of rats were detected by immunofluorescence histochemical staining. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group and sham operation group, the latency of paw withdraw was shortened significantly in other groups (P<0.05). Compared with CFA group, the latency of paw withdraw was prolonged significantly in 8-OaS low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups (P<0.05), in dose-dependent manner. Compared with sham operation group, the protein expression of HDAC 1-5, pJAK2 and pSTAT3 in spinal dorsal horn of rats were increased significantly in CFA group (P<0.05). Compared with CFA group, the protein expression of HDAC5, pJAK2 and pSTAT3 in spinal dorsal horn of rats were decreased significantly in 8-OaS low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups (P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance in the protein expression of HDAC 1-4 (P>0.05). HDAC5 was expressed on astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn; compared with sham operation group, the expression of GFAP and HDAC 5 were increased significantly in spinal dorsal horn of rats in CFA group (P<0.05). Compared with CFA group, the expression of GFAP and HDAC5 in spinal dorsal horn of rats were decreased significantly in 8-OaS group and AG490 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 8-OaS can effectively relieve CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain, the mechanism of which may be associated with the down-regulation of HDAC5 expression and the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3.
KEYWORDS 8-O-acetyl-safalinoside; Chronic inflammatory pain; Histone deacetylase; Astrocytes; JAK2-STAT3; Rats
慢性疼痛(Chronic pain)是一種不愉快的軀體感覺和情感經(jīng)歷,與潛在的組織損傷或神經(jīng)功能紊亂相關(guān)[1-2]。慢性疼痛病情遷延不愈,其發(fā)生嚴(yán)重影響了患者的生活質(zhì)量和精神狀態(tài),加之缺乏有效的治療方法、鎮(zhèn)痛藥物副作用大等缺點(diǎn),使該癥成為當(dāng)前困擾人類健康較嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題之一[如外傷、神經(jīng)壓迫、感染及癌癥等導(dǎo)致的慢性炎性痛(Chronic inflammatory pain)][3-4]。既往研究表明,在IP狀態(tài)下,大鼠脊髓背角內(nèi)的膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)元被序貫激活,兩者共同參與了慢性疼痛的發(fā)生與發(fā)展過(guò)程;此外,慢性疼痛的維持可能與星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的關(guān)系更為密切,其機(jī)制可能與脊髓背角星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄活化因子3(Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3,STAT3)的激活有關(guān)[5]。亦有研究報(bào)道稱,骨癌痛模型大鼠脊髓背角膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化明顯,組蛋白去乙酰化酶(Histone deacetylases,HDACs)表達(dá)顯著上調(diào),給予雷公藤內(nèi)脂醇能夠顯著緩解模型大鼠的痛閾,其機(jī)制可能與抑制脊髓背角膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中HDACs的上調(diào)、阻斷膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活誘導(dǎo)的神經(jīng)炎癥有關(guān)[6]。由此可見,Janus激酶2-信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄活化因子3(Janus-activated kinase 2-singal transducers and activators of transcription 3,JAK2-STAT3)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路和HDACs在疼痛的發(fā)生與發(fā)展過(guò)程中具有重要意義。
獨(dú)一味系藏族習(xí)用藥材,為唇形科植物獨(dú)一味[Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo]的干燥地上部分。已有研究表明,該藥除傳統(tǒng)的活血止血、祛風(fēng)止痛作用外,其有效成分8-O-乙酰山梔子苷甲酸(8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside methylester,8-OaS)具有明顯緩解慢性痛的功效[7]。因此,筆者結(jié)合疼痛發(fā)生的機(jī)制及8-OaS的鎮(zhèn)痛特性,探究HDAC1~5與JAK2-STAT3信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路之間的關(guān)系,為臨床慢性炎性痛的治療提供可靠的實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
1 材料
1.1 儀器
Hargreaves型熱痛儀(美國(guó)Stoeling公司);CM1950型冷凍切片機(jī)(德國(guó)Leica公司);TS-1型搖床(江蘇其林貝爾儀器制造有限公司);3K30型低溫離心機(jī)(美國(guó)Sigma公司);BX-60型共聚焦激光顯微鏡(日本Olympus株式社會(huì));PT 1200E型超聲組織勻漿機(jī)(路易企業(yè)有限公司);ChemiDocTM MP System 全能型成像系統(tǒng)(美國(guó)Bio-Rad公司)。
1.2 藥品與試劑
8-OaS(批號(hào):766720,純度:≥97%)、完全弗氏佐劑(CFA,批號(hào):F5881)、JAK2-STAT3的拮抗藥α-氰基-(3,4-羥基)-N-芐苯乙烯胺(AG490,批號(hào):T3434,純度:99.99%)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司;小鼠抗膠質(zhì)纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫球蛋白G(IgG)(美國(guó)Santa Cruz Biotechnology公司,批號(hào):sc-58766);兔抗酪氨酸蛋白激酶JAK2 IgG、兔抗STAT3 IgG和兔抗HDAC1~5 IgG(美國(guó)Cell Signaling Technology公司,批號(hào):3230T、9139S、2062、57156、60538、2072、20458);Biotin結(jié)合的驢抗兔IgG和Cy3標(biāo)記的親和素(Avidin)(美國(guó)Jackson Immuno-Research公司,批號(hào):211-065-109、211-165- 109);Alexa488結(jié)合的驢抗小鼠IgG(美國(guó)Jackson Immuno-Research公司,批號(hào):211-545-109);辣根過(guò)氧化物酶(HRP)結(jié)合的驢抗小鼠IgG、HRP結(jié)合的驢抗兔IgG(北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司,批號(hào):SC-2064、ZDR-5308);小鼠抗β-肌動(dòng)蛋白(β-actin)IgG(美國(guó)Sigma公司,批號(hào):A1978);10%十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠(PAGE)(美國(guó)Bio-Rad公司);聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜(美國(guó)Millipore公司);組織裂解液(北京百奧萊博科技有限公司,貨號(hào):BL1357);增強(qiáng)化學(xué)發(fā)光(ECL)液(北京拜爾迪診斷技術(shù)有限公司,貨號(hào):K-12045-D50)。
1.3 動(dòng)物
二級(jí)清潔級(jí)健康SD大鼠,♂,體質(zhì)量約220~250 g,由空軍軍醫(yī)大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心提供[實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)許可證號(hào):SCXK(軍)2012-0007]。所有大鼠于恒溫22~25 ℃下飼養(yǎng),并保證12 h的光照,可自由攝取水和食物。所有的實(shí)驗(yàn)均在空軍軍醫(yī)大學(xué)動(dòng)物研究倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)下進(jìn)行。
2 方法與結(jié)果
2.1 造模
大鼠分別于左側(cè)后足趾側(cè)皮下注射CFA 50 μL構(gòu)建慢性炎性痛模型[8],假手術(shù)大鼠同法注射50 μL生理鹽水,正常對(duì)照大鼠不做處理。
2.2 8-OaS的鎮(zhèn)痛效果
2.2.1 分組與給藥 取大鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組、假手術(shù)組(生理鹽水)、CFA組(生理鹽水)和8-OaS低、中、高劑量組(2、20、200 μg/kg),每組6只。CFA和8-OaS的給藥劑量設(shè)定依據(jù)本研究組既往研究[8-9]。除正常對(duì)照組大鼠全程不做任何處理外,其余各組大鼠均從造模后第1天開始腹腔注射相應(yīng)藥物進(jìn)行干預(yù),每日1次,連續(xù)7 d。每次給藥時(shí)間嚴(yán)格控制在同一時(shí)間范圍(一般安排在行為學(xué)測(cè)試之后),實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程安排同一人進(jìn)行操作。
2.2.2 行為學(xué)測(cè)試 采用熱輻射法檢測(cè)各組大鼠給藥第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、11、15天的縮足潛伏期。測(cè)試前將Hargreaves熱痛儀基礎(chǔ)溫度調(diào)至37 ℃,將所有實(shí)驗(yàn)大鼠放入罩有透明罩的有機(jī)材料檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上,待適應(yīng)20 min時(shí),將熱光源發(fā)射器對(duì)準(zhǔn)大鼠左側(cè)足底注射部位,啟動(dòng)開關(guān)并開始計(jì)時(shí),仔細(xì)觀察在照射的過(guò)程中若大鼠出現(xiàn)縮左足行為則被視為陽(yáng)性,同時(shí)關(guān)閉發(fā)射器開關(guān)并讀取時(shí)間,記為縮足潛伏期,否則視為陰性。出現(xiàn)陽(yáng)性行為的時(shí)間誤差值控制在0.1 s范圍內(nèi),檢測(cè)時(shí)間不能超過(guò)30 s,避免損傷大鼠后足。
2.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理與測(cè)定結(jié)果 采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,組間比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示,與正常對(duì)照組和假手術(shù)組比較,其余各組大鼠的縮足潛伏期均明顯縮短(P<0.05)。與CFA組比較,8-OaS低、中、高劑量組大鼠的縮足潛伏期均明顯延長(zhǎng)(P<0.05),且呈劑量依賴性。各組大鼠的縮足潛伏期測(cè)定結(jié)果見圖1。
2.3 8-OaS干預(yù)狀態(tài)下HDAC1~5及JAK2-STAT3信號(hào)通路的表達(dá)
2.3.1 分組與給藥 取大鼠隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組、CFA組和8-OaS低、中、高劑量組,每組6只,給藥方法同“2.2.1”項(xiàng)。
2.3.2 Western blot法檢測(cè)HDAC1~5、pJAK2、pSTAT3蛋白表達(dá) 各組大鼠末次給藥后,腹腔注射水合氯醛(280 mg/kg),待深麻醉后迅速開胸并搭建體外循環(huán)灌注通道,用事先預(yù)冷的0.01 mol/L 磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS,pH為7.2~7.4)快速?zèng)_去體內(nèi)流動(dòng)的循環(huán)血,并于冰塊上均勻分離腰膨大節(jié)段脊髓背角,加至提前溶解了磷酸酶抑制劑和蛋白酶抑制劑的組織裂解液中。使用超聲組織勻漿機(jī)低溫勻漿裂解,吸取勻漿裂解液至1.5 mL離心管中,于4 ℃下、以12 000 r/min離心5 min,使用BCA法對(duì)離心管中的上清液進(jìn)行蛋白定量,并進(jìn)行10%的SDS-PAGE電泳分離,并將分離后的蛋白轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF膜上,以5%脫脂奶粉封閉2 h,TBST溶液洗膜3次,每次10 min,加入一抗[兔抗HDAC1~5 IgG(稀釋比例: 1 ∶ 200)、兔抗pJAK2(稀釋比例:1 ∶ 300)、pSTAT3(稀釋比例:1 ∶ 300)及小鼠抗GFAP IgG(稀釋比例:1 ∶ 800)、小鼠抗β-actin IgG(稀釋比例:1 ∶ 500)],于4 ℃下孵育12 h后,用TBST溶液清洗3次,每次10 min,分別加入HRP結(jié)合的驢抗兔IgG和HRP結(jié)合的驢抗小鼠IgG(稀釋比例均為1 ∶ 1 000),于室溫下孵育1~2 h后,用TBST溶液洗膜3次,每次10 min,添加ECL液后置于成像系統(tǒng)下掃描熒光條帶,采用Image Lab 5.1軟件分析光密度值,以β-actin為內(nèi)參,以相應(yīng)蛋白與內(nèi)參的光密度比值表示相應(yīng)蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
2.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理與測(cè)定結(jié)果 采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,單因素方差分析比較各組大鼠蛋白定量數(shù)據(jù)的差異,邦弗朗尼(Bonferroni)事后檢定/檢驗(yàn)法檢驗(yàn)組間差異。結(jié)果顯示,與假手術(shù)組比較,CFA組大鼠脊髓背角中HDAC1~5、pJAK2、pSTAT3蛋白表達(dá)均明顯增強(qiáng)(P<0.05)。與CFA組比較,8-OaS低、中、高劑量組大鼠脊髓背角中HDAC5、pJAK2、pSTAT3蛋白表達(dá)均明顯降低(P<0.05),HDAC1~4蛋白表達(dá)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。各組大鼠脊髓背角中HDAC1~5、pJAK2、pSTAT3蛋白表達(dá)的電泳圖見圖2,測(cè)定結(jié)果見表1。
2.4 8-OaS是否通過(guò)抑制JAK2-STAT3信號(hào)通路的激活影響HDAC5的表達(dá)
2.4.1 分組與給藥 取大鼠隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組(生理鹽水)、CFA組(生理鹽水)、8-OaS組(20 μg/kg)和AG490組(8 mg/kg),每組6只。給藥方法同“2.2.1”項(xiàng)。AG490的給藥劑量設(shè)定依據(jù)本研究組既往研究[10]。
2.4.2 免疫熒光組織化學(xué)染色檢測(cè)GFAP、HDAC5表達(dá) 大鼠末次給藥后,腹腔注射水合氯醛(280 mg/kg),待深麻醉后迅速開胸灌注沖去機(jī)體內(nèi)流動(dòng)的循環(huán)血液,加入固定液(含pH為7.2~7.4的PBS和4%多聚甲醛)固定。取出腰膨大節(jié)段置于上述固定液中繼續(xù)固定2 h后,以4 ℃、30%蔗糖溶液脫水48 h,用冷凍切片機(jī)橫切(厚度為20~30 μm),用PBS清洗3次,每次5 min,隨后用5%山羊血清室溫封閉2 h,滴加小鼠抗GFAP IgG(稀釋比例:1 ∶ 800)和兔抗HDAC5 IgG(稀釋比例:1 ∶ 200),于室溫下孵育1 h后,再于4 ℃下孵育48 h,用PBS清洗3次,每次5 min,加入Biotin結(jié)合的驢抗兔IgG(稀釋比例:1 ∶ 500),于室溫下孵育6 h;PBS再次漂洗5 min×3次后,于室溫滴加Alexa488標(biāo)記的驢抗小鼠IgG和Cy3標(biāo)記的Avidin(稀釋比例均為1 ∶ 500 ),室溫放置4 h,PBS再次漂洗5 min×3次后于暗光下將薄片置于載玻片上,待水分自然蒸發(fā)后以熒光封片劑封片,使用共聚焦激光顯微鏡觀察GFAP與HDAC5的雙重標(biāo)記情況,定量分析GFAP與HDAC5表達(dá)情況。
2.4.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理與測(cè)定結(jié)果 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法同“2.3.3”項(xiàng)。結(jié)果顯示,HDAC5大量表達(dá)于星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞上。與假手術(shù)組比較,CFA組大鼠脊髓背角中GFAP和HDAC5表達(dá)均明顯增強(qiáng)(P<0.05);與CFA組比較,8-OaS組和AG490組大鼠脊髓背角中GFAP和HDAC5表達(dá)均明顯降低(P<0.05)。大鼠脊髓背角中GFAP與HDAC5表達(dá)的熒光圖見圖3,電泳圖見圖4,測(cè)定結(jié)果見表2。
3 討論
本實(shí)驗(yàn)基于前期研究探索8-OaS對(duì)慢性炎性痛的改善情況及機(jī)制探討[9]。通過(guò)CFA足趾側(cè)皮下注射構(gòu)建慢性炎性痛模型,采用Western blot法檢測(cè)8-OaS干預(yù)后大鼠脊髓背角內(nèi)HDAC1~5的表達(dá)改變。之后通過(guò)免疫熒光雙標(biāo)染色方法觀察到脊髓背角內(nèi)HDAC5與星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的標(biāo)記物GFAP大量共存;Western blot結(jié)果進(jìn)一步提示腹腔給予8-OaS能夠顯著抑制JAK2-STAT3胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路。加用JAK2-STAT3的拮抗藥AG490后結(jié)果顯示,8-OaS通過(guò)降低JAK2-STAT3胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的磷酸化進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)HDAC5的抑制從而達(dá)到對(duì)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化的抑制作用。
當(dāng)外周組織或神經(jīng)受損時(shí),脊髓背角內(nèi)小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞會(huì)相繼被活化,活化的膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞會(huì)釋放大量的趨化因子,募集膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞釋放更多的炎癥因子,加劇脊髓背角的炎癥反應(yīng),這些炎癥因子結(jié)合神經(jīng)元上的相應(yīng)受體可活化神經(jīng)元,促進(jìn)慢性疼痛的發(fā)生與發(fā)展[11-14]。既往研究證實(shí),小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞主要在慢性疼痛形成階段達(dá)到活化高峰,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞于慢性疼痛穩(wěn)定時(shí)激活明顯[5]。因此,抑制星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化對(duì)慢性疼痛的緩解顯得尤為重要。作為神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)數(shù)量較多的細(xì)胞之一,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞主要對(duì)神經(jīng)元起到營(yíng)養(yǎng)、支持以及維持脊髓背角微環(huán)境穩(wěn)定的作用。
HDACs是一類核內(nèi)蛋白酶,主要對(duì)染色體的結(jié)構(gòu)和基因表達(dá)具有修飾和調(diào)控的作用[15]。組蛋白乙?;潭鹊母淖兡軌蛴绊懴嚓P(guān)基因的表達(dá)。而組蛋白去乙?;絼t發(fā)揮相反的作用。既往研究表明,HDACs在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用,參與腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、分化以及轉(zhuǎn)移,并且給予HDACs的抑制劑能夠發(fā)揮明顯的抗腫瘤特性[16-17]。亦有研究報(bào)道稱,HDACs的上調(diào)有助于改善脊髓背角膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的病理變化和骨癌引起的慢性疼痛,其機(jī)制可能是通過(guò)抑制脊髓背角膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中HDACs的上調(diào),然后阻斷膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活誘導(dǎo)的神經(jīng)炎癥[18]。結(jié)合上述資料,本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果提示,HDAC1~5參與了CFA誘發(fā)慢性炎性痛的過(guò)程,且慢性炎性痛時(shí)其表達(dá)明顯增強(qiáng)。腹腔給予8-OaS后,可顯著緩解CFA誘發(fā)的熱痛閾,HDAC5作為HDAC1~5中唯一改變的蛋白分子,其表達(dá)和星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的激活均得到顯著抑制,從而阻礙了慢性炎性痛的發(fā)生與發(fā)展,這符合筆者設(shè)想的HDAC5與星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞與慢性炎性痛的形成密切相關(guān)。
有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),慢性疼痛時(shí),脊髓背角星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)的STAT3磷酸化水平會(huì)顯著提高,并且給予STAT3的抑制劑可觀察到大鼠術(shù)側(cè)痛閾明顯增加[5]。當(dāng)JAK2信號(hào)分子在白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)等促炎癥因子作用下發(fā)生磷酸化時(shí),緊接著其下游分子STAT3也會(huì)發(fā)生磷酸化。而磷酸化的STAT3分子會(huì)影響細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制蛋白3(SOCS3)、細(xì)胞因子以及干擾素(IFN-α、IFN-β)等分子表達(dá)[19]。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,筆者給予慢性炎性痛模型大鼠JAK2-STAT3信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的拮抗藥AG490進(jìn)行人為干預(yù),觀察到AG490在分子水平上不僅可以降低JAK2和STAT3的表達(dá),還可以間接抑制HDAC5的表達(dá),說(shuō)明JAK2- STAT3信號(hào)通路參與了慢性炎性痛的形成,并與HDAC5的抑制相關(guān)。
8-OaS作為傳統(tǒng)中藥獨(dú)一味的有效成分之一,其藥理活性強(qiáng),抗炎性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定。目前在臨床上,獨(dú)一味作為一種口服抗炎藥被廣泛應(yīng)用。本研究組前期結(jié)果顯示,鞘內(nèi)給予8-OaS可以有效緩解大鼠IP癥狀,其機(jī)制可能與8-OaS抑制了脊髓背角內(nèi)的炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān)[8]。本研究結(jié)果表明,8-OaS能夠顯著緩解IP,鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)間持續(xù)久,且呈劑量依賴性。其次,HDAC1~5參與了IP的形成,而8-OaS可以特異性下調(diào)HDAC5的表達(dá)進(jìn)而影響星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化,并且給予JAK2-STAT3信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的拮抗藥AG490后效果與單獨(dú)給予8-OaS相當(dāng),故推測(cè)8-OaS可能通過(guò)抑制JAK2-STAT3信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的激活下調(diào)了HDAC5的表達(dá),但具體機(jī)制有待研究的進(jìn)一步深入。并且8-OaS是否還可能通過(guò)其他途徑影響星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化有待進(jìn)一步探究。本研究存在一定的局限性,雖然在CFA誘導(dǎo)的IP模型大鼠中未見HDAC1~4的改變,但該研究尚未在JAK2-STAT3信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路抑制后,研究HDAC1~4的表達(dá)情況,設(shè)計(jì)上缺乏嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,無(wú)法全面排除實(shí)驗(yàn)的偶然性,在之后的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究過(guò)程中需要注意。
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(收稿日期:2018-09-04 修回日期:2018-12-14)
(編輯:鄒麗娟)