【熱身訓(xùn)練】

句型轉(zhuǎn)換，在第2、3兩句填入適當(dāng)連接詞（不改變句意）。

1. Studying hard， you will succeed.

2.____________you study hard， you will succeed.

3. Study hard，____________you will succeed.

答案：第一句是簡單句，其中Studying hard 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語用作條件狀語，所以第二句If用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;第三句是祈使句加上簡單句，因此用and來連接兩個并列句。

【娓娓道來】

聽說讀寫是英語的四項基本技能，其中寫作是最重要的輸出方式。一篇好的英語作文必須做到：內(nèi)容充實、過渡自然、思路清晰、行文連貫。這就需要我們寫作中用上一些連接詞和過渡詞來增加作文的連貫性和流暢性。

連接詞就如同竹子的竹節(jié)，沒有了它，竹子就不能節(jié)連節(jié)、節(jié)生枝、枝生葉。沒有連接詞的語篇，猶如斷了節(jié)的竹子，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語言失去了邏輯化，讀者看到的只是獨立的句子個體，不知作者所言要點，更別提抓取文章主題去加以理解和應(yīng)用了。

高考寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確要求：“能有效地使用語句間的連接成分，全篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，思維清晰?！蓖瑢W(xué)們?nèi)绻^好地掌握關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，就能快速有效地抓住關(guān)鍵句并予以突破。在書面表達(dá)中，能恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂酶黝愱P(guān)聯(lián)詞，文章就有如行云流水般流暢?，F(xiàn)將中學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握的連接詞簡單歸納為如下幾類：

1. 表起始的連接詞有：to begin with， first of all， according to， so far， as far as 等。

2. 表時間的連接詞有：first / firstly， second / secondly， nowadays， at present， recently， currently， in the meantime， at the same time， for the first time， ever since， while， shortly after， after that， after a while， afterward， later， next， the next moment， before long， in the future，finally， at last， in the end， eventually等。

3. 表空間的連接詞有：on the right / left， to the right / left of， on one side of... on the other side of...， at the foot / top / end of， at the bottom of， on top of， in the middle / center of， in front of， in the front of， at the back of， on the edge of， opposite to， close to， near to， next to， further on （再往前） 等。

4. 表因果的連接詞有：thanks to， because （of），due to， as a result（of...）， with the help of...， owing to...， for this reason， since， accordingly， therefore， hence， as a consequence （of）， in consequence， consequently， so， so that， therefore， thus， on account of等。

5. 表轉(zhuǎn)折的過渡語有：however，but， otherwise， on the contrary / contrary to...， though， for one thing... for another...， yet， nevertheless， after all， in fact等。

6. 表讓步的連接詞有：though， although， while （位于句首）， as （倒裝）， in spite of， despite， even if， even though， no matter + （who / what / when / where...）， who / what / when where... + ever等。

7. 表例證和列舉的連接詞有：for example， take...as an example， for instance， that is to say， that is， as a matter of fact， namely， for instance， such as， like， as follows， in other words， and so on等。

8. 表并列的連接詞有and， or， as well as， both...and...， not only...but （also）， including， either... or...， not...but...， including等。

9. 表遞進(jìn)的連接詞有：whats more， furthermore， moreover， in addition， as well as， besides， apart from this， nor， not only...but also， too， on the one hand...on the other hand...， for one thing...for another， worse still， to make matters worse等。

10. 表強調(diào)的連接詞有：especially， particularly， notably， indeed， at least， at the most， in the world / on earth， not at all， in particular， chiefly， in detail， mainly等。

11. 表態(tài)度的連接詞有：fortunately， luckily， unfortunately， undoubtedly， admittedly， certainly， oddly， oddly enough， strangely enough等。

12. 表解釋說明的連接詞：that is， that is to say， in other words， and so on， and the like等。

13. 表總結(jié)用語有：in conclusion， to conclude， to sum up， overall， in short， in summary， briefly / in brief; generally speaking， in a word， as you know， as is known to all等。

【當(dāng)堂鞏固】

Underline all the linking words and write them under the correct headings in the table below.

Today， many developing countries are heavily in debt. In fact， most of them have debts that can never be paid. During the 1970s and 1980s， many developing countries borrowed money from developed countries. However， very high interest rates have created a situation where countries in the developing world now spend $13 on debt repayment for every $1 that they received. Therefore， these countries will never be able to repay the money. As a result， these countries are always struggling to catch up on their repayments; government finances that could be spent on health， education and longterm development are instead used for debt repayment. This means that a countrys debt weakens its development.

Moreover， as debt continues to rise， poverty will remain a problem in developing countries. To stop the rise of debt， the World Development Movement is campaigning for rich countries to cancel debts owed by developing countries. The WDM is working hard， but developing world debt is still a problem. As long as these debts remain， developing countries will feel the economic squeeze， and they will be unable to focus on longterm development to end poverty.

Time sequenceCause and effectContrastingAdditionOther

【牛刀小試】

Put the following sentences in the correct order to form a welldeveloped paragraph. Write the letters in the boxes below.

1. Another way to improve your listening comprehension is to watch English news programmes on TV or to listen to English radio programmes.

2. Today， I would like to tell you about different ways to study English.

3. I have been doing all these things， so I have made great progress in learning English.

4. Besides focusing on listening and writing skills， you should also take every opportunity to speak English in and after class.

5. Second， you may find it helpful to watch English films， as it can help you practice your English listening， and it makes listening English a lot more interesting.

6. For example， you can read articles in an English newspaper like China Daily.

7. First， you should be sure to read something in English every day.

8. Third， you should work on your English writing by doing something like keeping a diary in English or writing to an Englishspeaking penfriend.

9. In this way， you can use English every day and improve your fluency.

10. However， if newspapers do not interest you， you may choose a novel that appears to you and read one or two pages everyday.

→ → → → → → → → →

參考答案

當(dāng)堂鞏固

Time sequenceCause and effectContrastingAdditionOther

today;

during the 1970s and 1980s; astherefore;

as a resulthowever;

instead;

butmoreoverin fact; as long as; still

牛刀小試

2→7→6→10→5→1→8→4→9→3

（作者：錢靜，泰州市第三高級中學(xué)）