楊斯博
摘 要:《出師表》中文原文出自于《三國志?諸葛亮傳》卷三十五,是三國時期蜀漢丞相諸葛亮在北伐中原之前給后主劉禪上書的表文,闡述了北伐的必要性以及對后主劉禪治國寄予的期望,本文希望通過對電視劇《虎嘯龍吟》諸葛亮扮演者王洛勇朗誦英文版《出師表》的其漢譯英文本的分析,對其中的漢譯英問題做出總結,希望給學者們翻譯漢譯英是提供一些建議。
關鍵詞:《出師表》;漢譯英;翻譯
一、正文
蓋追先帝之殊遇,欲報之于陛下也。
Because they remember the late emperor, all of them, and they wish to repay his kindness in service to you.
“殊遇”即特殊的待遇,譯為kindness似乎不夠充分,而且“殊遇”和kindness也有區(qū)別。
根據(jù)牛津詞典對kindness的解釋:The quality of being friendly, generous, and considerate;A kind act. 即友善,慷慨和體貼的品質和行為,而“殊遇”更強調的是漢臣們受到劉備的待遇。
如果因為kindness就“侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內,忠志之士忘身于外”似乎有些不太合適。既然待遇不凡,那肯定是受到了極好的待遇。因此,“殊遇”可考慮改為boundless generosity或者excellent treatment
誠宜開張圣聽,以光先帝遺德,恢弘志士之氣。
This is the moment to extend your divine influence, to honor the memory of the late Emperor and strengthen the morale of your officers.
根據(jù)漢語詞典,“開張”是“開放;不閉塞”的意思,“開張圣聽”是指讓皇帝廣泛地聽取群臣的意見,這與extend your divine influence,即“擴展皇帝神圣的影響力”的意思大相徑庭,考慮到譯文是照顧到譯入語讀者的思維方式,但這樣的翻譯,仍然與原文的意思相差甚大。不妨改為open your divine mind to all kinds of advice
漢語詞典中對“志士”解釋是指有遠大志向和高尚節(jié)操的人,譯為officer則失掉了這些意思?!盎趾搿笔前l(fā)揚、擴大的意思,既然已經(jīng)是“志士”,他們的morale也就不必再strengthen了,可改為encourage/carry forward ideals and integrity of your men
不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失義,以塞忠諫之路也。
It is not the time to listen to bad advice or close your ears to the suggestions of loyal men.
“妄自菲薄”是指不知自重,輕視自身價值的意思,即undervalue yourself;improperly belittle oneself;unduly humble oneself,“引喻失義”指說話援引例證而有所不當,既improper allusion
其含義都不是指listen to bad advice,可改為It is not the time to undervalue yourself or made improper allusions, which would block the path of great advice.
親賢臣,遠小人,此先漢所以興隆也;親小人,遠賢臣,此后漢所以傾頹也。
The emperors of the Western Han chose their courtiers wisely, and their dynasty flourished. The emperors of the Eastern Han chose poorly, and they doomed the empire to ruin.
“先漢”翻譯為the Western Han、“后漢”翻譯為the Eastern Han,這顯然不通,若譯為the Former Han,the Later Han,避開了語義處理。
參考文獻:
[1].李宗玲. 試析《出師表》的思想內涵[J]. 《淮北職業(yè)技術學院學報》,2011(10),第5期:110-111.
[2].牛津詞典網(wǎng)站,URL:https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/.
[3].漢典-字詞典網(wǎng)站,URL:http://www.zdic.net/.