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吸入用布地奈德混懸液霧化治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作效果及對(duì)肺功能的影響

2020-04-30 06:45許曉紅
中外醫(yī)學(xué)研究 2020年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:霧化吸入肺功能療效

許曉紅

【摘要】 目的:探討吸入用布地奈德混懸液霧化治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作效果及對(duì)肺功能的影響。方法:選取2018年1月-2019年4月筆者所在醫(yī)院小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作患兒100例,隨機(jī)分為兩組,每組50例。常規(guī)組采取常規(guī)平喘、祛痰、抗感染等治療,霧化組在常規(guī)組基礎(chǔ)上采用吸入用布地奈德混懸液霧化治療。比較兩組治療效果、急性哮喘發(fā)作控制時(shí)間、喘息消失時(shí)間、呼吸困難消失時(shí)間、咳嗽消失時(shí)間、治療前后肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速及不良反應(yīng)。結(jié)果:霧化組總有效率高于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。霧化組急性哮喘發(fā)作控制時(shí)間、喘息消失時(shí)間、呼吸困難消失時(shí)間、咳嗽消失時(shí)間均早于常規(guī)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。霧化組治療后肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速均高于常規(guī)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:針對(duì)小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作患兒,在常規(guī)平喘、祛痰、抗感染基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合吸入用布地奈德混懸液霧化治療的效果良好,可顯著改善病情,縮短癥狀消失時(shí)間,控制疾病進(jìn)展和改善肺功能,安全性高。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 霧化吸入 吸入用布地奈德混懸液 小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作 療效 肺功能 影響

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.08.053??文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B??文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2020)08-0-03

Effect of Atomization Inhalation of Budesonide Suspension for Inhalation in the Treatment of Acute Attack of Asthma in Children and Its Effect on Pulmonary Function/XU Xiaohong. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(8): -128

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of atomization inhalation of Budesonide Suspension for Inhalation in the treatment of acute attack of asthma in children and its effect on pulmonary function. Method: A total of 100 children with acute attack of asthma in our hospital from January 2018 to April 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, 50 cases in each group. The routine group was treated with routine antiasthmatic, expectorant, anti-infection, while the atomization group was treated with atomization inhalation of Budesonide Suspension for Inhalation on the basis of the routine group. Treatment effect, control time of acute asthma attack, time of disappearance of wheezing, time of disappearance of dyspnea, time of disappearance of cough, lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, expiratory peak velocity before and after treatment and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Result: The total effective rate of the atomization group was higher than that of the routine group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The control time of acute asthma attack, time of disappearance of wheezing, time of disappearance of dyspnea, time of disappearance of cough in the atomization group were earlier than those of the routine group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, expiratory peak velocity after treatment in the atomization group were higher than those of the routine group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: For children with acute asthma attack, atomization inhalation of Budesonide Suspension for Inhalation on the basis of routine antiasthmatic, expectorant, anti-infection have good effect, which can significantly improve the condition, shorten the time of disappearance of symptoms, control disease progression and improve pulmonary function, with high safety.

[Key words] Atomization inhalation Budesonide Suspension for Inhalation Acute attack of asthma in children Curative effect Pulmonary function Influence

First-authors address: Zhongxiang Peoples Hospital, Zhongxiang 431900, China

小兒哮喘是兒童常見的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病,主要特征為氣道高反應(yīng)性,以反復(fù)發(fā)作的喘息、咳嗽和呼吸困難為主要臨床表現(xiàn),對(duì)兒童正常生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育產(chǎn)生不良影響。小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作是兒科急癥,若不及時(shí)采取有效治療措施可發(fā)展為呼吸衰竭,甚至導(dǎo)致患兒死亡[1-2]。本研究選取2018年1月-2019年4月筆者所在醫(yī)院小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作患兒100例,隨機(jī)分為兩組,常規(guī)組采取常規(guī)治療,霧化組在常規(guī)組基礎(chǔ)上采取吸入用布地奈德混懸液霧化治療,分析吸入用布地奈德混懸液霧化治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作效果及對(duì)肺功能的影響,報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取2018年1月-2019年4月筆者所在醫(yī)院小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作患兒100例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),入院時(shí)出現(xiàn)不同程度呼吸困難。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):支氣管異物、肺結(jié)核、先天性心臟病、腦血管疾病等。隨機(jī)分為兩組,每組50例。常規(guī)組男女分別為31、19例;年齡1~11歲,平均(4.82±1.12)歲;

病程1~11個(gè)月,平均(5.22±0.73)個(gè)月。霧化組男女分別為32、18例;年齡1~11歲,平均(4.88±1.15)歲;病程1~11個(gè)月,平均(5.26±0.71)個(gè)月。兩組性別、年齡、病程等比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。家屬均對(duì)本研究知情并簽署知情同意書。

1.2 方法

常規(guī)組采取常規(guī)平喘、祛痰、抗感染等治療,并糾正酸堿平衡和水電解質(zhì)紊亂,必要時(shí)給予吸氧。

霧化組在常規(guī)組基礎(chǔ)上采用吸入用布地奈德混懸液(生產(chǎn)企業(yè):AstraZeneca Pty Ltd,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):H20140474,規(guī)格:2 ml∶0.5 mg×5支)霧化治療。將1~2 ml吸入用布地奈德混懸液混合于2 ml的生理鹽水中進(jìn)行氧氣驅(qū)動(dòng)霧化吸入,控制氧流量為5 ml/min,2~3次/d,治療后用生理鹽水漱口。兩組均治療1周。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

比較兩組治療效果、急性哮喘發(fā)作控制時(shí)間、喘息消失時(shí)間、呼吸困難消失時(shí)間、咳嗽消失時(shí)間、治療前后肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速及不良反應(yīng)。治療效果:顯效為咳嗽、呼吸困難、喘息、肺部哮鳴音等均消失,肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速均恢復(fù)正常;有效為咳嗽、呼吸困難、喘息、肺部哮鳴音等改善>50%,肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速改善;無(wú)效為咳嗽、呼吸困難、喘息、肺部哮鳴音等改善程度≤50%??傆行?(顯效+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%[3]。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

采用SPSS 24.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組治療效果比較

霧化組總有效率為100%,顯著高于常規(guī)組的76.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。

2.2 兩組肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速比較

治療前兩組肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后霧化組肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速均高于常規(guī)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。

2.3 兩組急性哮喘發(fā)作控制時(shí)間、喘息消失時(shí)間、呼吸困難消失時(shí)間、咳嗽消失時(shí)間比較

霧化組急性哮喘發(fā)作控制時(shí)間、喘息消失時(shí)間、呼吸困難消失時(shí)間、咳嗽消失時(shí)間均早于常規(guī)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。

2.4 兩組不良反應(yīng)比較

常規(guī)組治療過(guò)程中惡心1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為2.00%(1/50);霧化組嗆咳1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為2.00%(1/50)。兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=0.000,P=1.000)。

3 討論

由于小兒上呼吸系統(tǒng)發(fā)育還未成熟,免疫功能低下,感染后極易引起哮喘發(fā)作。小兒哮喘病情發(fā)展迅速,通常伴有呼吸困難、喘憋等癥狀,嚴(yán)重時(shí)可能引發(fā)心力衰竭與死亡等不良結(jié)局[4]。小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作是哮喘中較為嚴(yán)重的情況,病情危急,必須給予及時(shí)有效救治以提高患兒預(yù)后[5-7]。

目前,臨床主要應(yīng)用常規(guī)吸氧、抗感染等治療方式,但效果不理想[8]。吸入用布地奈德混懸液是一種治療哮喘的有效藥物,可抑制花生四烯酸及白三烯合成和釋放,促使氣道高反應(yīng)得到緩解,降低氣道阻力,增加肺活量,并促使肺功能恢復(fù)[9-10]。霧化吸入治療可促使藥物沉積于支氣管而提高血藥濃度,使藥液隨呼吸進(jìn)入氣道,可提高支氣管平滑肌細(xì)胞膜及溶酶體膜穩(wěn)定性,從而發(fā)揮抗炎作用。同時(shí),吸入用布地奈德混懸液可增強(qiáng)氣道上皮纖毛擺動(dòng),減輕臨床癥狀[11-13]。

本研究中,常規(guī)組采取常規(guī)平喘、祛痰、抗感染等治療,霧化組在常規(guī)組基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合吸入用布地奈德混懸液霧化治療。結(jié)果顯示,霧化組總有效率高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05);霧化組急性哮喘發(fā)作控制時(shí)間、喘息消失時(shí)間、呼吸困難消失時(shí)間、咳嗽消失時(shí)間均早于常規(guī)組(P<0.05);霧化組肺活量、第1秒用力呼氣容積、呼氣峰流速均高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05);兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。

綜上所述,在常規(guī)平喘、祛痰、抗感染基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合吸入用布地奈德混懸液霧化治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作效果良好,可顯著改善病情,縮短癥狀消失時(shí)間,控制疾病進(jìn)展和改善肺功能,安全性高。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]王麗.霧化吸入普米克令舒治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作療效及對(duì)肺功能的影響評(píng)價(jià)[J].基層醫(yī)學(xué)論壇,2019,23(14):1990-1991.

[2]張蓉.氧驅(qū)霧化吸入普米克令舒治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作療效及對(duì)肺功能的影響[J/OL].臨床醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)電子雜志,2018,5(76):57.

[3]張維.氧驅(qū)霧化吸入普米克令舒治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作的療效以及對(duì)肺功能的影響評(píng)價(jià)[J/OL].臨床醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)電子雜志,2018,5(56):4-5,7.

[4] Zhang N,Lu H T,Zhang R J,et al.Protective effects of methane-rich saline on mice with allergic asthma by inhibiting inflammatory response,oxidative stress and apoptosis[J].Journal of Zhejiang University Science B,2019,20(10):15-17.

[5]武曉真.氧驅(qū)霧化吸入普米克令舒治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作療效及對(duì)肺功能的影響[J].內(nèi)蒙古醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2018,50(4):457-458.

[6]劉燕.氧驅(qū)動(dòng)霧化吸入普米克令舒治療小兒支氣管哮喘急性發(fā)作的療效及對(duì)肺功能的影響[J].北方藥學(xué),2018,15(2):106-107.

[7]聶晶鑫.氧驅(qū)霧化吸入普米克令舒治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作療效及對(duì)肺功能的影響[J].世界最新醫(yī)學(xué)信息文摘,2017,17(A1):121.

[8]盧福喜,余珊.氧驅(qū)霧化吸入普米克令舒治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作療效及對(duì)肺功能的影響分析[J].數(shù)理醫(yī)藥學(xué)雜志,2017,30(10):1488-1490.

[9]肖湘凌,阿依妮薩罕·尤努斯.萬(wàn)托林聯(lián)合普米克令舒霧化吸入治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作的效果及對(duì)肺功能的影響[J].世界最新醫(yī)學(xué)信息文摘,2017,17(65):101-102.

[10]馬虎,蘇攀宏,王楠.氧驅(qū)霧化吸入不同濃度普米克令舒治療哮喘急性發(fā)作患兒的療效及對(duì)肺功能的影響[J].內(nèi)科,2017,12(3):387-389.

[11]賀務(wù)實(shí),燕旭東,周克英,等.氧驅(qū)霧化吸入普米克令舒治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作療效及對(duì)肺功能的影響[J].黑龍江醫(yī)藥,2017,30(3):546-548.

[12] Kuiper D B,Koppelman G H,Gemert B V,et al.Asthma in 9-year-old children of subfertile couples is not associated with in vitro fertilization procedures[J].European Journal of Pediatrics,2019,178(10):1493-1499.

[13]蓋壯健.高低劑量布地奈德混懸液霧化吸入治療小兒哮喘急性發(fā)作的臨床療效[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新,2013,10(22):116-117.

(收稿日期:2019-11-07) (本文編輯:李盈)

①鐘祥市人民醫(yī)院 湖北 鐘祥 431900

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