劉曉芳 王曉婷 趙楠
[摘要] 目的 研究逐水飲對大鼠惡性胸腔積液的治療作用及對大鼠胸膜組織轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β1(TGF-β1)和水通道蛋白-1(AQP-1)表達(dá)的影響。方法 建立惡性胸腔積液大鼠模型,將建模成功的大鼠按隨機數(shù)字表法分為5組,分別為模型組(MC)、陽性對照組(PC)、逐水飲高劑量組(HD)、逐水飲中劑量組(MD)、逐水飲低劑量組(LD),每組10只。另取10只正常大鼠記為正常組(NC)。建模后第1天,PC腹腔注射2 mg/kg順鉑注射液,1次/2 d;HD、MD和LD分別灌胃66.0、33.0、16.5 g/kg的逐水飲藥液,1次/d;NC和MC灌胃等體積的生理鹽水,1次/d,共7 d。比較各組胸腔積液量和癌細(xì)胞含量;蘇木精-伊紅染色觀察胸膜組織病變;比較各組TGF-β1和AQP-1表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 MC、PC、HD、MD和LD第4、8天大鼠胸腔積液量、癌細(xì)胞數(shù)均高于第1天,第8天均高于第4天;第1天MC大鼠胸腔積液量高于NC,第4、8天MC大鼠胸腔積液量、癌細(xì)胞數(shù)均高于NC,PC、HD、MD、LD均低于MC,HD低于PC,LD高于PC,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。NC大鼠胸膜組織結(jié)構(gòu)正常。MC大鼠胸膜增厚嚴(yán)重,癌細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤嚴(yán)重。HD、MD、LD胸膜層厚減輕,癌細(xì)胞浸潤較少。與NC比較,MC TGF-β1和AQP-1表達(dá)水平升高(P < 0.05);與MC比較PC、HD、MD和LD TGF-β1和AQP-1表達(dá)水平均降低(P < 0.05);與PC比較,HD TGF-β1和AQP-1表達(dá)水平降低,LD TGF-β1和AQP-1表達(dá)水平升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 逐水飲對大鼠惡性胸腔積液療效良好,可能與下調(diào)TGF-β1、AQP-1表達(dá)有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 逐水飲;惡性胸腔積液;轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β1;水通道蛋白-1
[中圖分類號] R737.11? ? ? ? ? [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)07(c)-0017-05
Effect of Zhushui Yin on rats with malignant pleural effusion and its effect on expression of TGF-β1 and AQP-1 in rat pleural tissues
LIU Xiaofang1? ?WANG Xiaoting2? ?ZHAO Nan1▲
1.College of Acupuncture and Massage, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin? 150040, China; 2.Department of Oncology, Harbin Chinese Medicine Hospital, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin? ?150900, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Zhushui Yin on malignant pleural effusion in rats and its effect on expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) in rat pleural tissues. Methods The rat model of malignant pleural effusion was established, and the successfully modeled rats were divided into five groups according to the random number table method, namely, the model group (MC), the positive control group (PC), the high-dose group (HD), the middle-dose group (MD), and the low-dose group (LD), with ten rats in each group. Another ten normal rats were recorded as normal group (NC). On the first day after modeling, PC was intraperitoneally injected with 2 mg/kg Cisplatin Injection once every two days. HD, MD and LD were respectively given 66.0, 33.0 g/kg and 16.5 g/kg of Zhushui Yin Liquid once a day. NC and MC were given the same volume of normal saline, once a day, for seven days in total. The amount of pleural effusion and the content of cancer cells in each group were compared. Pleural lesions were observed by hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The TGF-β1 and AQP-1 expression were compared in each group. Results The amount of pleural effusion and the number of cancer cells of MC, PC, HD, MD and LD on the fourth day and the eighth day were all higher than those on the first day, and the eighth day was higher than the fourth day. On the first day, the pleural effusion amount of MC rats was higher than NC, on the fourth day and the eighth day, the pleural effusion amount and cancer cell number of MC rats were higher than those of NC, while PC, HD, MD and LD were lower than MC, HD was lower than PC, LD was higher than PC, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The pleural structure of NC rats was normal. The pleural thickening and infiltration of cancer cells and lymphocytes were serious in MC rats. The pleural thickness in HD, MD, LD was reduced and the infiltration of cancer cells was less. Compared with NC, the expressions of TGF-β1 and AQP-1 in MC were increased (P < 0.05). Compared with MC, the expression levels of TGF-β1 and AQP-1 in PC, HD, MD and LD were all decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with PC, the expression levels of TGF-β1 and AQP-1 in HD were decreased, while the expression levels of TGF-β1 and AQP-1 in LD were increased, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Zhuishui Yin has a good effect on malignant pleural effusion in rats, which may be related to down-regulation of TGF-β1 and AQP-1 expression.
[Key words] Zhushui Yin; Malignant pleural effusion; Transforming growth factor-β1; Aquaporin-1
惡性胸腔積液是由惡性腫瘤引起的常見并發(fā)癥,多發(fā)于癌癥晚期[1]。肺癌導(dǎo)致的惡性胸腔積液在臨床較多見,占50%~60%[2]。惡性胸腔積液目前常用方法是通過胸腔給予化療藥物,但此類藥物具有對人體毒副作用大、惡性胸腔積液易反復(fù)等缺陷[3-4]。逐水飲具有清肺利水、益氣散毒等作用[5]。有研究顯示[6],逐水飲聯(lián)合香菇多糖可有效控制惡性胸腔積液,但對于逐水飲單獨的作用效果及其作用機制相關(guān)報道較少。因此本研究使用逐水飲治療惡性胸腔積液并探索其作用機制,現(xiàn)報道如下:
1 材料與方法
1.1材料
64只2月齡SPF級別Wistar大鼠,雌雄各半,體重230~260 g,購自浙江維通利華實驗動物技術(shù)有限公司[許可證號:SCXK(浙)2019-0001];艾氏腹水瘤細(xì)胞購自上海雅吉生物科技有限公司;逐水飲:黃芪20 g、葶藶子20 g、瓜蔞皮20 g、苦參20 g、白花蛇舌草20 g、人參15 g、大棗15 g、桑白皮15 g、百部15 g、莪術(shù)15 g、甘草15 g,夏枯草10 g均購自同仁堂大藥房(逐水飲由醫(yī)院藥劑科制備成流浸膏,含生藥1 g/mL);順鉑購自成都利爾藥業(yè)有限公司(批號:A2018070508);蘇木精-伊紅染色(HE)試劑盒、反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、RNA提取試劑盒、PCR(RT-qPCR)熒光染料預(yù)混試劑盒、Western blot試劑盒均購自上海李記生物科技有限公司(批號:17052210、17081207、2015052305、Y145831-012、09114 0125);引物設(shè)計委托廣州伯信生物科技有限公司;轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β1(TGF-β1)鼠單克隆抗體(批號:2010050233),水通道蛋白-1(AQP-1)鼠單克隆抗體(批號:2016040412)和β-actin鼠單克隆抗體(批號:2008112010)及兔抗鼠IgG二抗(批號:2012052428)均購自美國abcam公司。
DMS-854光學(xué)顯微鏡購自深圳市奧凱視科技有限公司;TG16KR高速冷凍離心機購自上海繼譜電子科技有限公司;DYCZ-24DN垂直電泳設(shè)備購自北京六一儀器廠;JM1966-018500 RT-qPCR儀器購自美國羅氏公司;HF100HA動物X光機購自日本Ltd公司。
1.2 建模、分組和干預(yù)方法
Wistar大鼠飼養(yǎng)在23℃恒溫,濕度50%,12 h明暗交替的無菌動物飼養(yǎng)房中。雌雄分籠飼養(yǎng)。本研究通過黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)實驗動物倫理委員會倫理審查,倫理審查受理號:2019040502。
建模、分組及給藥:在5%CO2,37℃恒溫細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)艾氏腹水瘤細(xì)胞,接種于4只大鼠腹腔內(nèi),7 d后,將腹水中的腫瘤細(xì)胞吹散成單個懸浮狀態(tài)。隨機挑選50只大鼠進行建模。將1×108個/mL濃度細(xì)胞懸液從大鼠右側(cè)腋后線處第11~12肋骨間隙注射入胸腔,每只大鼠注射0.3 mL,余下10只記作正常組(NC),同樣操作胸腔注射0.3 mL生理鹽水。建模24 h后通過X線片對建模大鼠進行病理評價[7]。將建模成功的大鼠將按照自然數(shù)編號并利用SAS 9.0計算機軟件建立隨機數(shù)字表將其分為5組,分別為模型組(MC)、陽性對照組(PC)、逐水飲高劑量組(HD)、逐水飲中劑量組(MD)、逐水飲低劑量組(LD),每組10只。PC腹腔注射2 mg/kg的順鉑注射液,1次/2 d,HD、MD、LD分別灌胃66、33、16.5 g/kg逐水飲藥液,1次/d。MC和NC灌胃等體積生理鹽水,1次/d。連續(xù)7 d。在建模后第8天,頸椎脫臼法處死大鼠。
大鼠胸腔積液量檢測:分別在建模后第1、4、8天,使用10 mL注射器從大鼠膈肌腹面向胸腔內(nèi)進針并抽取胸腔內(nèi)積液,記錄抽取胸腔積液量。
觀察大鼠胸腔積液沉渣中癌細(xì)胞量:分別在建模后第1、4、8天,每只大鼠取2 mL胸腔積液,4℃,3000 r/min,離心半徑6.3 cm,離心10 min。取沉淀涂片并使用HE染色試劑盒對圖片染色后封片并在顯微鏡200×視野下觀察。
觀察大鼠胸膜組織病理變化:剪開大鼠胸腔,取胸膜組織于10%福爾馬林溶液中進行固定,石蠟包埋后切片,按照HE染色說明書和染色,封片,光鏡下觀察。
胸膜組織中TGF-β1、AQP-1 mRNA檢測:取2 mg胸膜組織,提取組織中總RNA,反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA。設(shè)計上下游引物。反應(yīng)體系:cDNA 0.5 μL,dNTP 1 μL,熒光染料預(yù)混試劑1 μL,上下游引物分別1 μL,ddH2O 5.5 μL,總體積10 μL。95℃ 10 min,35個循環(huán)95℃ 30 s,56℃ 15 s,72℃ 30 s。對溶解曲線進行分析,并以β-actin為對照。
胸膜組織中TGF-β1、AQP-1蛋白檢測:取2 mg胸膜組織提取總蛋白,按照Western blot試劑盒說明書操作。顯色后使用掃描儀掃描成像并分析條帶灰度值,以β-actin為對照。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間兩兩比較采用SNK-q和LSD-t檢驗;重復(fù)測量數(shù)據(jù)采用重復(fù)測量方差分析。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 大鼠胸腔積液量檢測
建模及干預(yù)期間均未出現(xiàn)大鼠死亡,且50只建模大鼠均建模成功,MC、PC、HD、MD、LD各10只。大鼠胸腔積液量組間比較、時間點比較及交互作用差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05),提示大鼠胸腔積液量與時間和給藥劑量有關(guān)。進一步兩兩比較,組內(nèi)比較:MC、PC、HD、MD和LD第4、8天大鼠胸腔積液量均高于第1天,第8天均高于第4天;組間比較:第1天MC高于NC,第4、8天MC均高于NC,PC、HD、MD、LD均低于MC,HD低于PC,LD高于PC,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。見表1。
[8]? 李慧,嚴(yán)時,劉巖,等.晚期NSCLC患者惡性胸腔積液中上清和細(xì)胞沉淀EGFR基因突變狀態(tài)的比較[J].國際腫瘤學(xué)雜志,2018,45(1):10-15.
[9]? Ferreiro L,Toubes ME,San José ME,et al. Advances in pleural effusion diagnostics [J]. Expert Rev Respir Med,2020,14(1):51-66.
[10]? 李枋霏,王維,張仲妍,等.葶藶大棗瀉肺湯輔助化療治療肺癌惡性胸腔積液臨床研究[J].國際中醫(yī)中藥雜志,2018,40(3):214-217.
[11]? Congcong Q,Hengting Z,Shuhui L,et al. Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety for Lentinan in the Control of the Malignant Pleural Effusions via Intrapleural Injection [J]. Am J Med Sci,2019,358(6):400-411.
[12]? 畢蘭青,朱凡,張勤英,等.紫杉醇腹腔灌注和靜脈滴注雙途徑給藥模式二線治療胃癌伴惡性腹腔積液的效果[J].中國醫(yī)藥,2018,13(1):92-95.
[13]? 李俊嬌,葛信國.葛信國教授運用扶正逐飲法治療肺癌惡性胸腔積液經(jīng)驗[J].中國中醫(yī)急癥,2018,27(1):159-161.
[14]? 李政,王巍,李康.葶藶甘遂逐水飲聯(lián)合胸腔內(nèi)灌注化療治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌伴惡性胸水臨床療效分析[J].遼寧中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報,2016,18(1):198-200.
[15]? Dai B,Xiao Z,Mao B,et al. lncRNA AWPPH promotes the migration and invasion of glioma cells by activating the TGF-β pathway [J]. Oncol Lett,2019,18(6):5923-5929.
[16]? 呂大倫,徐姝娟,陳雷,等.人促紅細(xì)胞生成素對大鼠急性創(chuàng)面轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β1/Smad3信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的影響[J].中華燒傷雜志,2018,34(10):719-726.
[17]? Wu DW,Chang WA,Liu KT,et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and protein level in pleural effusion for differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusion [J]. Oncol Lett,2017,14(3):3657-3662.
[18]? Hojski A,Leitgeb M,Crnjac A. Release of growth factors after mechanical and chemical pleurodesis for treatment of malignant pleural effusion: a randomized control study [J]. Radiol Oncol,2015,49(4):386-394.
[19]? Liu M,Liu Q,Pei Y,et al. Aqp-1 Gene Knockout Attenuates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension of Mice [J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2019,39(1):48-62.
[20]? 楊格強,祝艷妮.沉默AQP-1對PDGF誘導(dǎo)的視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮細(xì)胞增殖遷移的影響研究[J].臨床和實驗醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2018,17(20):2169-2173.
[21]? Zhang JX,Xie CM,Zhu ZW,et al. Potential role of AQP1 and VEGF in the development of malignant pleural effusion in mice [J]. Med Oncol,2012,29(2):656-662.
(收稿日期:2020-01-10)