林舟 劉林麗 林培紅 賴雪丹
[摘要] 目的 記錄同時(shí)切除全子宮及雙側(cè)輸卵管圍絕經(jīng)期婦女的手術(shù)前后的改良Kupperman評(píng)分,觀察手術(shù)切除對(duì)婦女近期圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀的影響。 方法 回顧性分析2016 年1月1~2018年12 月我院行經(jīng)腹腔鏡全子宮及雙側(cè)輸卵管切除的圍絕經(jīng)期患者, 記錄患者術(shù)前術(shù)后患者改良Kupperman評(píng)分表。再根據(jù)獲得完整資料的72例患者的年齡,分為A組45歲≤年齡<50歲,共42例,B組50歲≤年齡≤55歲,共30例,再次分析Kupperman評(píng)分值有無(wú)變化。 結(jié)果 術(shù)后改良Kupperman評(píng)分明顯高于術(shù)前,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=10.366,P=0.052),細(xì)化年齡后,發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡<50歲者術(shù)前Kupperman評(píng)分明顯低于術(shù)后,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=11.89,P=0.018);而年齡>50歲組,術(shù)前Kupperman評(píng)分與術(shù)后平相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.091,P=0.343)。其中性生活質(zhì)量下降與術(shù)前相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 年齡<50歲的圍絕經(jīng)期患者行全子宮雙輸卵管切除后可能會(huì)加重婦女的圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 圍絕經(jīng)期;改良kupperman評(píng)分;全子宮及雙輸卵管切除術(shù);圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀
[中圖分類號(hào)] R713.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2019)21-0066-04
The effect of peri-menopausal uterus and bilateral salpingectomy on recent peri-menopausal symptoms assessed by Kupperman score
LIN Zhou? ?LIU Linli? ?LIN Peihong? ?LAI Xuedan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital of Fuzhou City, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, China
[Abstract] Objective To record the modified Kupperman scores before and after surgery in women with perimenopausal uterus and bilateral salpingectomy, and to observe the effect of surgical resection on women's recent perimenopausal symptoms. Methods The peri-menopausal patients who underwent laparoscopic uterine and bilateral salpingectomy in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The modified Kupperman score for patients before and after surgery was recorded. According to the age of 72 patients who obtained complete data, the patients were divided into group A(45 years old≤age<50, n=42), and group B (50 years old≤age≤55, n=30). And the Kupperman score was analyzed again. Results Although the postoperative modified Kupperman score was significantly higher than that before surgery, the difference was not statistically significant(t=10.366, P=0.052). However, after refining the age, the preoperative Kupperman score in the patients with age <50 years old was significantly lower than that after surgery. The difference was statistically significant(t=11.89, P=0.018). There was no significant difference between the preoperative Kupperman score and postoperative level age>50 years group(t=0.091, P=0.343). Among them, the decline in sexual quality was significantly affected compared with that before operation (P<0.05). Conclusion Total uterus and bilateral salpingectomy in peri-menopausal patients who are younger than 50 years old may aggravate perimenopausal symptoms in women.
[Key words] Perimenopausal period; Improved kupperman score; Total uterus and bilateral salpingectomy; Peri-menopausal symptoms
子宮多發(fā)肌瘤、子宮肌腺癥好發(fā)于圍絕經(jīng)期女性,這部分患者已完成生育功能[1]。并且有研究指出于子宮切除術(shù)時(shí)同時(shí)實(shí)施輸卵管切除術(shù)可能降低卵巢癌、輸卵管癌的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[2]。于是全子宮及雙側(cè)輸卵管切除已成為臨床共識(shí)。但子宮及雙輸卵管切除后是否加重和(或)加快圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀的出現(xiàn)尚存在一定爭(zhēng)議。目前腔鏡技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)腹手術(shù)幾乎由腔鏡取代,腹腔鏡下全子宮切除術(shù)加輸卵管切除術(shù)是否會(huì)對(duì)患者圍絕經(jīng)期產(chǎn)生影響成為當(dāng)前研究熱點(diǎn)。臨床上通常用Kupperman評(píng)分對(duì)圍絕經(jīng)期各種癥狀進(jìn)行量化[3],便于臨床醫(yī)生對(duì)各種癥狀嚴(yán)重程度的把握,為臨床治療做指導(dǎo)。本研究也是采用Kupperman評(píng)分系統(tǒng)[4]對(duì)圍絕經(jīng)期因良性腫瘤而行全子宮及雙輸卵管切除術(shù)的患者進(jìn)行圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀的評(píng)估,觀察其對(duì)圍絕經(jīng)期婦女的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
回顧性分析2016年1月~2018年12月因子宮良性腫瘤在福州市第一醫(yī)院院行經(jīng)腹腔鏡全子宮及雙側(cè)輸卵管切除的圍絕經(jīng)期患者共303例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):45歲≤年齡≤55歲,且無(wú)生育要求;均因多發(fā)子宮肌瘤或者子宮肌腺癥等良性腫瘤需切除子宮;雙側(cè)輸卵管外觀正常;手術(shù)方式均是腹腔鏡;如有絕經(jīng),絕經(jīng)時(shí)間<1年;所有患者知情同意。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):術(shù)前1年至隨訪日有激素服用史;失訪者。最終符合研究條件的患者總72例。由于存在年齡分層,特根據(jù)年齡段分組,A組:45歲≤年齡<50歲,共42例,B組:50歲≤年齡≤55歲,共30例。組間除年齡外,具有可比性。
1.2 方法
所有患者在入院時(shí)常規(guī)填寫(xiě)改良Kupperman評(píng)分表并保存在病例里,術(shù)前符合條件的患者均囑咐術(shù)后半年內(nèi)返院隨訪并填寫(xiě)Kupperman評(píng)分表。隨訪工作及數(shù)據(jù)錄入均由我院專業(yè)的隨訪小組負(fù)責(zé)。
1.3 改良Kupperman評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
Kupperman評(píng)分內(nèi)容包括:心悸、性生活質(zhì)量下降、潮熱出汗、疲乏、情緒波動(dòng)、眩暈、憂郁多疑、皮膚蟻?zhàn)吒?、感覺(jué)異常、骨關(guān)節(jié)痛、頭痛、失眠、泌尿系感染13個(gè)癥狀。記分法:0分:無(wú)癥狀;1分:偶有癥狀;2分:癥狀持續(xù);3分:影響生活。當(dāng)累計(jì)記分>30分為重度,16分≤記分≤30分為中度,6分<記分≤15分為輕度,≤6分為正常[4]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS19.0軟件包分析,用Kolmogorov-Smirnov test檢驗(yàn)連續(xù)變量分布的正態(tài)性。連續(xù)計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,手術(shù)前后組為配對(duì)設(shè)計(jì),采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 患者基本情況
2016年1月~2018年12月因子宮多發(fā)平滑肌瘤在我院行經(jīng)腹腔鏡全子宮及雙側(cè)輸卵管切除的圍絕經(jīng)期患者共303例,根據(jù)納入排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),最終在術(shù)后半年內(nèi)如約返院隨訪并填寫(xiě)有效改良Kupperman評(píng)分表的72例(23.76%),平均年齡(49.73±4.16)歲,平均體重指數(shù)(22.97±3.03)kg/m2。
2.2 手術(shù)前后Kupperman評(píng)分變化比較
72例患者中,患者術(shù)前Kupperman評(píng)分≤6分者24例,有圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀48例,占總例數(shù)的66.67%,而輕中重例數(shù)分別是:30例、11例和7例,術(shù)后評(píng)分≤6分者17例,出現(xiàn)圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀55個(gè),占總例數(shù)的76.34%,而輕中重例數(shù)分別是:32例、13例和10例,手術(shù)前后的輕中重百分比比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=1.671,P=0.196)。
72例患者術(shù)前Kupperman平均評(píng)分為(13.45±6.33)分,術(shù)后平均評(píng)分為(16.03±4.84)分,雖然術(shù)后評(píng)分明顯高于術(shù)前,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=10.366,P=0.052),然而其中的失眠、情緒波動(dòng)、心悸、潮熱出汗、性生活不滿意等癥狀的術(shù)后評(píng)分增加明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.3 不同年齡段患者手術(shù)前后Kupperman評(píng)分變化
根據(jù)年齡再次細(xì)化分組,發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡<50歲者術(shù)前Kupperman平均評(píng)分為(12.21±3.53)分,術(shù)后平均評(píng)分為(16.11±2.49)分,術(shù)后評(píng)分明顯高于術(shù)前,但差異有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=11.89,P=0.018);而年齡>50歲組,術(shù)前Kupperman平均評(píng)分為(15.05±3.77)分,術(shù)后平均評(píng)分為(17.41±2.51)分,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.091,P=0.343)。見(jiàn)表2。
3 討論
圍絕經(jīng)期婦女在因子宮良性腫瘤行手術(shù)切除子宮時(shí),常常會(huì)考慮一起切除雙側(cè)輸卵管,國(guó)外的研究數(shù)據(jù)指出:行子宮切除術(shù)圍圍絕經(jīng)期婦女中,約有87%的患者自愿切除輸卵管[5],而臨床中婦科醫(yī)生也建議這種預(yù)防性切除。卵巢的血供來(lái)源主要有3個(gè),一個(gè)是卵巢動(dòng)脈,一個(gè)是子宮動(dòng)脈分出的卵巢固有動(dòng)脈,還有來(lái)自輸卵管系膜內(nèi)的動(dòng)脈分支,因此在切除子宮及輸卵管后,由于卵巢血供減少了一半,從而影響卵巢激素的分泌,可能出現(xiàn)一過(guò)性的卵巢功能減退導(dǎo)致圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀提前或加重[6],但這一結(jié)論仍存在爭(zhēng)議。Batulan研究團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為子宮輸卵管和卵巢的血液供應(yīng)相鄰近,輸卵管手術(shù)時(shí)如操作不當(dāng)可對(duì)卵巢的血液供應(yīng)造成不利影響,從而影響卵巢激素的生成、分泌。其研究結(jié)果也證明約有34%的圍絕經(jīng)期切除子宮和輸卵管的患者比自然絕經(jīng)患者提早2年出現(xiàn)圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀及卵巢衰竭[16]。但是也有學(xué)者認(rèn)為切除子宮及輸卵管并不影響卵巢功能。Lamblin G等[17-18]研究數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)子宮輸卵管切除手術(shù)前后的卵巢動(dòng)脈血流舒張末期最小血流速度和收縮期血流峰值流速及卵巢分泌的激素水平無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
本研究對(duì)全子宮及雙側(cè)輸卵管切除術(shù)后的圍絕經(jīng)期婦女隨訪半年,采用改良Kupperman評(píng)分系統(tǒng)觀察手術(shù)對(duì)圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀的影響。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),手術(shù)后半年內(nèi)患者Kupperman評(píng)分雖然增加,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.052),可能與樣本量少有一定的關(guān)系。另外我們發(fā)現(xiàn),心悸、潮熱出汗、情緒波動(dòng)、失眠等癥狀的術(shù)后評(píng)分較術(shù)前相比顯著增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說(shuō)明手術(shù)對(duì)圍絕經(jīng)婦女還是存在一定的影響的。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究均顯示,腹腔鏡全子宮切除術(shù)及雙側(cè)輸卵管患者術(shù)后雌激素水平明顯低于術(shù)前,LH、FSH高于術(shù)前,差異則無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),并提出雙側(cè)輸卵管的切除可能加重絕經(jīng)期癥狀。分析原因可能是由于子宮動(dòng)脈卵巢血供來(lái)源切斷,影響了圍絕經(jīng)期的卵巢功能[7-15]。再次根據(jù)細(xì)化年齡分組后發(fā)現(xiàn),年齡<50歲圍絕經(jīng)者切除全子宮及雙側(cè)輸卵管后,Kupperman評(píng)分顯著較術(shù)前增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且心悸、潮熱出汗、情緒波動(dòng)、失眠等癥狀的較術(shù)前相比是也有顯著差異的。相反,年齡>50歲的圍絕經(jīng)者切除全子宮及雙側(cè)輸卵管后,手術(shù)前后的Kupperman評(píng)分變化并無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義??赡苁悄贻p圍絕經(jīng)期患者對(duì)突發(fā)的卵巢功能減退更加敏感導(dǎo)致的。最后,我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)不論年齡,性生活質(zhì)量較術(shù)前均是顯著下降,可能與全子宮切除后,陰道縮短也有一定原因。
綜上所述,年齡<50歲圍絕經(jīng)期婦女行全子宮切除術(shù)加輸卵管切除術(shù)可能影響圍絕經(jīng)期癥狀。但由于本研究樣本量少,且隨訪時(shí)間短,研究結(jié)果仍需進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大樣本量、延長(zhǎng)隨訪時(shí)間來(lái)證實(shí)。
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