劉菊蓮,徐躍良,陳 鋒,謝文遠(yuǎn),陳征海
(1. 浙江九龍山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū),浙江 遂昌 323300; 2. 浙江自然博物院,浙江 杭州 310014; 3. 浙江省森林資源監(jiān)測(cè)中心,浙江 杭州 310020)
忍冬屬LoniceraL.全世界約200種,分布于北美洲、歐洲、亞洲和非洲北部的溫帶及亞熱帶地區(qū).中國(guó)有98種,廣布于全國(guó)各省區(qū),主產(chǎn)于西南地區(qū)[1].
本屬有不少藥用植物和有觀賞價(jià)值的綠化植物,如金銀花是具有悠久歷史的著名中藥.
浙江忍冬屬植物較為豐富,《浙江植物志》記載有14種2亞種4變種[2].該志出版之后,又有一些新記錄植物陸續(xù)被發(fā)現(xiàn)和報(bào)道[3].近年來(lái),筆者在承擔(dān)《浙江植物志》(新編)編寫(xiě)任務(wù)時(shí),對(duì)浙江的忍冬科植物進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)整理和研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了1個(gè)新種,現(xiàn)予以報(bào)道.
無(wú)毛忍冬新種 圖1,圖2
Lonicera omissaP.L. Chiu, Z.H. Chen et Y.L. Xu, sp. nov. Fig.1, Fig.2.
——LoniceraacuminataWall. var.depilataauct., non P.S. Hsu et H.J. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin.17(4): 80. 1979, p.p., quoad habitat. Zhejiangen, Fujianen, Jiangxien et Guangdongen.——L.glaucophyllaC.Y. Wu in herb., non Hook. f. & Thomson in J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.2: 165. 1858.——LoniceraglabrataY.B. Zhang in herb., non Wall. in Fl. Ind.2: 175. 1824.
This new species is similar toL.acuminataWall. andL.acuminataWall. var.depilataP.S. Hsu et H.J. Wang, but the difference with the former is that: branchlet, leaf blade, petiole and peduncle glabrous or only petiole with a few stiff hairs (vs. branchlet, upper midvein and margin of leaf blade, petiole, peduncle with dense brown-yellow stiff hairs); leaf blade abaxially usually glaucous (vs. light green); corolla yellowish, becoming orange (vs. white tinged red becoming purple) , anther 1/5-1/4 as long as length of filament (vs. ca.1/2), and whole style hirsute (vs. top glabrous). And the difference with the latter is that: leaf blades usually ovate-oblong, narrowly elliptic, or ovate (vs. linear-lanceolate), apex acute or shortly acuminate (vs. apex acuminate); peduncle thickset, 0-0.5(-2) cm(vs. slender, 2-3 cm), corolla yellowish, becoming orange (vs. pale purplish red), and whole style hirsute (vs. top glabrous).
Type: China. Zhejiang(浙江),Suichang(遂昌),Huangshayao(黃沙腰),Dafengling(大風(fēng)嶺),alt.1 030 m, the roadside thickets on a slope, corolla yellowish, 11 May 2018,Y.L.Xu(徐躍良),X.Cai(蔡鑫) etJ.L.Liu(劉菊蓮)Xu517 (holotype: ZM; isotype: ZM).
半常綠藤本,小枝紅褐色或紫紅色,無(wú)毛,髓褐色后消失變中空.葉對(duì)生;葉片薄革質(zhì),卵狀矩圓形、狹橢圓形、卵形,稀卵狀披針形、矩圓狀披針形,長(zhǎng)3.5~7.5 cm,寬1.5~3.5 cm,頂端急尖至短漸尖,基部近圓形或截形,稀楔形,兩面無(wú)毛,上面深綠色,光亮,下面灰綠色,常略帶淡紫色,側(cè)脈5~6(~8)對(duì),在近葉緣處網(wǎng)結(jié),網(wǎng)脈稀疏,在兩面都不甚清晰,連同側(cè)脈在上面稍凹陷;葉柄長(zhǎng)3~6 mm,無(wú)毛或上面邊緣被疏糙毛.雙花在小枝頂集合成近傘房狀花序或單生于小枝上部葉腋,花序梗長(zhǎng)0~5(~20) mm;苞片鉆形,比萼筒短,稀為狹披針形而長(zhǎng)于萼筒,無(wú)毛;小苞片寬卵形,長(zhǎng)為萼筒的1/3~2/5,頂端鈍或圓,無(wú)毛;萼筒長(zhǎng)卵形,長(zhǎng)約2 mm,無(wú)毛,萼齒卵狀三角形,長(zhǎng)為萼筒的2/5,無(wú)毛;花冠淡黃色轉(zhuǎn)橙黃色,漏斗狀,長(zhǎng)約1.5~2 cm,外面無(wú)毛,唇形,筒長(zhǎng)0.8~1.2 cm,較唇瓣略長(zhǎng),內(nèi)面有糙毛,冠筒下側(cè)中部有囊,上唇直立,裂片卵形,花后先端稍外翻,下唇反曲;雄蕊與花冠幾等高,花藥長(zhǎng)約3 mm,長(zhǎng)約為花絲的1/5~1/4,花絲下部有稀疏、開(kāi)展的糙毛;花柱全部被稀疏的糙毛,中部以下的糙毛開(kāi)展,中部以上的糙毛伏貼,柱頭無(wú)毛.果實(shí)藍(lán)黑色,卵圓形,長(zhǎng)6~7 mm,直徑約5 mm;種子近橢圓形,稍扁,長(zhǎng)4~5 mm,頂端略偏斜,兩側(cè)加厚,有橫溝紋,中間各具1縱棱脊.花期5月,果期10~11月.
a:花枝;b:雙花;c:苞片,小苞片,萼筒與萼齒;d:花冠;e:花冠,雄蕊與花柱;f:花柱;g:葉背,葉柄與糙毛;h:果枝;i:果實(shí).
A:花枝;B:果枝;C:雙花;D:花冠展開(kāi)(示花絲,雄蕊,花柱);E:花柱;F:果實(shí).
本種與淡紅忍冬L.acuminataWall.相近,但植物體完全無(wú)毛或僅葉柄有少數(shù)糙毛(vs.小枝、葉片上面中脈、葉緣、葉柄、花序梗均明顯被土黃色糙毛);葉片下面常帶粉綠色(vs.淡綠色);花冠淡黃色轉(zhuǎn)橙黃色(vs.淡紫色轉(zhuǎn)紫色),花藥長(zhǎng)為花絲的1/5~1/4(vs.約1/2),花柱全部被毛(vs.頂端無(wú)毛)而顯著不同.又與無(wú)毛淡紅忍冬L.acuminataWall. var.depilataP. S. Hsu et H.J. Wang相近,但葉片通常卵狀矩圓形、狹橢圓形或卵形(vs.條狀披針形),先端急尖或短漸尖(vs.先端漸尖);花序梗較粗短,長(zhǎng)0~0.5(~2) cm(vs.纖細(xì),長(zhǎng)2~3 cm),花冠淡黃色轉(zhuǎn)橙黃色(vs.淡紫紅色),花柱全部被毛(vs.頂端無(wú)毛)而顯著不同.
Zhejiang(浙江):Jinyun (縉云),Dayangshan(大洋山),12 Oct. 1989,in the valley,collector unknown 0218(ZM); Qingyuan (慶元), Baishanzu(百山祖), 22 Sep. 1985, collector unknown 850061(ZM); the same locality, 16 Oct. 1984, collector unknown 0004(HHBG); the same county,Z.G.Mao(毛宗國(guó))10135(NAS); Suichang(遂昌), Zhongkeng(中坑), alt. 900 m, 22 May 1982,F.G.Zhang(張方鋼) etZ.Y.Li(李志云)5197(ZM); Zhedaikou Country(柘岱口鄉(xiāng)), Daxikengkou(大西坑口), open area on the south slope, alt. 800 m, 13 Aug. 1985,L.X.Hong(洪利興)2301(ZM); Longquan(龍泉), Fengyangshan(鳳陽(yáng)山), Huangmaojian(黃茅尖), on the slope near top, alt.1 850 m, 28 Jun. 1987,Y.B.Zhang(張韻冰) etY.L.Xu(徐躍良)5414(ZM); Fengyangshan(鳳陽(yáng)山), Dadiping(大地坪), on the shrubbery by the valley stream, alt.1 220 m, 25 May 1985,HHBG(杭植標(biāo))1735(HHBG); Shuangxicun(雙溪村), alt.1 200 m, 23 Oct. 2018,Y.L.Xu(徐躍良)etY.Zhang(張洋)ZHY046(ZM); Maoshan(昴山), in the secondary mixed forest, alt. 1 110 m, 27 Jul. 1958,R.H.Shanet al.(單人驊等)5543(PE、NAS、WUK); Maoshan(昴山), on the shrubbery near the top of mountain, 25 Jun. 1977, collector unknown 342(HHBG); the same locality, near the top of mountain, forest margin on the slope, alt.1 040 m, 13 Jun. 1981,HHBG1889(HHBG); the same locality, the back of Maoshan Temple, on the grass beside the giant rock, 22 Aug. 1961, collector unknown 8819(NAS); Jingning(景寧), Dongkeng(東坑), in the rubble by the stream, alt. 600 m, 5 Nov. 1963, collector unknown 20140(HHBG); Taishun (泰順), Wuyanling(烏巖嶺), cling a tree near rocks in the valley, 14 Jul. 1960, collector unknown 8567(HHBG); Pingyang(平陽(yáng)), Qipanshan(棋盤(pán)山), alt. 700 m, 8 Sep. 2018,Z.H.Chen(陳征海)PY18090803(ZM);Fujian(福建): Chong’an(崇安), Xingcun(星村), Tongmu(桐木), on the shrubbery, alt. 900 m,1 Sep. 1979,WuyiExp.S0114(FJSI,IBSC); the same county, Sangang(三港), Baihuxi(白虎溪), on the shrubbery, alt. 750 m, 16 Aug. 1979,WuyiExp.00471(FJSI); Taining(泰寧), Xinqiao(新橋), cling the shrub on the slope, alt.1 150 m, 15 Jun. 1978,G.D.Cai(蔡國(guó)棟)338(FJSI); the same county, alt.1 600 m, 16 Jun. 1978,G.D.Cai(蔡國(guó)棟) 462(FJSI); Jianyang(建陽(yáng)), Dazhugang(大竹崗), Shibatiao(十八眺), cling the shrub on the slope, alt. 850 m, 7 Sep. 1979,WuyiExp.01329(FJSI);Jiangxi(江西): Jinggangshan(井岡山), cling the shrub on the slope, alt.1 400 m, 17 Jun. 1965,S.S.Lai(賴書(shū)紳)4167(KUN,IBSC); Yanshan(鉛山), Yanbu(鹽埠), Dakeng(大坑), under the forest in the valley, 11 Aug. 1958,P.S.Chiu(裘佩熹)1886(PE);Guangdong(廣東): Ruyuan(乳源), Xishan Country(西山鄉(xiāng)), Wuzhishan(五指山), the sparse forest by the valley, 27 Nov. 1957,Z.Huang(黃志)44315(IBSC).
本種產(chǎn)于浙江的衢江、蓮都、縉云、遂昌、龍泉、慶元、景寧、文成、泰順;江西、福建、廣東也有.
徐炳聲先生等發(fā)表LoniceraacuminataWall. var.depilataP.S. Hsu et H.J. Wang時(shí),引證了浙江龍泉的標(biāo)本(paratype:?jiǎn)稳蓑懙?543號(hào),1958年7月27日采自龍泉昴山寺后,海拔1 110 m的次生雜木林內(nèi),分存PE、NAS、WUK)[4].杭州植物園裘寶林先生研究后指出,浙江的“無(wú)毛淡紅忍冬”與淡紅忍冬明顯不同,宜作為種級(jí)對(duì)待.徐躍良研究后認(rèn)為,浙江的“無(wú)毛淡紅忍冬”花序梗通常較短,花冠黃色,花柱全部被毛,而與無(wú)毛淡紅忍冬的主模式(四川寶興,宋濨圃38890,存NAS)差異很大,應(yīng)是獨(dú)立的不同種.事實(shí)上,早在1966年,吳征鎰先生即已關(guān)注到該類(lèi)群,在單人驊等采自浙江龍泉昴山的5543號(hào)標(biāo)本(KUN0114056)上新擬了Loniceraglaucophyllasp. nov.的名稱(chēng),但該名稱(chēng)在1858年即已存在(LoniceraglaucophyllaHook. f. & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.2: 165. 1858=西域鬼吹簫Leycesteriaglaucophylla(Hook. f. & Thomson) C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India3: 16. 1880);張韻冰1986年也注意到了該種,在張方鋼、李志云采自浙江遂昌大西坑的5197號(hào)標(biāo)本上新擬了無(wú)毛忍冬Loniceraglabratasp. nov.的裸名,但經(jīng)筆者考證,發(fā)現(xiàn)該名稱(chēng)也只能作為光忍冬LoniceraglabrataWall.[Fl. Ind.2: 175. 1824,模式標(biāo)本N. Wallich #474產(chǎn)尼泊爾,存BM(BM000521770)、K(K001111103)]的晚出同名.另外,Dunn’s Expedition to Central Fokien于1905年采自福建的標(biāo)本2776號(hào)(QIN06683)與浙江的“無(wú)毛淡紅忍冬”形態(tài)特征一致,歷史上曾被誤定為光忍冬.
筆者支持上述獨(dú)立種系的觀點(diǎn).它與淡紅忍冬L.acuminateWall.及分布于華中地區(qū)的無(wú)毛淡紅忍冬L.acuminataWall. var.depilataP.S. Hsu et H.J. Wang相近但區(qū)別明顯,目前已知的分布區(qū)限于浙江、福建、江西和廣東,是一個(gè)被忽略的種.由于L.glaucophyllaHook. f. & Thomson和L.glabrataWall.的名稱(chēng)均已用過(guò),遂新擬了L.omissaP.L.Chiu, Z.H. Chen et Y.L. Xu這一名稱(chēng),以資區(qū)別.
Yang等[5]認(rèn)為淡紅忍冬是一個(gè)復(fù)合體,變異非常大,把無(wú)毛淡紅忍冬、毛萼忍冬L.trichosepala(Rehd.) Hsu、短柄忍冬L.pampaniniiLévl.、醉魚(yú)草狀忍冬L.buddleioides Hsu et S. C. Cheng等作為淡紅忍冬異名處理.事實(shí)上,從浙江有分布的淡紅忍冬、毛萼忍冬、短柄忍冬及本文所描述的無(wú)毛忍冬來(lái)看,種間的區(qū)別特征顯著且穩(wěn)定,沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)渡類(lèi)型.因此筆者認(rèn)為作為一個(gè)復(fù)合體的處理方式不太合理.
致謝杭州植物園裘寶林正高級(jí)工程師幫助審閱全文并提出修改意見(jiàn),杭州師范大學(xué)生命與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院教授金孝鋒博士為本種繪制線描圖,謹(jǐn)致謝意.