王宏宇 王淑萍 賈永明 劉得水 陳剛
【摘要】 目的:探討姜黃素對受阿霉素神經(jīng)毒性損害的S16細(xì)胞(大鼠施萬細(xì)胞)的保護(hù)作用,并分析其作用的分子機(jī)制。方法:以正常培養(yǎng)的S16細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基作為對照組,以400 ng/mL阿霉素刺激S16細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基作為阿霉素組,阿霉素組中含100 μg/mL姜黃素的培養(yǎng)基作為姜黃素組。采用噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)實驗與Western Blot測定并比較三組S16細(xì)胞增殖情況與Caspase-8凋亡蛋白相對含量;利用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實驗(ELISA)測定并比較三組NF-κB、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)與超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)表達(dá)量。結(jié)果:阿霉素組OD值為(0.82±0.21),比對照組的(1.84±0.16)降低(t=13.33,P<0.01);姜黃素組OD值為(1.19±0.14),比阿霉素組升高(t=5.08,P<0.01)。阿霉素組Caspase-8凋亡蛋白相對含量為(37.14±0.02),比對照組的(8.93±0.04)升高(t=1 524.54,P<0.01);姜黃素組Caspase-8凋亡蛋白相對含量為(24.62±0.07),比阿霉素組降低(t=504.17,P<0.01),姜黃素組NF-κB與SOD含量均高于阿霉素組(t=184.54、52.36,P<0.01),姜黃素組TNF-α含量低于阿霉素組(t=64.49,P<0.01)。結(jié)論:姜黃素通過NF-κB信號通路保護(hù)受阿霉素神經(jīng)毒性損害的S16細(xì)胞。姜黃素與阿霉素聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可以降低阿霉素產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)毒性副作用,是比較有前途的腫瘤化療抗副作用藥物。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 姜黃素 S16細(xì)胞 阿霉素 NF-κB信號通路
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Curcumin on S16 cells (Schwann cells in rats) damaged by Adriamycin neurotoxicity, and to analyze its molecular mechanism. Method: The normal S16 cell culture medium was used as the control group, 400 ng/mL Adriamycin stimulated S16 cell culture medium was used as the Adriamycin group, and the 100 μg/mL Curcumin medium in the Adriamycin group was used as the Curcumin group. The proliferation of S16 cells and the relative content of caspase-8 apoptosis protein among three groups were measured and compared by Thiazoline-blue (MTT) experiment and Western blot. The expression of NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) among three groups were measured and compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: The OD value of the Adriamycin group was (0.82±0.21), it was lower than (1.84±0.16) of the control group (t=13.33, P<0.01). The OD value of the Curcumin group was (1.19±0.14), it was higher than that of the Adriamycin group (t=5.08, P<0.01). The relative content of the Caspase-8 apoptosis protein in the Adriamycin group was (37.14±0.02), it was higher than (8.93±0.04) in the control group?(t=1 524.54, P<0.01). The relative content of Caspase-8 apoptosis protein in the Curcumin group was (24.62±0.07), it was lower than that in the Adriamycin group (t=504.17, P<0.01). The content of NF-κB and SOD in the Curcumin group were higher than those in the Adriamycin group (t=184.54, 52.36, P<0.01). The content of TNF-α in the Curcumin group was lower than that in the Adriamycin group (t=64.49, P<0.01). Conclusion: Curcumin protects S16 cell damaged by Adriamycin neurotoxicity through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Curcumin combined with Doxorubicin can reduce the neurotoxic side effects of Doxorubicin and is a promising anti-side effect drug for tumor chemotherapy.
姜黃類植物中提取的姜黃素屬于低毒而多效的多酚類小分子化合物,具有較好的抗炎、抗氧化、清除氧自由基等藥理作用;能夠?qū)苟喾N腫瘤,對神經(jīng)精神系統(tǒng)疾病具有較好的保護(hù)作用,具有抑制阿霉素產(chǎn)生氧自由基的理論作用[5]。
本實驗為了研究姜黃素對阿霉素產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)纖維脫髓鞘的抑制作用,以大鼠S16施旺細(xì)胞為研究對象,分為對照組、阿霉素組及姜黃素組。利用MTT實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),阿霉素組OD值為(0.82±0.21),比對照組的(1.84±0.16)降低(t=13.33,P<0.01),說明S16細(xì)胞在阿霉素的作用下其增殖能力顯著降低,這可能是由于阿霉素對細(xì)胞具有較強(qiáng)的毒性作用。Bober等[10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)阿霉素會產(chǎn)生阿霉素半醌自由基,并將其電子進(jìn)一步傳遞給氧,在下游生產(chǎn)超氧陰離子和過氧化氫,這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)再經(jīng)過鐵離子催化產(chǎn)生羥自由基,自由基的高表達(dá)會阻斷細(xì)胞內(nèi)能量代謝、物質(zhì)代謝過程。2017年,Huun等[11]研究阿霉素的毒性作用發(fā)現(xiàn),阿霉素會增加氧自由基生成而損傷細(xì)胞內(nèi)的呼吸鏈酶系統(tǒng)、線粒體呼吸鏈傳遞系統(tǒng),加重線粒體損傷,能量減少則會抑制細(xì)胞有絲分裂、細(xì)胞周期延長等細(xì)胞增殖降低的表現(xiàn)。
為了驗證阿霉素對S16細(xì)胞凋亡的作用,Western Blot實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),阿霉素組Caspase-8凋亡蛋白相對含量比對照組升高(t=1 524.54,P<0.01)。說明阿霉素組Caspase-8凋亡蛋白明顯高表達(dá),與Huun等[11]研究結(jié)果相一致,即阿霉素誘發(fā)產(chǎn)生大量氧自由基、導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞能量減少會加重細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)凋亡、壞死等現(xiàn)象[11]。在阿霉素組中添加了姜黃素后,姜黃素組Caspase-8凋亡蛋白相對含量比阿霉素組降低(t=504.17,P<0.01),Anand等[12]認(rèn)為姜黃素對NF-κB、STAT3、HIF-1、MMPs、iNOS、ATP酶等多種蛋白酶具有分子靶點,并能夠激活轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)、肝細(xì)胞生長因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)、神經(jīng)生長因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)、血小板生長因子(platelet growth factor,PDGF)等多種蛋白激酶。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),以上激酶對細(xì)胞的生長、增殖等保護(hù)作用非常重要,并發(fā)現(xiàn)姜黃素能夠調(diào)控NF-κB信號通路,有效對抗神經(jīng)炎癥和氧化應(yīng)激的作用,減少神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡,與本研究結(jié)果一致[5]。
大量體外和體內(nèi)實驗表明,姜黃素可以抑制細(xì)胞內(nèi)生成TNF-α[13]。神經(jīng)組織中TNF-α持續(xù)高水平表達(dá),會導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元的興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)谷氨酸持續(xù)性釋放而引起興奮性神經(jīng)毒性,神經(jīng)元內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)被破壞和突觸間信號傳遞障礙[14]。TNF-α還會通過激活p38-MAPK信號通路增加神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)5-HT的再攝取,導(dǎo)致5-HT在突觸間隙含量下降[15],因此推測,TNF-α對阿霉素產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)脫髓鞘等嚴(yán)重副作用具有比較重要意義,本實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)姜黃素組TNF-α含量低于阿霉素組(P<0.05)。姜黃素具有良好的保護(hù)S16細(xì)胞作用,可能也是通過抑制TNF-α的生成而發(fā)揮作用的,但是也不排除姜黃素通過其他分子機(jī)制發(fā)揮作用。
綜上所述,姜黃素通過NF-κB通路保護(hù)受阿霉素神經(jīng)毒性損害的S16細(xì)胞。姜黃素與阿霉素聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可以降低阿霉素產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)毒性副作用,是比較有前途的腫瘤化療抗副作用藥物。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Tang Q,Wang Y,Ma L,et al.Peiminine serves as an adriamycin chemosensitizer in gastric cancer by modulating the EGFR/FAK pathway[J].Oncology Reports,2018,39(3):1299-1305.
[2] Luo P,Zhu Y,Chen M,et al.HMGB1 contributes to adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity via up-regulating autophagy[J].Toxicology Letters,2018,292:115-122.
[3] Hoshi R,Watanabe Y,Ishizuka Y,et al.Depletion of TFAP2E attenuates adriamycin-mediated apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells[J].Oncology Reports,2017,37(4):2459-2464.
[4] Doggui S,Belkacemi A,Paka G D,et al.Curcumin protects neuronal-like cells against acrolein by restoring Akt and redox signaling pathways[J].Mol Nutr Food Res,2013,57(9):1660-1670.
[5] Dai C,Ciccotosto G D,Cappai R,et al.Curcumin Attenuates Colistin-Induced Neurotoxicity in N2a Cells via Anti-inflammatory Activity,Suppression of Oxidative Stress,and Apoptosis[J].Mol Neurobiol,2018,55(1):421-434
[6]陳小雨,高飛,錢永常.姜黃素在腫瘤治療中的應(yīng)用機(jī)制[J].臨床合理用藥雜志,2019,12(9):181-182.
[7] Klippstein R,Bansal S S,Al-Jamal K T.Doxorubicin enhances curcumins cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells in vitro by enhancing its cellular uptake[J].Int J Pharm,2016,514(1),169-175.
[8] Savitz J,Harrison N A.Interoception and Inflammation in Psychiatric Disorders[J].Bmc Cell Biology,2018,3(6):514-524
[9] Liu X,Cao W,Qi J,et al.Leonurine ameliorates adriamycin-induced podocyte injury via suppression of oxidative stress[J].Free Radic Res,2018,52(9):952-960.
[10] Bober P,Alexovic M,Talian I,et al.Proteomic analysis of the vitamin C effect on the doxorubicin cytotoxicity in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line[J].J Cancer Res Clinical Oncology,2017,143(1):35-42.
[11] Huun J,Gansmo L B,Manns?ker B,et al.Impact of the MDM2 splice-variants MDM2-A,MDM2-B and MDM2-C on cytotoxic stress response in breast cancer cells[J].Bmc Cell Biology,2017,18(1):17.
[12] Anand P,Sundaram C,Jhurani S,et al.Curcumin and cancer:an“old-age”disease with an“age-old”solution[J].Cancer Lett,2008,267(1):133-164.
[13] Sahebkar A,Cicero A F,Simental-Mendia L E,et al.Curcumin downregulates human tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels:A systematic review and meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trials[J].Pharmacol Res,2016,107:234-242.
[14] K?hler C A,F(xiàn)reitas T H,Maes M,et al.Peripheral cytokine and chemokine alterations in depression:a meta-analysis of 82 studies[J].Acta Psychiat Scand,2017,135(5):373-387.
[15] Jiao J T,Sun J,Ma J F,et al.Relationship between inflammatory cytokines and risk of depression,and effect of depression on the prognosis of high grade glioma patients[J].J Neurooncol,2017,124(3):475-484.
(收稿日期:2019-12-04) (本文編輯:田婧)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2020年21期