呂曉艷 張媛
摘要? ? 黃猄蟻(Oecophylla smaragdina)是最早用于農(nóng)業(yè)生防的昆蟲(chóng),目前已被證明能防治20多種農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲(chóng),對(duì)農(nóng)林生產(chǎn)具有重要作用,但目前黃猄蟻對(duì)常見(jiàn)農(nóng)藥的藥劑敏感性尚不清楚。本研究采集云南西雙版納地區(qū)的黃猄蟻,使用3種常見(jiàn)農(nóng)藥噻蟲(chóng)嗪、吡蟲(chóng)啉、呋蟲(chóng)胺對(duì)其進(jìn)行毒力測(cè)定,并在培養(yǎng)皿中放置毒餌和黃猄蟻之后的8、16、24、32、40、48 h分別記錄黃猄蟻的死亡情況。結(jié)果表明,黃猄蟻對(duì)不同藥劑的敏感性存在差異,黃猄蟻對(duì)呋蟲(chóng)胺、噻蟲(chóng)嗪以及吡蟲(chóng)啉的16 h半數(shù)致死濃度(LC50)分別為0.130、0.290、0.382 g/L,差異顯著;連續(xù)觀察2 d后發(fā)現(xiàn),不同農(nóng)藥對(duì)黃猄蟻的致死時(shí)間也存在差異,該研究可為黃猄蟻生防的利用和保護(hù)提供科學(xué)參考。
關(guān)鍵詞? ? 黃猄蟻;生物防治;藥劑敏感性
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)? ? S435? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼? ? A
文章編號(hào)? ?1007-5739(2020)09-0095-02? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)
Abstract? ? Oecophylla smaragdina is the first insect to be used in agricultural biocontrol.It has been proved to be able to control more than 20 species of agricultural pests,which plays an important role in agriculture and forestry production,but the susceptibility of the ants to common pesticide is unclear.In this study,three common pesticides(thiamethoxam,imidacloprid and dinotefuran)were used to determine the virulence of Oecophylla smar-agdina collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.The mortality of Oecophylla smaragdina was recorded at 8,16,24,32,40,48 hours after the baits and ants were placed in the petri dish.The results showed that the insecticide susceptibility is different to Oecophylla smaragdina among these 3 pesticides.The median lethal concentration(LC50)for dinotefuran,thiamethoxam,imidacloprid in 16 h were 0.130 g/L,0.290 g/L and 0.382 g/L respe-ctively,which is significant difference,and the lethal time of different pesticides on Oecophylla smaragdina is also different after 2-day observation.Our study could provide a scientific evidence on utilization in biocontrol and protection for Oecophylla smaragdina.
Key words? ? Oecophylla smaragdina;biocontrol;insecticide susceptibility
黃猄蟻(Oecophylla smaragdina)是隸屬蟻科(Formicidae)織葉蟻屬(Oecophylla)的一種螞蟻,廣泛分布于亞洲和澳大利亞[1]。其由于具有很強(qiáng)的捕食能力,是世界上最早被用于以蟲(chóng)治蟲(chóng)的典型昆蟲(chóng)[2]。公元304年,嵇含在《南方草木傳》中記載了用黃猄蟻防治柑橘害蟲(chóng),公元304年之后又有多本古文書(shū)籍記載了用黃猄蟻防治多種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物上主要害蟲(chóng)的情況。由于其防治效果較好,后人將其連同蟻巢一起在市面出售[3-4],最終擴(kuò)大了黃猄蟻的應(yīng)用面積。擴(kuò)大應(yīng)用面積的同時(shí),黃猄蟻從柑橘園被引遷到了荔枝、橘子、柚子園等,增加了黃猄蟻的應(yīng)用范圍[5]。直到現(xiàn)如今黃猄蟻的生防效果也不容小覷,其除了能夠捕食柑橘、荔枝、柚子園主要害蟲(chóng),還能控制芒果、可可、腰果和樟子松等經(jīng)濟(jì)樹(shù)木上的主要害蟲(chóng),如紅帶薊馬(Selenothrips rubrocinctus)和蝽象(Cyclopelta si-ccifolia)等20多種有害生物[6-7],對(duì)農(nóng)林業(yè)生產(chǎn)具有非常重要的作用。在一些東南亞國(guó)家,黃猄蟻可被傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用于治療人體疾病、可作為飼喂鳥(niǎo)的珍貴飼料以及作為重要的食用昆蟲(chóng)在市場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行交易等[8]。此外,在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的需要下,人類(lèi)長(zhǎng)期施用農(nóng)藥,一些有害生物產(chǎn)生抗藥性,而大量類(lèi)似黃猄蟻的害蟲(chóng)天敵被農(nóng)藥殺死,導(dǎo)致害蟲(chóng)再猖獗、糧食作物農(nóng)藥殘留的現(xiàn)象[9]。隨著人類(lèi)健康、環(huán)保意識(shí)的提升,生物防治越來(lái)越受重視,19世紀(jì)以來(lái),生物防治在很多國(guó)家迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)[10],黃猄蟻?zhàn)鳛樯锓乐螝v史最長(zhǎng)且有效的昆蟲(chóng),其在當(dāng)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色。但是,由于農(nóng)藥的大量廣泛使用,黃猄蟻也不可避免地遭到農(nóng)藥的毒害,而目前針對(duì)農(nóng)藥對(duì)黃猄蟻毒性的研究基本為空白。本研究擬選擇噻蟲(chóng)嗪(Thiamethoxam)、吡蟲(chóng)啉(Imidacloprid)和呋蟲(chóng)胺(Dinotefuran)3種新煙堿類(lèi)殺蟲(chóng)劑,研究其對(duì)黃猄蟻的毒性。這3種農(nóng)藥由于具有高效低毒、殺蟲(chóng)廣譜以及對(duì)人畜、作物和環(huán)境安全的特點(diǎn),在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中被廣泛使用[11-12]。使用這3種農(nóng)藥進(jìn)行黃猄蟻的毒性研究符合實(shí)際應(yīng)用,也可為保護(hù)黃猄蟻提供依據(jù)。
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