唐漢青 王曉月 張子楠 相孟達(dá) 張祥棵 湯曉辛
摘 要: 韭菜坪地區(qū)是世界最大的野生韭菜花帶,全國唯一的野生韭菜花保護(hù)區(qū)。為探討多星韭在該地區(qū)的傳粉生態(tài)學(xué)特性以及生態(tài)適應(yīng)性,該研究對(duì)多星韭的花期、形態(tài)特征、訪花者進(jìn)行了定點(diǎn)觀察實(shí)驗(yàn),通過人工授粉實(shí)驗(yàn)探究其繁育系統(tǒng);通過海洋光譜儀檢測蜜蜂視覺對(duì)兩種花色的顯著性;通過氣相色譜進(jìn)行測定其各部分的次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物的組成。結(jié)果表明:多星韭花為雄先熟,單花期為7~8 d,花序持續(xù)開花時(shí)間為25~28 d;花蜜量為(0.61±0.07)μL;中華蜜蜂(Apis cerana)為主要有效傳粉者,隧蜂、食蚜蠅、蠅類為偶見訪花者;海洋光譜儀的測定結(jié)果表明紫花色在綠葉中對(duì)蜜蜂視覺來說更顯著。訪花者在不同花色間的訪花頻率有顯著性差異,但單次訪花頻率無差異。當(dāng)兩種花色同時(shí)存在時(shí)中華蜜蜂會(huì)優(yōu)先訪問紫色花的多星韭,在訪紫花時(shí),由于受到氣味的影響,大部分蜜蜂也會(huì)訪相鄰的白花多星韭。多星韭的次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物分析結(jié)果表明,莖、子房和花梗含有多種刺激性含硫代謝物,花器官以及花蜜擁有多種花香類次級(jí)代謝物;其有性繁殖為自交和異交混合交配系統(tǒng),具有無融合生殖。綜上結(jié)果表明,多星韭在該地區(qū)不存在花粉限制,多星韭的繁殖學(xué)特征表明其具有能較好的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性。
關(guān)鍵詞: 多星韭, 傳粉生物學(xué), 次生代謝物, 氣相色譜, 反射光譜
中圖分類號(hào): Q949.9
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A
文章編號(hào): 1000-3142(2020)11-1613-10
Abstract: Jiucaiping is the largest wild leek flower belt in the world, which is the only wild leek flower reserve in China. In order to explore pollination biology and ecological adaptation of Allium wallichii, we observed the flowering period, flower visitors and nectar, estimated of breeding system by artificial pollination, determined the composition of secondary metabolites in each part by gas chromatography, and detected the significance of bee visiting in two colors by ocean spectrometer. The results were as follows: A. wallichii was protandry, the single flowering stage was 7-8 d, and the continuous flowering time of inflorescence was 25-28 d. The amount of nectar was(0.61±0.07)μL. Apis cerana was the main effective pollinator. The results of the ocean spectrometer showed that purple flower was more significant to bee visiting in leaves. There was a significant difference in flower visit frequency among different flower colors, while there was no difference in single flower visit frequency. When the two colors were present at the same time, the bees gave priority to the purple flowers, due to the influence of smell, when visiting purple flowers, most bees also visited adjacent white flowers. The results of secondary metabolites analysis of A. wallichii showed that stems, ovaries and pedicels contained a variety of irritating sulfur metabolites, while the flower organs and nectar had a variety of secondary metabolites of floral fragrance. Its sexual reproduction was self-matting and cross-mating mixed mating system with apomixis. In summary, there is no pollen restriction of A. wallichii in this area, whose reproductive characteristics have good environmental adaptability. This study provides basic information for resource protection and breeding regulation of A. wallichii.
Key words: Allium wallichii, pollination biology, secondary metabolites, gas chromatography, reflectance spectroscopy
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(責(zé)任編輯 李 莉)