劉本龍
1. approach vt. & vi. 接近;靠近;走近 n. 接近;方法;途徑
【經(jīng)典例句】
The time is approaching when we must be on board. 我們上船的時(shí)間快到了。
As summer approached, the weather became hotter and hotter. 隨著夏天的臨近,天氣越來(lái)越熱了。
We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information. 我們將探索收集信息的不同方法。
【思維拓展】
approach sb. / sth. 靠近/接近某人或某事物;approach sb. for / about sth. 關(guān)于某事與某人商量/交涉;approach to 接近,近似;at the approach of 在……快到的時(shí)候;an approach to 做某事的方法、方式;去某地的路徑;make approaches to sb. 與某人打交道;make an approach to... 設(shè)法接近……;be approaching 快到的時(shí)候
【易混辨析】
approach, method, way與means的區(qū)別:
approach指待人接物或思考問(wèn)題的方式、方法、態(tài)度;
method指有條理的、系統(tǒng)的辦法,特別指新的辦法;
way的使用范圍很廣,但較多地用在具體的事情上或口語(yǔ)中;
means指實(shí)現(xiàn)目的的任何手段,或使用某種交通工具的方式。
搭配如下:approach to (doing) sth.;method+of (doing) sth.,前面接with;way+to do / of doing,前面接in;by means of (doing) sth.。
2. likely adj. 可能的 adv. 很可能;或許
【經(jīng)典例句】
That means the price is likely to go down because of the competition. 那意味著價(jià)格有可能因?yàn)楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)而下降。
You will be likely to get there before 8 o'clock. ?你很有可能在8點(diǎn)鐘之前趕到那里。
I'm hardly likely to finish it within a week. 我不可能在一周內(nèi)把它干完。
【思維拓展】
It is likely that sb. ...=sb. is likely to do... 某人可能做某事;not likely 絕不可能;絕對(duì)不會(huì)
【易混辨析】
possible, likely與probable的區(qū)別:
possible, likely與probable這三個(gè)詞都可表示“可能的”,實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性依次遞增。
possible常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu):it's possible for sb. to do sth.; it's possible + that 從句; if possible。注意:possible的主語(yǔ)不能是人;
likely常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu):sb. / sth. is likely to do sth.; It's likely that從句。注意:likely的主語(yǔ)可以是人也可以是物,但幾乎不說(shuō):it's likely to do sth.;
probable 常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu):it's probable + that 從句。注意:probable 的主語(yǔ)不能是人,英語(yǔ)中幾乎不說(shuō):it's probable to do sth.。
3. curious adj. 好奇的
【經(jīng)典例句】
The boy was curious about everything he saw. 那男孩對(duì)所見(jiàn)的一切都感到好奇。
The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case. 那個(gè)記者很想知道此案是否牽連那位官員。
She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing. 令人感到驚奇的是,她并不害怕,而且似乎對(duì)他正在做的事情很好奇。
【思維拓展】
be curious to do sth. 急于做某事,極想做某事;be curious about 對(duì)……感到好奇;from / out of curiosity 出于好奇;meet / satisfy one's curiosity 滿足某人的好奇心;with curiosity=curiously好奇地
4. represent vt. 代表;象征;申明
【經(jīng)典例句】
As we all know, X represents the unknown. 我們知道,X代表未知數(shù)。
The carvings represent a hunting scene. 這些雕刻作品描繪了一幅狩獵的場(chǎng)面。
He represented our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him. 他代表我們學(xué)校參加競(jìng)賽,我們?yōu)樗械阶院馈?/p>
【思維拓展】
representation n. 表現(xiàn);描述;描繪;表現(xiàn)形式;representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的,有代表性的;make representations to... 與……交涉;向……提出抗議;represent... as... 把……描繪成……;represent oneself as / to be... 自稱(chēng)是……;represent sth. to sb. 向某人說(shuō)明某事
【易混辨析】
represent, on behalf of與stand for的區(qū)別:
represent用來(lái)表示“代表某人、某個(gè)團(tuán)體、政府等;某種標(biāo)志代表什么;某物(書(shū)、雕塑等)表現(xiàn)的是什么”和“把某人(物)描繪成什么”;
on behalf of只能用作狀語(yǔ),表示“代表某人”;
stand for往往用來(lái)表示字母、數(shù)字、符號(hào)等“代表、象征什么”。
【溫馨提示】
represent作“說(shuō)明,使明白”和“傳達(dá),表達(dá)”講時(shí),不能直接跟人作賓語(yǔ),常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:represent sth. to sb.或represent to sb. sth.。類(lèi)似的單詞還有explain, guarantee, relate等。
5. defend... against 防御;保衛(wèi)……以免受
【經(jīng)典例句】
He had to defend himself against their charges. 他必須反對(duì)他們的指控為自己辯解。
They needed more troops to defend the border against possible attack. 他們需要更多的部隊(duì)來(lái)保衛(wèi)邊境地區(qū)免受可能的攻擊。
All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我們所有的警察都接受過(guò)自衛(wèi)訓(xùn)練,能夠?qū)Ω冻值兑u擊。
【思維拓展】
defence n. 防御;保衛(wèi);defender n. 保護(hù)人;防守隊(duì)員;defenceless adj. 無(wú)自衛(wèi)能力的,不設(shè)防的;defensive adj. 保護(hù)性的;(心理上)處于守勢(shì)的;defend oneself 自衛(wèi);defend... with... 用……保護(hù)……;defend sb. / sth. from / against... 保護(hù)某人/某物免受……傷害;come to sb.'s defence 幫助(保護(hù))某人;in defence of 保衛(wèi)……;為……辯護(hù);set up defence 設(shè)防;say in one's defence 為某人辯護(hù)
【易混辨析】
defend, protect, guard與preserve的區(qū)別:
這四個(gè)詞都有“使安全或保持安全狀態(tài)不遭受危險(xiǎn)、攻擊或傷害”的意思,但它們之間還有些差異。
defend含有“采取措施抵制進(jìn)攻”的意思;
protect常含有“提供安全的方式來(lái)驅(qū)開(kāi)不適、傷害或進(jìn)攻”的意思;
guard含有“看守”的意思;
preserve含有“采取措施維護(hù)……的安全”的意思。
6. at ease 舒適;快活;自由自在
【經(jīng)典例句】
Nurses do all they can to make patients feel at ease. 護(hù)士盡力使病人心情放松。
Try to put the candidate at ease by being friendly and informal. 盡量友好隨便點(diǎn),使求職者感到無(wú)拘無(wú)束。
When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease. 當(dāng)你感到緊張時(shí),你最好聽(tīng)些輕音樂(lè)使自己放松一下。
He didn't feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings. 他在那個(gè)生疏的環(huán)境中感到不那么自在。
【思維拓展】
with ease 容易地;不費(fèi)勁地;put / set sb. at ease 使某人感到放松/輕松自在;take one's ease 休息;輕松一下;ill at ease 不自在;不自然;stand at ease 稍息;be / feel at ease 感到放松;自在;look at ease 看上去心情放松;ease one's mind 使某人安心;ease off / up 緩和;減緩;ease sb. of sth. 使某人減輕(重負(fù)、痛苦等)
【易混辨析】
at ease與with ease的區(qū)別:
at ease的意思是“安逸地,自在地”,其反義短語(yǔ)為ill at ease;
with ease的意思是“輕松地,容易地”。
就使用場(chǎng)合而言,at ease既可作表語(yǔ),亦可作狀語(yǔ);with ease只能用作狀語(yǔ)。
7. put up 舉起;升起;張?zhí)?搭建;留宿
【經(jīng)典例句】
Put up your hand if you have any questions. 有問(wèn)題請(qǐng)舉手。
Many high buildings have been put up there. 那里建起了許多高樓。
They'll put up at a hotel for the night. 他們將在旅館住一夜。
【思維拓展】
put aside 將……放在一邊;put away 收拾起來(lái);儲(chǔ)蓄;put down 記下;放下;鎮(zhèn)壓;平息;put forward 提出;撥快(鐘等);put... in / into prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄;put... into practise 將……付諸實(shí)施;put off 延期,推遲;put on 穿上;上演;put one's heart into sth. 用全部精力去做某事;put out 撲滅;出版;熄滅;put up with 忍受
8. turn one's back to 拒絕,背對(duì)
【經(jīng)典例句】
We shouldn't turn our back on her when she is in trouble. 當(dāng)她陷入困境時(shí),我們不應(yīng)該拒絕幫她。
He decided to turn his back to his annoying sister. 他決定不理睬他那令人厭煩的妹妹。
Rudely, he turned his back to me and refused to say the further. 他很不禮貌地把背對(duì)著我,不愿繼續(xù)說(shuō)下去。
【思維拓展】
turn against 背叛;反抗,使對(duì)抗;turn around 轉(zhuǎn)向;回轉(zhuǎn);turn away 走開(kāi),離開(kāi);解雇;turn down 調(diào)?。ㄒ袅浚?拒絕;摒斥(提議、建議、提建議的人等);turn into 使成為;使變成;翻譯成;turn on 開(kāi)(電燈、收音機(jī)、自來(lái)水);turn out 結(jié)果是;證明是;生產(chǎn)(產(chǎn)品);turn off 解雇;關(guān)掉(電燈、收音機(jī)、自來(lái)水);turn over 反復(fù)考慮;倒轉(zhuǎn);turn sb. in 把某人交給警察;turn sth. in 上繳,繳回;交出;turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向;變成;求助;turn up 找到,發(fā)現(xiàn);出現(xiàn),來(lái)到;調(diào)大(音量)