重點(diǎn)知識(shí)園地
重點(diǎn)單詞
1. organize ?v. (=organise) ?組織;籌備
Ill invite people if you can organize food and drinks.
如果你能備辦飲食,我就負(fù)責(zé)請(qǐng)人。
搭配:
organize a party/trip ?組織聚會(huì)/旅行
organize well/badly ?組織周密/不好
organizer/organiser ?n. ?組織者
organized/organised ?adj. ?有條理的;安排有序的
organization/organisation ?n. ?組織;團(tuán)體;機(jī)構(gòu)
2. upset ?adj. ?難過(guò);失望;沮喪
Dont get so upset.
別這么沮喪。
be upset with sb ?生某人的氣
She is still upset with me.
她還在生我的氣。
3. advice ?n. ?勸告;建議
advise ?v. ?勸告;建議
advice為不可數(shù)名詞;advise為及物動(dòng)詞,后常跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或賓語(yǔ)從句。advise是advice的動(dòng)詞形式。
Could you please give us some advice?
你可以給我們一些建議嗎?
He advises students about common problems.
他就一些常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題給了學(xué)生們建議。
a piece of advice ?一條建議
ask sb for advice/ask advice of sb ?向某人征求意見(jiàn)
follow sbs advice ?接受某人的意見(jiàn)
give sb advice on sth ?就某事向某人提建議
take ones advice ?聽(tīng)取某人的建議
advise sb (not) to do sth ?建議某人(不)做某事
4. unless ?conj. ?除非;如果不
unless在句中引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于if... not。
I wont go to the party unless Tom invites me.
= If Tom doesnt invite me, I wont go to the party.
如果湯姆不邀請(qǐng)我的話,我是不會(huì)去參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)的。
注意:unless引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句之后,也可以放在主句之前。當(dāng)主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或是祈使句時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
5. certainly ?adv. ?無(wú)疑;肯定;當(dāng)然;行
certainly用于修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示同意所陳述的事或確信某事是真實(shí)的。certainly意為“當(dāng)然”時(shí)是非正式用語(yǔ),多見(jiàn)于口語(yǔ);意為“必定”時(shí)是正式用語(yǔ),口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)均可使用。
certainly在句中的位置:如果有助動(dòng)詞(be,do,have等),一般放于助動(dòng)詞之后;如果表示否定,一般放于助動(dòng)詞之前;也可位于句首或句末,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
He has almost certainly blown his chance of touring India this winter.
他幾乎肯定失去了今年冬天去印度旅行的機(jī)會(huì)。
—In any case you remained friends.
無(wú)論如何,你們都是朋友吧。
—Certainly.
當(dāng)然。
certain ?adj. ?確實(shí);確定;肯定
辨析:certainly,for certain和of course
certainly作修飾詞時(shí)一般位于be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前,表示“確定無(wú)疑”;for certain一般放在句末作狀語(yǔ),表示“肯定地,確定無(wú)疑地”;而of course表示通常、顯見(jiàn)或眾所周知的事實(shí),意為“一定,當(dāng)然”,在句中位置比較靈活。
This was almost certainly the high-water mark of her career.
這幾乎肯定是她事業(yè)的巔峰。
Hill had to find out for certain.
希爾肯定得弄個(gè)清楚。
The only honest answer is, of course, yes.
唯一誠(chéng)實(shí)的回答自然是“是”。
6. angry ?adj. ?發(fā)怒的;生氣的
(1)be/get angry with sb ?生某人的氣
My best friend is angry with me.
我最好的朋友在生我的氣。
(2)be/get angry at/about sth ?因某事而生氣
He got angry at her answer.
他對(duì)她的答復(fù)很生氣。
angrily ?adv. ?憤怒地;生氣地
anger ?n. ?怒;憤怒
7. careless ?adj. ?粗心的;不小心的
(1)careless在句中可作定語(yǔ)。
A careless driver is a danger to us all.
粗心的司機(jī)對(duì)我們大家都是一種危險(xiǎn)。
(2)careless在句中可作表語(yǔ)。
He used to be careless about his speech.
他以前說(shuō)話常大大咧咧的。
be careless about/in ?對(duì)……粗心的,對(duì)……漫不經(jīng)心的
be careless of ones health ?不愛(ài)惜身體
be careless with ones money ?隨便花錢(qián)
care ?v. ?關(guān)心;擔(dān)心
careful ?adj. ?小心的(與careless互為反義詞)
be careful ?小心(可單獨(dú)使用)
be careful of ?注意……
be careful with ?小心使用……
carefully ?adv. ?小心地;謹(jǐn)慎地
8. mistake ?n. ?錯(cuò)誤;失誤
Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself.
她的爸爸說(shuō)他自己有時(shí)也會(huì)犯粗心的錯(cuò)誤。
make a mistake/mistakes ?犯錯(cuò)誤
by mistake ?錯(cuò)誤地(不是故意做某事)
9. trust ?v. ?相信;信任
If you break your word,he will never trust you again.
如果你不守信,他決不會(huì)再相信你。
Everything went all right, I trust.
但愿一切都進(jìn)展順利。
trust in sb/sth ?相信/信任某人/某事
trust ?n. ?信任,信賴;可信賴的人
10. experience ?n. ?經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷
(1) experience意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞。
Experience is the best teacher.
經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的老師。
(2)experience意為“經(jīng)歷”時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。
I had a very interesting experience in Beijing.
我在北京有過(guò)一次很有趣的經(jīng)歷。
experience ?v. ?經(jīng)歷(及物動(dòng)詞)
Have you ever experienced failure?
你曾經(jīng)歷過(guò)失敗嗎?
11. halfway ?adj. & adv. ?在中途;部分地做(或達(dá)到)
be halfway to doing sth ?完成某事的一半
Theyre halfway to finishing the job.
他們離完成這項(xiàng)工作還有一半的進(jìn)程。
She lost her way halfway to the zoo.
她在去動(dòng)物園的路上迷路了。
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. keep... to oneself ?保守秘密
I have to tell someone. I cant keep it to myself.
我得找人說(shuō)說(shuō),我心里憋不住。
2. in half ?分成兩半
Please cut the orange in half.
請(qǐng)把這個(gè)橙子切成兩半。
cut... in half ?把……切成兩半
divide... in half ?把……分成兩半
活學(xué)活用
用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. Actually I rang you for some ____ (advice).
Could you please ____ (advice) me what to do?
2. Dont be ____ (care) about your work.
I asked her to be more ____ (care) in future.
單項(xiàng)選擇
3. The teacher was angry ____ him because he made faces in class.
A. at B. with C. in D. about
4. Im going to make a soccer team. Can you help me ____ it?
A. keep B. play C. organize D. join
用介詞填空
5. I would never trust ____ what you said to me.
基本語(yǔ)法
if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
1.句中位置
if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。位于主句前時(shí),從句與主句之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);位于主句后時(shí),中間不用任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。
If it rains tomorrow, Ill go to school by bus.
= Ill go to school by bus if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨,我就乘公交車去上學(xué)。
2.時(shí)態(tài)
主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
If it is hot, well go swimming.
如果天氣熱,我們就去游泳。
3.省略形式
如果條件狀語(yǔ)從句由if引導(dǎo),從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一樣,或是it,從句中又有連系動(dòng)詞be,此時(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句可以用省略形式。
Ill buy a computer if necessary.
如果有需要的話我會(huì)買(mǎi)一臺(tái)電腦。
4.轉(zhuǎn)換
(1)祈使句 + and/or陳述句,該結(jié)構(gòu)中祈使句在意義上實(shí)際相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句,兩者可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。
Use your head, and youll find a way.
= If you use your head, youll find a way.
動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋,你會(huì)找出辦法來(lái)的。
Hurry up, or youll be late.
= If you dont hurry up, youll be late.
快點(diǎn)兒,不然你就遲到了。
(2)unless意為“除非;如果不……”,表示否定條件時(shí),相當(dāng)于if... not。
Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.
= If you dont study hard, you will fail the exam.
如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí),你就不會(huì)通過(guò)考試。