文 / 李 健
(作者單位:南京市建筑市場監(jiān)督站)
前面我們討論了FIDIC1999建造合同文本Conditions of Contract for Construction第18條“保險Insurance”子款18.1 General Requirements for Insurances “18.1保險的一般要求”部分內容翻譯中的語言及法律問題。這里我們繼續(xù)討論剩下的部分。
原文4:Each policy insuring against loss or damage shall provide for payments to be made in the currencies required to rectify the loss or damage. Payments received from insurers shall be used for the rectification of the loss or damage.
試譯:每份承保損失或損害的保險單應當以恢復損失或損害所需的貨幣提供賠償支付。從保險人處獲得的款項應當用于恢復損失或損害。
點評:1.這是關于保險賠付貨幣的選擇和使用的規(guī)定。
2.保險賠付貨幣,應當選擇恢復損失或損害所需的貨幣currencies。以某種貨幣進行支付,可譯成pay (make payment) in the currency of…,也可以是pay (make payment) in+貨幣名稱的形式。如果使用payment,要注意單復數(shù)問題:在詞組make payment中,payment可以看做是抽象的“支付”行為;payment單獨使用時,通常指支付的款項,是具體的可數(shù)名詞,可以是單數(shù)“一筆款項”,也可以是復數(shù)payments“ (多筆或不同)款項 ”(參見原文4的第二句)。
3.賠付的貨幣,應當用于恢復rectify損失或損害。Rectify,試譯中沒有像有關文獻中那樣譯成“修復”或“修正”,而是根據(jù)場合直接譯成“恢復”了。Rectification,是其名詞形式。
原文5:The relevant insuring Party shall, within the respective periods stated in the Appendix to Tender (calculated from the Commencement Date), submit to the other Party:
(a)evidence that the insurances described in this Clause have been effected, and
(b)copies of the policies for the insurances described in Sub-Clause 18.2 [Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment] and Sub-Clause 18.3 [Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property].
試譯:有關投保人應當在投標書附錄中載明的各自期限內(從開工日期起算)向另一方提交:
(1)本條所述保險已經(jīng)辦理的證明;
(2)第18.2款〔工程和承包商設備險〕和第18.3款〔人身傷害和財產(chǎn)損害險〕所述保險單的副本。
點評:1.這是關于投保人insuring Party提交submit保險證據(jù)的規(guī)定,包括提交時間和提交內容。
2.提交時間,應當在投標書附錄中載明的各自期限內(從開工日期起算)。Respective,這是一個容易與respectful(尊敬的)相混淆的詞,是“各自”的意思。
3.提交內容,包括兩個方面,一是保險已經(jīng)辦理的證據(jù)evidence,二是相應保險單副本copies of the policies for the insurances。有幾個詞需要注意一下:evidence,通常是指具有法律意義的“證據(jù)”,如相關信息或實物;與proof“證明”有所不同,proof側重“證明”的過程,包括提供證據(jù)the presentation of evidence。Effect,“辦理”;the insurances described have been effected.所述保險已辦理。
原文6:When each premium is paid, the insuring Parry shall submit evidence of payment to the other Party. Whenever evidence or policies are submitted, the insuring Party shall also give notice to the Engineer.
試譯:如果保險費已經(jīng)支付,則投保人應當向另一方提交支付證據(jù)。每次提交證據(jù)或保險單時,投保人也應當通知工程師。
點評:1.這是關于提交保險費premium支付證據(jù)的規(guī)定。
2.在英語中,premium是這樣定義的款項:money paid to an insurance company for insurance coverage or for an annuity. 即保險費。
原文7:Each Party shall comply with the conditions stipulated in each of the insurance policies. The insuring Party shall keep the insurers informed of any relevant changes to the execution of the Works and ensure that insurance is maintained in accordance with this Clause.
試譯:合同當事人都應當遵守保險單規(guī)定的條件。對工程實施過程中的任何相關變化。投保人應當隨時通知保險人,并確保按照本條要求維持保險。
點評:這里要求合同當事人遵守保險單條件,并規(guī)定投保人保持保險人隨時了解工程實施變化的義務。這里有一個重要表達,keep sb informed of sth,讓某人處于對某事了解的狀態(tài),也就是“隨時通知某人某事”。
原文8:Neither Party shall make any material alteration to the terms of any insurance without the prior approval of the other Parry. If an insurer makes (or attempts to make) any alteration, the Party first notified by the insurer shall promptly give notice to the other Party.
試譯:沒有另一方的事先批準,任何一方都不得對保險條款作出實質性變動。如果保險人作出(或擬作出)任何變動,則首先收到保險人通知的一方應當立即通知另一方。
點評:這是關于保險條款變動的規(guī)定。首先,保險條款變動的前提是擬作出變動的合同當事人取得另一方當事人的事先批準prior approval,且變動不是實質性material的。其次,若保險人insurer(不是建造合同的當事人)作出變動,則先期收到保險人通知的一方負有立即通知promptly另一方的義務。
原文9:If the insuring Party fails to effect and keep in force any of the insurances it is required to effect and maintain under the Contract, or fails to provide satisfactory evidence and copies of policies in accordance with this Sub-Clause, the other Party may (at its option and without prejudice to any other right or remedy) effect insurance for the relevant coverage and pay the premiums due. The insuring Party shall pay the amount of these premiums to the other Party, and the Contract Price shall be adjusted accordingly.
試譯:如果投保人未能按照合同要求辦理保險并使之保持有效,或未能按照本款要求提供令另一方滿意的證據(jù)和保險單的副本,則另一方可以(自行決定,且不減損任何其他權利或救濟)辦理相應保險并支付應交的保險費。投保人應當向另一方支付此類保險費金額,同時合同價格應當做相應調整。
點評:1.本款是關于合同當事人未保持保險效力后果的規(guī)定。這里的合同當事人是建造合同約定的投保人,而不是指保險合同的當事人。
2.按照本款規(guī)定,合同當事人未保持保險效力的后果還是很嚴重的。假如承包商未能按照合同要求辦理保險并使之保持有效,或未能按照本款要求提供令另一方滿意的證據(jù)和保險單的副本,則業(yè)主可以自行辦理相應保險,注意,此時業(yè)主不必確信保險是否實際上已經(jīng)辦理、生效,其自行辦理保險的權利只取決于承包商沒有提供證據(jù)!在實踐中,為避免將來產(chǎn)生糾紛,基于合同自由原則,可以增加約定—業(yè)主在自行辦理本應由承包商辦理的保險前向承包商簽發(fā)一個正式的通知,在通知中說明承包商應當提供的證據(jù)、確保業(yè)主收到此類證據(jù)的合理截至日期;同時還說明在此日期前未收到證據(jù)時,業(yè)主有權自行辦理相應保險,并且保險費由承包商承擔。增加或補充這類約定是有意義的。
3.提示若干有用表達。Keep sth in force,使……保持有效。At one’s option,由某人自行決定,隨意。prejudice to,對……的損害。Remedy,救濟。
原文10:Nothing in this Clause limits the obligations, liabilities or responsibilities of the Contractor or the Employer, under the other terms of the Contract or otherwise. Any amounts not insured or not recovered from the insurers shall be borne by the Contractor and/or the Employer in accordance with these obligations, liabilities or responsibilities. However, if the insuring Party fails to effect and keep in force an insurance which is available and which it is required to effect and maintain under the Contract, and the other Party neither approves the omission nor effects insurance for the coverage relevant to this default, any moneys which should have been recoverable under this insurance shall be paid by the insuring Party.
Payments by one Party to the other Party shall be subject to Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer’s Claims] or Sub-Clause 20.1[Contractor’s Claims], as applicable.
試譯:本合同其余條款或其他文件下承包商或業(yè)主的義務、職責或責任,不受本條規(guī)定限制。任何未保險或未能從保險人收回的款項,應當由承包商或業(yè)主根據(jù)上述義務、職責或責任的規(guī)定承擔。但是,如果保險可以辦理,投保人卻未能按合同要求辦理并保持有效,而另一方又未批準可以不辦理,也未就此類違約辦理相關保險,則任何本可通過此類保險收回的款項應當由投保人支付。
一方向另一方的支付,根據(jù)適用情形,應當按照第2.5款〔雇主的索賠〕或第20.1款〔承包商的索賠〕的規(guī)定辦理。
點評:1.這是關于未辦理保險情況下如何處理的規(guī)定。
2.本條18 Insurance的意圖并非要規(guī)定合同當事人任何一方均有義務為其在合同下的一切風險辦理保險。本段文字內容顯示,本條18 Insurance要求的保險并不減少或限制limit雙方其他的義務和責任obligations, liabilities or responsibilities。
3.如果某項應當辦理的保險是可以辦理的,投保人未辦理,而這個未辦理omission又沒有經(jīng)過對方批準,并在投保人未辦理的情況下,即投保人以構成違約default時,另一方根據(jù)原文9自行辦理相應保險,這將導致另一個后果—任何本可通過此類保險收回的款項應當由投保人支付給另一方。
至此,18.1 General Requirements for Insurances“保險的一般要求”條款翻譯中的語言、法律問題討論完畢。