羅金華

漢語重意合，英語重形合。英語的語篇非常追求邏輯的嚴謹，而邏輯嚴謹?shù)倪_成主要通過使用眾多的連接詞來實現(xiàn)。當然，也有很多時候沒有連接詞，是一種隱性的邏輯關系。英語中常見的邏輯關系有以下幾種：

一、邏輯關系在七選五解題中的應用

以2019年全國Ⅰ卷七選五為例：

We all grew up hearing people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air.”??? 36???? According to recent studies， the answer is a big YES， if the air quality in your camping area is good.

37???? If the air youre breathing is clean—which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving， energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors， your body will learn to breathe more deeply， allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.

Recently， people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）.????? 38???? In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green， growing things can reduce stress， lower blood pressure， and put people into a better mood （情緒）. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.??? 39? ???It gives us a great feeling of peace.

40???? While the suns rays can age and harm our skin， they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working， and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B. So what are you waiting for？

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？

F. Just as importantly， we tend to associate air with health care.

G. All across the country， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

分析：

36. 轉(zhuǎn)折呼應關系。由answer可知選一般疑問句，故選E項才前后呼應;同時，E項與空前句為轉(zhuǎn)折關系，前后通順。

37. 總分關系?？蘸缶涫侵v“如果你呼吸的空氣是清潔的”就會有什么好處，空白處應是本段的總起句，與呼吸相關，應是“肺部”，故選A項。

38. 順承關系。空前句，即本段第一句提到研究人員在研究自然環(huán)境和疾病痊愈之間的關系，那么，接下來應是在全國建立這種接近自然的康復中心。故選G項，跟前句構成一種順承關系。

39. 分總關系。從in these places起到本空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康復更快，再結(jié)合空后句“這給了我們平和寧靜”， 可知此處應為總結(jié)句，描述大自然的作用，故選C項“置身大自然使我們精神煥發(fā)”。

40. 總分關系。該空后一句提到，盡管太陽光線會使人的皮膚老化、受損，但也能提供有益人體的維生素D。由此可知，本段應該與太陽光線有關，空白處應是本段的總起句，故選D項。同時，“獲得新鮮氣的另一個（another）好處是陽光”與前段主題“新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺”“自然世界有益于治愈疾病”是并列關系。

二、邏輯關系在完形填空解題中的應用

以2019年全國Ⅰ卷完形填空前三段為例：

Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro， the highest mountain in Africa. They???? 41???? with them lots of waste. The???? 42??? might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing， changing the???? 43??? of Kilimanjaro.

41. A. keep???????? B. mix C. connect D. bring

42. A. stories?????? B. buildings C. crowds????? D. reporters

43. A. position????? B. age ????? C. face?????????? D. name

本段講每天都有大約4萬人登山，他們帶來垃圾，破壞當?shù)孛谰?，造成冰川消失，改變乞力馬扎羅山的面貌。其中41、42空所在的句子構成并列關系，43空所在的句子是前兩句的結(jié)果。故分別選D， C和C項。

Hearing these stories， Im????? 44????? about the place — other destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.

44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy

本段中有個破折號，此處起著解釋說明的作用。其他地方很純凈，而這里很臟，所以作者對此表示“懷疑”。故選B項。

However， I soon????? 45????? that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of????? 46????? among tons of rubbish. I find a????? 47????? mountain， with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are????? 48????? but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be????? 49???? .

45. A. discover B. argue

C. decide D. advocate

46. A. equipment B. grass

C. camps D. stones

47. A. remote ? B. quiet

C. tall D. clean

48. A. new ? B. special

C. significant D. necessary

49. A. paying off B. spreading out

C. blowing up D. fading away

此段有個however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以講的是干凈的方面。句子之間是并列關系。環(huán)境改變，有座干凈的山，營地和沿途有衛(wèi)生間，環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)雖然巨大，但最終還是有成效。因此，答案分別為A，C，D，C和A。

綜上所述，句子關系對于高考解題起著重要的作用?？忌匠＞毩晻r，要注重培養(yǎng)句子關系意識，分析句子之間的邏輯關系，高考便多了一個取勝的法寶。

責任編輯 蔣小青