朱梅 孫強(qiáng) 鄧佳蘊(yùn)
[摘要]目的:探討濃縮生長(zhǎng)因子(Concentrate growth factors,CGF)聯(lián)合骨代用品在美學(xué)區(qū)拔牙位點(diǎn)保存中的應(yīng)用。方法:選取2016年1月-2018年1月在筆者醫(yī)院接受美學(xué)區(qū)域拔牙且需行種植修復(fù)的患者52例(共52顆患牙),按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組26例。兩組均采用微創(chuàng)拔牙法,對(duì)照組拔牙后讓拔牙窩自然愈合,實(shí)驗(yàn)組采用CGF位點(diǎn)保存聯(lián)合Bio-Oss骨代用品修復(fù)。比較兩組拔牙位點(diǎn)愈合、植骨及種植體保存情況和手術(shù)前后拔牙位點(diǎn)骨板高度及牙槽骨高度。結(jié)果:實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者拔牙位點(diǎn)植骨區(qū)均愈合良好,附著齦充足,外形豐滿;對(duì)照組患者拔牙位點(diǎn)愈合良好,但牙槽嵴呈現(xiàn)不同程度的萎縮,且附著齦相對(duì)較窄。隨訪12個(gè)月,實(shí)驗(yàn)組未行植骨手術(shù)的比例明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。與術(shù)前比較,術(shù)后6個(gè)月對(duì)照組腭側(cè)、唇側(cè)骨板高度及兩組牙槽骨高度均明顯減小,實(shí)驗(yàn)組明顯大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05或P<0.01);實(shí)驗(yàn)組種植修復(fù)體牙間乳頭及齦緣高度均獲得良好保存。結(jié)論:拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點(diǎn)保存,可降低骨增量手術(shù)比例,有效保存牙槽嵴頂寬度,提高術(shù)后美容效果,安全性高。
[關(guān)鍵詞]濃縮生長(zhǎng)因子;骨代用品;美學(xué)區(qū)域;拔牙位點(diǎn);保存;應(yīng)用
[中圖分類號(hào)]R782.12 ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A ? ?[文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2019)11-0100-03
Abstract: Objective ?To investigate the application of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with bone substitute in the preservation of extraction site in aesthetic area. Methods ?52 patients (52 teeth) who received dental extraction in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected and divided into the experiment group and the control group according to the random number table method, 26 cases in each group. Two groups were treated with minimally invasive extraction, the control group was naturally healed after tooth extraction, the experiment group was treated with CGF site preservation and Bio-Oss bone substitute. The situation of healing, bone graft and preservation of the implants of the extraction site, and the height of the bone plate, the width of the alveolar bone before and after the operation between the 2 groups were compared. Results ?In the experiment group, the bone grafting area of the extraction site healed well, the attachment was sufficient, and the shape was full, the extraction site of the control group healed well, but the alveolar ridge showed different degrees of atrophy and the attachment sputum was relatively narrow. After 12 months of follow-up, the proportion of no bone graft surgery in the experiment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with preoperative, the height of the temporal, labial bone plates and the height of the alveolar bone significantly decreased of the 2 groups 6 months after the operation, and the experiment group was significantly larger than the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After 12 months of follow-up, the height of the interdental papilla and the rim of the experiment group preserved well. Conclusion ?CGF combined with bone substitute in the preservation of extraction site at simultaneous extraction of teeth can reduce the proportion of bone incremental surgery, effectively preserve the width of the alveolar dome, improve the cosmetic effect after surgery, and have high safety.
骨代用品Bio-Oss是以去有機(jī)質(zhì)的牛四肢骨為原料加工制成的與人骨非常相似的替代骨材料,親水性強(qiáng)、生物相容性高、可塑性好,可促進(jìn)成骨細(xì)胞附著成骨,引導(dǎo)新骨形成,且不易引起宿主過敏反應(yīng)、炎性反應(yīng)及免疫反應(yīng)等,在骨缺損重建中有較好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,但可在一定程度上引起骨愈合延遲[10-11]。張曉鵬等[12]指出,CGF與骨代用品聯(lián)合使用注入組織缺損處,可誘導(dǎo)骨組織生長(zhǎng),修補(bǔ)缺損,加速創(chuàng)口愈合。筆者將CGF剪成小塊和Bio-Oss骨粉充分混合,既有CGF的骨誘導(dǎo)作用又有骨替代材料的支架作用,維持了拔牙位點(diǎn)的三維空間機(jī)構(gòu),不但加速了骨組織的愈合,還明顯提高了愈合質(zhì)量。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者拔牙位點(diǎn)均愈合良好,但實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者拔牙位點(diǎn)附著齦充足,外形豐滿,而對(duì)照組患者牙槽嵴呈現(xiàn)不同程度的萎縮,附著齦相對(duì)較窄;隨訪12個(gè)月,實(shí)驗(yàn)組種植修復(fù)體牙間乳頭及齦緣高度均獲得良好保存,且實(shí)驗(yàn)組未行植骨手術(shù)比例明顯高于對(duì)照組。提示拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點(diǎn)保存,可減少行骨增量和結(jié)締組織移植患者比例,節(jié)省患者植骨費(fèi)用,縮短治療周期,為種植及術(shù)后美學(xué)效果創(chuàng)造有利條件。此外,由于CGF內(nèi)含有大量白細(xì)胞,抗感染能力強(qiáng)。本研究實(shí)驗(yàn)組亦無感染、壞死情況,提示其安全性高。研究顯示[13],為避免CGF膜過早吸收,造成骨粉流失,聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點(diǎn)保存可更好地維持牙槽骨在三維方向的骨量,刺激角化齦組織形成,為后期種植修復(fù)創(chuàng)造良好的條件。筆者將CGF壓制成膜并疊為兩層,覆蓋在已植入CGF和Bio-Oss混合物的拔牙位點(diǎn)表面,既保證了拔牙位點(diǎn)局部血供,又可維持膜齦聯(lián)合的位置結(jié)構(gòu)。本研究為了進(jìn)一步證實(shí)CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品在拔牙位點(diǎn)保存中的美學(xué)效果,特采用CBCT測(cè)量了拔牙位點(diǎn)骨板高度及牙槽骨高度變化,結(jié)果顯示,與術(shù)前比較,術(shù)后對(duì)照組腭側(cè)、唇側(cè)骨板高度及兩組牙槽骨高度均明顯減小,而實(shí)驗(yàn)組明顯大于對(duì)照組。說明拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點(diǎn)保存,對(duì)拔牙位點(diǎn)腭側(cè)、唇側(cè)骨板高度均無明顯影響,術(shù)后6個(gè)月牙槽嵴寬度雖有所減少,但變化量?jī)H為(0.49±0.10)mm,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于對(duì)照組的(2.23±0.65)mm,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點(diǎn)保存,可有效保存牙槽嵴頂寬度,提高術(shù)后美容效果。
綜上,拔牙同期采用CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品行拔牙位點(diǎn)保存,可減少行骨增量和結(jié)締組織移植患者比例,有效保存牙槽嵴頂寬度,提高術(shù)后美容效果,且安全性較高,但本研究樣本量較小、隨訪時(shí)間較短,其長(zhǎng)期美容效果仍需進(jìn)行大樣本的長(zhǎng)期研究以證實(shí)。
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[收稿日期]2019-02-15
本文引用格式:朱梅,孫強(qiáng),鄧佳蘊(yùn),等.CGF聯(lián)合骨代用品在美學(xué)區(qū)拔牙位點(diǎn)保存中的臨床應(yīng)用[J].中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué),2019,28(11):100-103.