陳曉佳 唐菀澤 馬衛(wèi)列 丁航 張志珍
[摘要] 目的 探討白芍醇提物苯甲酰芍藥苷(BP)對THP-1細(xì)胞膽固醇流出的影響。 方法 實驗分ac-LDL組、apoA-1組和apoA-1+BP組。THP-1細(xì)胞加入160 nmol/L佛波酯(PMA)24 h,再加入50 μg/mL乙?;兔芏戎鞍祝╝c-LDL)建立泡沫細(xì)胞模型。液體閃爍計數(shù)法測定泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇流出率;酶化學(xué)反應(yīng)檢測細(xì)胞總膽固醇濃度;定量PCR(qPCR)檢測三磷酸腺苷結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體 A1(ABCA1)表達(dá);Western blot分析ABCA1、固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白(SREBPs)、肝X受體α(LXRα)蛋白表達(dá)變化。 結(jié)果 成功建立THP-1泡沫細(xì)胞模型。apoA-1+BP組泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇流出率高于apoA-1組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。apoA-1+BP組泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)總膽固醇含量低于apoA-1組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。apoA-1+BP組泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)量均高于apoA-1組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。apoA-1+BP組泡沫細(xì)胞LXRα蛋白表達(dá)水平高于apoA-1組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。apoA-1+BP組 SREBP1、SREBP2蛋白表達(dá)量低于apoA-1 組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。 結(jié)論 BP可通過LXRα-ABCA1通路促進(jìn)膽固醇流出。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 苯甲酰芍藥苷;膽固醇流出;泡沫細(xì)胞
[中圖分類號] R282;Q54 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)04(a)-0008-05
Benzoylpaeoniflorin promote cholesterol efflux by enhancing ABCA1 expression
CHEN Xiaojia1 ? TANG Wanze2 ? MA Weilie1 ? DING Hang1 ? ZHANG Zhizhen1
1.School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, Dongguan ? 523808, China; 2.Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People′s Hospital ?Shenzhen Institute for Orthopaedic Research, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen ? 518020, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of Benzoylpaeoniflorin (BP) on cholesterol efflux from THP-1 cells. Methods The experiment was divided into ac-LDL group, apoA-1 group and apoA-1+BP group. The model of foam cells was established by adding 160 nmol/L phorbol-1-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h in THP-1 cells, followed by 50 μg/mL acetylated low-density lipoprotein (ac-LDL). The foam cells cholesterol efflux rate was determined using liquid scintillation counting, the contents of total cholesterol of foam cells were observed by enzymatic reaction method. adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) mRNA expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of ABCA1, sterol regulated original binding proteins(SREBPs)and Liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) were analyzed by Western blot. Results THP-1 cell model was successfully established. Cholesterol efflux of foam cells in apoA-1+BP group was higher than that in apoA-1 group, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The total cholesterol content of foam cells in apoA-1+BP group were lower than those in apoA-1 group, and difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 in apoA-1+BP group were higher than those in apoA-1 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The expression levels of LXRα in apoA-1+BP group were higher than those in apoA-1 group, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The SREBP1 and SREBP2 expression levels in apoA-1+BP group were lower than those in apoA-1 group, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion BP can promote cholesterol efflux through the LXRα-ABCA1 pathway.
[Key words] Benzoylpaeoniflorin; Cholesterol efflux; Foam cells
心血管?。╟ardiovascular disease,CVD)在我國呈逐年上升趨勢,中國CVD現(xiàn)患病人數(shù)約2.9億[1]。動脈粥樣硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是CVD的主要致病原因[2]。AS主要是巨噬細(xì)胞和動脈壁平滑肌細(xì)胞過多的膽固醇累積導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞泡沫化,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞內(nèi)過量膽固醇流出是預(yù)防和治療AS的有效策略[3-4]。目前臨床上使用的促膽固醇流出藥物存在一定的毒副作用,如肝毒性、橫紋肌溶解等[5-6]。我國中醫(yī)中藥博大精深,近年來越來越多促膽固醇流出的中藥活性成分被分離和鑒定[7]。細(xì)胞膽固醇流出主要與血漿中高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)有關(guān),載脂蛋白A-1(apoA-1)是HDL-C的主要成分和功能執(zhí)行者,胞內(nèi)膽固醇通過ABCA1運(yùn)載到細(xì)胞膜,與apoA-1相互作用,促進(jìn)膽固醇的流出[8-9]。固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白(SREBPs)是核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,可調(diào)節(jié)膽固醇及三酰甘油代謝,對維持胞內(nèi)膽固醇平衡起關(guān)鍵作用[10]。肝X受體α(LXRα)是一種核受體,可影響下游基因三磷酸腺苷結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體A1(ABCA1)、SREBPs等的表達(dá),調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇的平衡[11]。課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),白芍提取物可增強(qiáng)泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇的流出能力。故選用白芍醇提物苯甲酰芍藥苷(BP)研究其影響THP-1泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇流出的機(jī)制,為BP治療AS提供理論依據(jù)。
1 對象與方法
1.1 試驗材料
THP-1細(xì)胞由中南大學(xué)細(xì)胞中心提供。
1.2 藥物與試劑
BP(北京欣榮科技有限公司,批號:B20170912);血清(Corning,批號:F160809-27);佛波酯(PMA)(Promega,批號:P20181029);乙?;兔芏戎鞍祝╝c-LDL)(Biochemical Techologies,批號:L20180312);apoA-1(Sigma,批號:A180516J);兔抗ABCA1抗體(Sigma,批號:A160523T);[3H]-膽固醇(PerkinElmer,批號:H0182796)、兔一抗肝X受體α(LXRα)、SREBP1、SREBP2(Abcam公司);兔一抗GAPDH抗體(Thermo Scientific,批號:TJ168764B);辣根過氧化物酶(HRP)標(biāo)記山羊抗兔二抗(安徽經(jīng)科生物科技有限公司,批號:J20170810);Trizol試劑(Invitrogen,批號:17A0515J);逆轉(zhuǎn)錄及qPCR試劑(大連寶生物工程有限公司,批號:R20170613);總膽固醇試劑盒(普利萊基因有限公司,批號:TC20160924);BCA測定試劑盒(碧云天生物科技有限公司,批號:20180213)。
1.3 細(xì)胞模型建立與分組
THP-1細(xì)胞在10%血清RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)(37℃、5%CO2)。將細(xì)胞傳代至6孔板,密度為2×106個/孔,加入PMA,使每孔終濃度為160 nmol/L,培養(yǎng)24 h,待THP-1細(xì)胞貼壁,移去含PMA培養(yǎng)基,加入并使其終濃度為0.2% BSA和50 μg/mL ac-LDL,培養(yǎng)48 h后,貼壁的THP-1細(xì)胞即可分化為泡沫細(xì)胞。本實驗分為ac-LDL組、apoA-1組和BP+apoA-1組。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4.1 膽固醇流出率比較測定 ?THP-1細(xì)胞接種到24孔板,密度為4×105個/孔,PMA誘導(dǎo)貼壁24 h;加入[3H]-膽固醇(終濃度為0.2 μCi/mL)和ac-LDL(終濃度為50 μg/mL),培養(yǎng)48 h,構(gòu)建泡沫細(xì)胞模型,即ac-LDL組。apoA-1組,每孔加入500 μL含apoA-1的1640培養(yǎng)基(終濃度為 10 μg/mL),繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h;apoA-1+BP組,加入apoA-1的同時,加入200 μg/mL BP作用24 h。收集每孔培養(yǎng)基,-20℃保存。每孔加入0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液500 μL,室溫靜置5 min,收集細(xì)胞裂解液,-20℃保存。[3H]-膽固醇放射強(qiáng)度用液體閃爍計數(shù)法測定,放射強(qiáng)度以cpm值計算(cpm值為[3H]-膽固醇放射強(qiáng)度即每分鐘閃爍的次數(shù))。膽固醇流出率(%)=培養(yǎng)基cpm/(細(xì)胞裂解液cpm+培養(yǎng)基cpm)×100%。所有實驗均重復(fù)3次。
1.4.2 泡沫細(xì)胞總膽固醇濃度測定 ?PBS清洗各組細(xì)胞3次,收取細(xì)胞??偰懝檀荚噭┖辛呀庖罕狭呀?0 min,5000 r/min離心5 min,離心半徑16 cm,取上清,分別進(jìn)行總膽固醇含量測定,操作見試劑盒說明書。BCA法測定蛋白含量,以每克蛋白濃度對總膽固醇含量進(jìn)行校正[μmol/(g·pro)]。
1.4.3 熒光定量PCR(qPCR)分析 ?收取各組細(xì)胞,按Trizol試劑說明書提取總RNA,以RNA為模板逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,qPCR試劑盒進(jìn)行定量PCR分析,按試劑盒說明書操作。ABCA1-F:5′-TGCCAGAGTTATTAG-TGCCAAGT-3′,ABCA1-R:5′-GGGAATCAAAGCAG-GATGTTAG-3′;GADPH-F:5′-GTCCTGACTCACAG-CG-3′,GADPH-R:5′-ACACTGTGCTAGCAA-3′。
1.4.4 Western blot分析 ?THP-1細(xì)胞接種6孔板(2×106個/孔),按照說明書冰上裂解細(xì)胞并收取蛋白。在12%的分離膠進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE電泳后,蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上,分別加入兔抗ABCA1抗體(1∶500)、LXRα抗體(1∶500)、SREBP1抗體(1∶1000)、SREBP2抗體(1∶1000),放于4℃冰箱中12 h,PBST清洗3次后用HRP標(biāo)記的二抗結(jié)合2 h,顯影劑顯影。
1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用Grphad Prime 6.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇流出率比較
三組膽固醇流出率比較,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。apoA-1+BP組泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇流出率高于apoA-1組,apoA-1組泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇流出率高于ac-LDL組,差異均有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.01)。見圖1。
與ac-LDL組比較,###P < 0.001;與apoA-1組比較,**P < 0.01。ac-LDL:乙?;兔芏戎鞍?BP:苯甲酰芍藥苷
圖1 ? 三組泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇流出率比較(n = 3)
2.2 三組泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)總膽固醇濃度比較
ac-LDL組泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)總膽固醇含量為(72.772±4.938)μmol/(g·pro),apoA-1組泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)總膽固醇含量為(62.421±2.444)μmol/(g·pro),apoA-1+BP組總膽固醇含量為(44.205±3.867)μmol/(g·pro)。
apoA-1組泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)總膽固醇含量低于ac-LDL組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。apoA-1+BP組總膽固醇含量低于apoA-1組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。見圖2。
與ac-LDL組比較,#P < 0.05;與apoA-1組比較,**P < 0.01。ac-LDL:乙?;兔芏戎鞍?BP:苯甲酰芍藥苷
圖2 ? 三組泡沫細(xì)胞內(nèi)總膽固醇濃度比較(n = 3)
2.3 三組泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1表達(dá)量比較
apoA-1+BP組泡沫細(xì)胞ABCA1 mRNA表達(dá)量比apoA-1組升高91.3%,apoA-1+BP組ABCA1蛋白表達(dá)量比apoA-1 組升高73.8%。
apoA-1+BP組ABCA1 mRNA、蛋白相對表達(dá)量高于apoA-1組,apoA-1組ABCA1 mRNA、蛋白表達(dá)量高于ac-LDL組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。見圖3。
2.4 三組泡沫細(xì)胞LXRα蛋白表達(dá)水平比較
apoA-1+BP組LXRα蛋白表達(dá)水平高于apoA-1組,apoA-1組LXRα蛋白表達(dá)水平高于ac-LDL組,差異均有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.01)。見圖4。
2.5 三組泡沫細(xì)胞SREBPs蛋白表達(dá)水平比較
apoA-1+BP組SREBP1蛋白的表達(dá)水平比apoA-1組降低了27.7%,SREBP2蛋白表達(dá)水平比apoA-1組降低了56.2%。
apoA-1+BP組SREBP1、SREBP2蛋白的表達(dá)水平低于apoA-1組,apoA-1組SREBP1、SREBP2蛋白的表達(dá)水平低于ac-LDL組,差異均有高度統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.01)。見圖5。
3 討論
AS是CVD發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要病理基礎(chǔ),CVD防治的關(guān)鍵在于防治AS。提高HDL-C轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)膽固醇的能力,可促進(jìn)膽固醇流出、抑制膽固醇合成,已成為目前防治AS的主要靶點[12],中藥提取物防治AS活性成分已成為近年的研究熱點。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為白芍有活血化瘀功效,有抗AS作用。白芍的主要成分有氧化芍藥苷、苯甲酰芍藥苷、芍藥內(nèi)酯苷及芍藥苷等[13]。以芍藥為材料研發(fā)的白芍總苷膠囊和芍藥總苷膠囊已經(jīng)在臨床上廣泛使用[14]。劉月麗等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)白芍總苷可以降低脂肪肝模型鼠肝臟脂肪累積,保護(hù)肝功能。但目前尚未有針對白芍總苷單一單體抗AS分子機(jī)制的研究,本課題組前期實驗已經(jīng)證實,氧化芍藥苷可升高過氧化物酶體增殖物激活受體α(PPARα)表達(dá),PPARα上調(diào)下游基因ABCA1,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)泡沫細(xì)胞膽固醇流出[16]。
ABCA1是LXRα的下游基因,激活LXRα,增加ABCA1的表達(dá)[17]。ABCA1與apoA-1相互作用,將細(xì)胞內(nèi)過多的膽固醇運(yùn)到細(xì)胞外,調(diào)控細(xì)胞內(nèi)總膽固醇的平衡[18]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,apoA-1+BP組膽固醇流出率高于apoA-1組,總膽固醇含量低于apoA-1組。
本研究結(jié)果顯示apoA-1+BP組ABCA1 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)量均高于apoA-1組,提示BP通過上調(diào)ABCA1的表達(dá)促進(jìn)膽固醇流出。ABCA1是細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇流出的“調(diào)速器”[19],轉(zhuǎn)錄、翻譯和加工等受到上游轉(zhuǎn)錄因子LXRα的調(diào)節(jié)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,apoA-1+BP組LXRα蛋白的表達(dá)水平高于apoA-1組,提示BP通過LXRα-ABCA1通路促進(jìn)膽固醇流出。
有研究[20-21]報道,中藥活性物可下調(diào)SREBPs的表達(dá),降低細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇濃度。前期實驗結(jié)果顯示[22],中藥穿龍薯蕷提取物甲基薯蕷皂苷元可抑制SREBPs表達(dá),減少細(xì)胞內(nèi)miRNA33a/b含量,提高ABCA1的轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯,增強(qiáng)膽固醇流出能力。
綜上所述,apoA-1+BP組SREBP1、SREBP2蛋白相對表達(dá)量分別比apoA-1組有明顯下降趨勢,提示BP能夠抑制泡沫細(xì)胞SREBPs的表達(dá),而BP抑制SREBPs表達(dá)的機(jī)制需在后續(xù)試驗中研究。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-21 ?本文編輯:劉明玉)