趙昌高,徐洪峰,張方鋼,陳 鋒,謝文遠(yuǎn),陳征海
(1. 景寧畬族自治縣生態(tài)林業(yè)發(fā)展中心,浙江 景寧 323500; 2. 浙江自然博物院,浙江 杭州310014; 3. 浙江省森林資源監(jiān)測中心,浙江 杭州 310020)
懸鉤子屬RubusL.是薔薇科Rosaceae的大屬,約700余種,分布于全世界,主產(chǎn)于北半球溫帶地區(qū),少數(shù)種類分布至熱帶和南半球[1].我國現(xiàn)知208種,其中特有種139種[2],分布遍及全國,以長江以南各地種類最豐富,分布也最集中[3].
關(guān)于浙江的懸鉤子屬野生種類,多位學(xué)者相繼報(bào)道了一些新分類群和新記錄植物[1-11].2014年以來,筆者在浙江野生植物資源調(diào)查和《浙江植物志》(新編)編研期間,對(duì)浙江的懸鉤子屬植物進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)整理與研究,相關(guān)結(jié)果見文獻(xiàn)[12].2019年,筆者對(duì)浙江南部山區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種懸鉤子屬植物進(jìn)行了深入研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)其外形雖與我國南方地區(qū)廣泛分布的東南懸鉤子R.tsangorumHand.-Mazz.相似,但小枝、葉背面脈上、葉柄、花序梗、花序軸、花萼外面密被灰白色開展長柔毛,并混生稀疏軟刺毛,而無紫紅色腺毛;葉片的頂生裂片先端圓鈍或急尖,側(cè)生裂片先端圓鈍,背面密被宿存絨毛;花常3~9朵排成頂生近總狀花序和1~3朵腋生,頂生者長3~5(~7) cm;萼片卵狀披針形.分布的海拔高度也有分化,一般在1 000 m以上的山地而與R.tsangorum顯著不同.經(jīng)查對(duì)文獻(xiàn)[2, 13-15],并進(jìn)行標(biāo)本和形態(tài)比較研究后確認(rèn)為新種,現(xiàn)予以報(bào)道.
景寧懸鉤子新種 圖1
Rubus jingningensisZ.H. Chen, F. Chen et F.G. Zhang, sp. nov. Fig.1.
This new species is similar toR.tsangorumHand.-Mazz., but differs in having branchlets, veins of abaxial leaf blades, petioles, peduncles, rachises, pedicels, and outsides of sepals densely villous, with sparse needle-like prickles, not purplish-red glandular hairy (instead of villous, unevenly purplish-red glandular hairy and bristly, sometimes with sparse needle-like prickles); terminal lobes of blade apex obtuse or acute, lateral lobes apex obtuse (instead of terminal lobe apex acute or shortly acuminate, lateral lobes apex obtuse or acute), abaxially persistent thickly tomentose (instead of deciduously thinly tomentose); inflorescences terminal or axillary, subracemos, terminal ones 3-9-flowered, 3-5 (-7) cm, lateral ones 1-3-flowered (instead of 5-20-flowered, terminal ones 8-13 cm); sepals triangular-ovate (instead of narrowly triangular-lanceolate).
Type: China. Zhejiang(浙江), Jingning (景寧), Shangshantou (上山頭), under the forest on slope, alt. 1 580 m, 4 Jul. 2019,F.Chen(陳鋒),Z.H.Chen(陳征海) etX.D.Mei(梅旭東)JN19070403(holotype: ZM; isotype: ZM).
A:繁殖枝;B:營養(yǎng)枝;C:莖;D:托葉;E:葉片;F:葉緣;G:果枝;H:聚合果;I:果萼;J:果托.
亞灌木.枝匍匐,二型:營養(yǎng)枝伏地生長,長可達(dá)2 m,頂端著地生根而生長新株;繁殖枝伏地或斜升,長約20~30 cm.小枝均密被褐色絨毛、灰白色開展長柔毛,并疏生基部扁平而略膨大、先端細(xì)長而彎曲的軟刺毛.單葉;葉片厚紙質(zhì),近圓形,直徑(3~)5~12 cm,基部深心形,上面綠色,沿主脈兩側(cè)常有暗紫色斑塊并具開展柔毛,沿主脈稍密,背面密被宿存的灰白色絨毛,沿葉脈密被開展長柔毛,基出脈中下部疏生褐色軟刺毛,邊緣3~5淺裂,側(cè)生裂片先端圓鈍,頂生裂片比側(cè)生裂片稍大,寬三角形,先端圓鈍或急尖,葉緣有不規(guī)則牙齒,基部具掌狀5出脈,側(cè)脈3~4對(duì);葉柄長(1~)3~5(~6.5) cm,有白色開展長柔毛和稀疏軟刺毛;托葉離生,長0.8~1.7 cm,掌狀深裂,裂片細(xì)條形,有長柔毛.花常3~9朵成頂生近總狀花序和1~3朵腋生,頂生者長3~5(~7) cm;花序梗、花梗及花萼外面均被白色開展長柔毛和稀疏軟刺毛;花梗長0.7 ~ 1.8 cm;苞片與托葉相似,但較?。换ㄖ睆?~1.2 cm;萼筒杯狀,長約3 mm;萼片卵狀披針形,內(nèi)面被絨毛,長8~10 mm,長漸尖,先端2~3分裂,裂片細(xì)條形,果期先直立后反折;花瓣寬倒卵形,長6~7 mm,先端圓鈍,蝕齒狀,基部具短爪,白色;雄蕊多數(shù),花絲無毛;雌蕊多數(shù),常8~12枚發(fā)育,明顯長于雄蕊,子房無毛;花托頂端被白色長柔毛.果實(shí)近球形,紅色,無毛;小核果8~12,核具明顯皺紋.花期7月,果期8月.
Paratypes: China. Zhejiang (浙江), Jingning (景寧), Dayanghu (大仰湖), under the forest on slope, alt. 1 400 m, 19 Aug. 2019,J.Lin(林堅(jiān)),Y.K.Xu(許元科) etC.G.Zhao(趙昌高)JN19081906 (ZM); the same locality and date, under forest of monticule, alt. 1 510 m,J.Lin(林堅(jiān)),Y.K.Xu(許元科) etC.G.Zhao(趙昌高)JN19081910 (ZM); the same locality and date, alt. 1 319 m,Z.H.Chen(陳征海),X.D.Mei(梅旭東) etH.F.Xu(徐洪峰)JN19081903,JN19081904 (ZM); the same locality and date, alt. 1 495 m,J.Lin(林堅(jiān)),Y.K.Xu(許元科) etC.G.Zhao(趙昌高)JN19081908,JN19081911 (ZM); the same locality, under forest of monticule, alt. 1 504 m, 30 Jul. 2019,F.Chen(陳鋒) etZ.H.Chen(陳征海)JN19073003; Shanliao (善寮), at forest margin in valley, alt. 1 200 m,X.D.Mei(梅旭東),C.G.Zhao(趙昌高) etH.F.Xu(徐洪峰)JN19081916 (ZM); the same locality, under the forest on slope, alt. 1 044 m,Z.H.Chen(陳征海) etH.F.Xu(徐洪峰)JN19090103 (ZM); Jingnan (景南), Shangshantou (上山頭), under the forest on slope, alt. 1 580~1 585 m, 17 Aug. 2019,X.D.Mei(梅旭東),D.H.Wu(吳東浩) etZ.H.Chen(陳征海)JN19081702,JN19081703 (ZM).
致謝承蒙杭州師范大學(xué)教授金孝鋒博士審閱全文并提出寶貴意見,謹(jǐn)致以誠摯的謝意.