4.0的患者。 結(jié)論 LMR作為血常規(guī)簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算結(jié)果,是接受"/>
廖中廷 李娟 蘭霞
[摘要] 目的 探討外周血淋巴細(xì)胞/單核細(xì)胞比值(LMR)對(duì)多發(fā)性骨髓瘤(MM)預(yù)后判斷的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 方法 系統(tǒng)性回顧100例2013年1月—2019年1月于四川省資陽(yáng)市人民醫(yī)院接受新藥蛋白酶體抑制劑和/或免疫調(diào)節(jié)藥物治療的MM患者的總生存期,用受試者工作特性曲線(ROC)等指標(biāo)評(píng)估LMR對(duì)預(yù)后的影響。 結(jié)果 ROC曲線下面積為0.612,對(duì)應(yīng)的最佳診斷閾值為4.0,即LMR≤4.0的MM患者的總生存期短于LMR>4.0的患者。 結(jié)論 LMR作為血常規(guī)簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算結(jié)果,是接受新藥治療的MM患者臨床預(yù)后的一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單、經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 淋巴細(xì)胞/單核細(xì)胞比值;多發(fā)性骨髓瘤;受試者工作特性曲線;預(yù)后價(jià)值
[中圖分類號(hào)] R733.3 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)08(b)-0082-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the prognostic value of the peripheral blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) on multiple myeloma (MM). Methods The overall survival of 100 MM patients who received new proteasome inhibitors and/or immunomodulatory drugs from January 2013 to January 2019 in the People′s Hospital of Ziyang, Sichuan Province was systematically reviewed, and the effect of LMR on prognosis was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and other indicators. Results The area under the ROC curve was 0.612 and the corresponding optimal diagnostic threshold was 4.0, that was, the total survival time of MM patients with LMR≤4.0 was shorter than that of patients with LMR>4.0. Conclusion LMR is a simple and economic indicator calculated by blood routine test results and provides a method to predict clinical outcomes in patients with MM who were treated with new agents.
[Key words] Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; Multiple myeloma; Receiver operating characteristic curve; Prognostic value
多發(fā)性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是一種B細(xì)胞惡性腫瘤,以分泌單克隆免疫球蛋白的漿細(xì)胞異常增殖為主要表現(xiàn),在所有血液系統(tǒng)惡性疾病中約占10%,在每年所有癌癥的死亡中占0.9%[1-2]。MM的新近治療一般是蛋白酶體抑制劑和/或免疫調(diào)節(jié)藥物治療結(jié)合自體干細(xì)胞移植(autologous stem celltransplantation,ASCT),隨著新藥的廣泛應(yīng)用,治療方案的多樣化,MM患者的緩解程度及緩解持續(xù)時(shí)間效果越來越顯著,但大部分病例仍無(wú)法治愈[3-4]。MM無(wú)論是在生物學(xué)行為還是臨床表現(xiàn)上都具有十分明顯的異質(zhì)性,建議進(jìn)行預(yù)后分層。新修訂的國(guó)際分期系統(tǒng)(revised-international staging system,R-ISS)包括一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)指標(biāo)可作為MM治療有效的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo),其中細(xì)胞遺傳學(xué)和乳酸脫氫酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)在ISS分期系統(tǒng)中被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)立的預(yù)后因子[5-6]。淋巴細(xì)胞與單核細(xì)胞比值(lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio,LMR)是炎癥反應(yīng)的指標(biāo),已被廣泛應(yīng)用于預(yù)測(cè)惡性腫瘤的生物學(xué)行為,如結(jié)直腸癌[7-8]、非小細(xì)胞肺癌[9-10]、胃癌[11-12]及血液系統(tǒng)疾病等[13-16]。Dosani等[17]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)LMR是MM的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素。但有關(guān)LMR和MM預(yù)后關(guān)系的研究十分有限,尤其是預(yù)后價(jià)值的具體評(píng)估、cut-off值的確立等深入研究更為少見,本研究旨在探討外周血LMR對(duì)MM的預(yù)后價(jià)值,為MM療效評(píng)估提供一種新的補(bǔ)充和驗(yàn)證的便捷指標(biāo)。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
回顧性收集和分析100例2013年1月—2019年1月于四川省資陽(yáng)市人民醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)就診的新診斷為MM患者的基本數(shù)據(jù),MM的確診依據(jù)2014年國(guó)際骨髓瘤工作組(IMWG)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[18]。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):全部患者均符合《中國(guó)多發(fā)性骨髓瘤診治指南(2017年修訂)》[19]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):反應(yīng)性漿細(xì)胞增多、原發(fā)性巨球蛋白血癥及轉(zhuǎn)移性癌的溶骨性病變以及其他可以出現(xiàn)M蛋白的疾病??偵嫫冢╫verall survival,OS)是指從隨機(jī)化開始至因任何原因引起死亡的時(shí)間(失訪患者為最后1次隨訪時(shí)間;研究結(jié)束時(shí)仍然存活患者,為隨訪結(jié)束日)。在此期間,隨訪內(nèi)容包括病史回顧和實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查,患者的基本數(shù)據(jù)包括:年齡、性別等基本信息;血常規(guī)(包括血紅蛋白檢測(cè)、血淋巴細(xì)胞和單核細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)結(jié)果等)和生化指標(biāo)(包括血清白蛋白、乳酸脫氫酶、肌酐和鈣等)。本研究通過了我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)室與儀器
所有新診MM患者接受蛋白酶體抑制劑和/或免疫調(diào)節(jié)藥物治療,采集EDTA抗凝靜脈血檢測(cè)血常規(guī)和不含添加劑的普通紅頭管檢測(cè)生化指標(biāo);血常規(guī)所使用儀器為SYSMEX XE-2100全自動(dòng)五分類血液分析儀,生化項(xiàng)目所使用的儀器為Beckman-Olympus AU5400生化分析儀,并使用該儀器參加通過原衛(wèi)生部及四川省的室間質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),能確保檢測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性、可比性及重復(fù)性。根據(jù)IMWG建議,可使用包括(gain)1q21、t(4∶14)和(del)17p等幾種分子生物學(xué)異常來對(duì)MM患者進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)度分層[18]。所有患者血常規(guī)檢測(cè)后,得到淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)絕對(duì)值、單核細(xì)胞絕對(duì)值,通過二者比例計(jì)算LMR。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。用Kaplan-Meier曲線分析評(píng)估患者的生存率,并使用對(duì)數(shù)秩檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行比較。計(jì)數(shù)資料用例數(shù)百分率表示,組間差異比較用χ2檢驗(yàn);根據(jù)LMR繪制受試者工作曲線(ROC),確定cut-off值。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 MM患者一般資料與LMR的關(guān)系
本研究納入MM患者共100例,根據(jù)ROC確定的最佳cut-off值和將患者分為L(zhǎng)MR≤4.0組和LMR >4.0組。血清乳酸脫氫酶、血清肌酐、血清鈣、血清β2-微球蛋白、是否復(fù)發(fā)在LMR≤4.0患者和LMR>4.0的患者中差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)?;颊叩囊话阗Y料和實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果見表1。
2.2 LMR預(yù)測(cè)MM的診斷價(jià)值
運(yùn)用ROC曲線分析本研究LMR的cut-off值,其最佳cut-off值為4.0,此時(shí)AUC為0.612,95%CI:0.533~0.674。見圖1。
2.3 LMR對(duì)MM患者預(yù)后的影響
對(duì)所有患者進(jìn)行隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間6~70個(gè)月,中位數(shù)為40個(gè)月。繪制Kaplan-Meier曲線,結(jié)果顯示LMR≤4.0患者的總生存期(OS)和無(wú)進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)明顯短于LMR>4.0的患者。見圖2A~B。
3 討論
隨著新的治療方案和手段的改進(jìn),MM的治療有了很大的進(jìn)步,但目前在很大程度上無(wú)法治愈,患者經(jīng)過短暫的緩解期后仍會(huì)復(fù)發(fā)[17]。未定性的單克隆丙種球蛋白病的發(fā)生,一部分是通過免疫性腫瘤逃避機(jī)制;另一部分則是骨髓的微環(huán)境可以支持骨髓瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)和存活,并影響它們的侵襲性和耐藥性[20-21]。淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)絕對(duì)值是宿主抗腫瘤免疫的標(biāo)志物,在血液學(xué)和實(shí)體惡性腫瘤學(xué)中得到廣泛研究[22];有研究表明,外周血單核細(xì)胞和中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)以及與淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)的比值升高可能是免疫抑制細(xì)胞亞群(如骨髓來源的抑制細(xì)胞)的代償物,而免疫抑制細(xì)胞亞群在包括MM在內(nèi)的多種癌癥中預(yù)后更差[23]。最近研究報(bào)道,LMR<3.6可作為MM患者的一個(gè)無(wú)進(jìn)展生存期預(yù)后不良因子[24]。因此,LMR有可能成為反映MM患者免疫狀態(tài)的新指標(biāo),盡管是一個(gè)相對(duì)粗略的指標(biāo),但因其簡(jiǎn)單易得,可能為臨床提供MM的療效評(píng)估和健康指導(dǎo)。
本研究基于以上研究現(xiàn)狀回顧性分析了新診斷的且接受蛋白酶體抑制劑治療和/或基于免疫調(diào)節(jié)藥物的化學(xué)療法100例MM患者的LMR與預(yù)后情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)LMR作為潛在預(yù)測(cè)MM新藥治療的因子,其AUC為0.612(95%CI:0.533~0.674),此時(shí)cut-off取值為4.0,LMR≤4.0的患者與LMR>4.0患者比較,其血清乳酸脫氫酶水平升高,肌酐升高,鈣升高和β2-微球蛋白升高,復(fù)發(fā)率更高;而LMR≤4.0患者的OS和PFS明顯低于LMR>4.0的患者,以上結(jié)果提示LMR是OS和PFS的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子。而本研究中,LMR≤4.0的患者與LMR>4.0患者比較,(gain)1q21、t(4∶14)、(del)17p差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。已有文獻(xiàn)顯示,當(dāng)LMR的cut-off值為3.6時(shí),LMR可獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)t(4∶14)和(del)17p[17]。這種研究結(jié)果的差異有可能與研究人群的差異有關(guān),另外也有可能和不同的cut-off值有關(guān),后期需要擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。由于LMR經(jīng)濟(jì)易得,可為MM的預(yù)后評(píng)估提供新的證據(jù)和思路。
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(收稿日期:2020-03-10)