陳坡

◎文體概述

發(fā)言稿是參加會(huì)議者為了在會(huì)議或重要活動(dòng)上表達(dá)自己的意見(jiàn)、看法或匯報(bào)思想、工作情況而事先準(zhǔn)備好的文稿。

發(fā)言稿的格式一般由三部分構(gòu)成：

1. 稱(chēng)呼。頂格書(shū)寫(xiě)，常用的稱(chēng)呼有Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss...、Dear Sir/Madam、Ladies and gentlemen等。

2. 正文。

3. 結(jié)束語(yǔ)。常用“Thank you for listening！”。

發(fā)言稿的寫(xiě)作要注意以下三點(diǎn)：

1. 明確演講的對(duì)象很重要，針對(duì)不同的聽(tīng)眾，發(fā)言的內(nèi)容不同;

2. 發(fā)言稿中的觀點(diǎn)要明確;

3. 發(fā)言稿的語(yǔ)言要通俗易懂、層次清晰、邏輯性強(qiáng)。

◎經(jīng)典句型

I am glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation. Today I shall be talking about...很高興有機(jī)會(huì)在此演講，今天我演講的內(nèi)容是……

Thank you from the bottom of my heart for giving me this chance to speak to you today. 我從心底感謝你們今天給我這次演講機(jī)會(huì)。

I am going to be speaking about something that is very important to all of us. 今天我要演講的內(nèi)容對(duì)我們所有人都很重要。

It's a great honor for me to make a speech on... 我很榮幸就……進(jìn)行演講。

Thank you for giving me the opportunity to make a speech here. 感謝大家給我機(jī)會(huì)在此演講。

The topic of my speech is... 我演講的主題是……

I will divide this topic into three main aspects. 我將分三個(gè)主要方面討論這個(gè)話題。

I would like to focus/concentrate on the problem of... 我想把重點(diǎn)集中在……問(wèn)題上。

I hope this can give you some ideas of... 關(guān)于……我希望能給大家一些思路。

We all ought to be aware of the following points... The most important point is... 我們都應(yīng)該意識(shí)到以下幾點(diǎn)內(nèi)容……最重要的一點(diǎn)是……

Let me conclude my speech with the following comments.請(qǐng)讓我用下面的幾句話總結(jié)我的演講。

I hope I have made myself understood. Thank you for your listening. 希望我所說(shuō)的大家都聽(tīng)明白了。感謝大家的聆聽(tīng)。

◎經(jīng)典考題

（2016·天津卷）假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)的學(xué)生會(huì)主席李津。一批來(lái)自英國(guó)的高中生與你校學(xué)生開(kāi)展了為期兩周的交流活動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在，他們即將回國(guó)，你將在歡送會(huì)上致辭。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿。

（1）回顧雙方的交流活動(dòng)（如學(xué)習(xí)、生活、體育、文藝等方面）;

（2）談?wù)勈斋@或感想;

（3）表達(dá)祝愿與期望。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)不少于100;

（2）可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，使內(nèi)容充實(shí)、行文連貫;

（3）開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear friends，

How time flies！

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Thank you.

【試題解讀】

1. 審題立意

分析所給提示信息可知，本文是考查應(yīng)用文體裁中的發(fā)言稿。在謀篇布局方面常用三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)、正文和結(jié)束語(yǔ)三部分。

另外，根據(jù)所給的提示信息可以看出，本文的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主，人稱(chēng)則以第一和第二人稱(chēng)為主。

2. 寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)

⑴為期兩周的交流活動(dòng)即將結(jié)束;

⑵導(dǎo)入正題——代表所有學(xué)生在歡送會(huì)上致辭;

⑶回顧雙方的交流活動(dòng);

⑷談?wù)劥舜位顒?dòng)的收獲與感想;

⑸表達(dá)臨別后的祝愿與期望。

【佳作賞析1】

Dear friends，

How time flies！ Your visit to our school is drawing a close.① Please allow me to take this opportunity to bid your a fond farewell.②

During your stay with us， which lasted for two weeks， we communicated with each other so much that③ we developed deep friendship. We did so many activities together like learning the differences between China and Britain， playing basketball and games and so on. By this exchange activity， we have a deeper understanding of English culture.④ Besides， it's your enthusiasm and teamwork when you played basketball that give me a deep impression.⑤ At this farewell party， I will express my gratitude to all of you and I hope we can keep our friendship forever.

Looking forward to your coming to China again.⑥

Thank you.

亮點(diǎn)分析：全文中多數(shù)句子為簡(jiǎn)單句，但也不缺乏高級(jí)句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句和when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等。另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是全文使用了多個(gè)高級(jí)短語(yǔ)，如communicate with、have a deeper understanding of、express one's gratitude、keep one's friendship、look forward to等。

①使用短語(yǔ)draw a close表明這次交流活動(dòng)即將結(jié)束。

②短語(yǔ)allow sb to do sth和take this oppor-tunity to do sth，表明了作者在此演講的目的。

③so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)表示“如此……以至于……”，表明了作者與英國(guó)學(xué)生們友誼形成的過(guò)程和原因。

④句中have a deeper understanding of的使用，表達(dá)了作者對(duì)英國(guó)文化的理解程度，尤以deeper使用得更為恰當(dāng)。

⑤該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)enthusiasm和team-work，句中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

⑥該句表達(dá)了作者對(duì)這些英國(guó)學(xué)生的誠(chéng)摯邀請(qǐng)，且短語(yǔ)look forward to的使用表達(dá)了作者的期望。

【佳作賞析2】

Dear friends，

How time flies！ The two-week exchange activity is coming to a close①. As the chairman of the Students' Union， it's my honor to say something before you leave for England.②

During the two weeks， your friendliness and talents left us a deep impression.③ For one thing， you didn't hesitate to help us when we had difficulty learning English， which benefited us a lot④. For another⑤， when we played basketball after school， your wonderful performance and teamwork had a profound effect on us. It is by this activity that we have learned more about English culture.⑥ Much to our relief， you also love our Chinese culture and characters.

True friendship never ends. I hope we can keep in touch with each other. Welcome to China again.

Thank you.

亮點(diǎn)分析：本篇習(xí)作采用三段式的結(jié)構(gòu)布局，層次清晰、前后邏輯性較強(qiáng)。文中出現(xiàn)了高級(jí)句式，如定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句，成為文章一大亮點(diǎn);并且作者使用了多個(gè)高級(jí)短語(yǔ)，表明作者的詞匯量豐富。

①句中短語(yǔ)come to a close的使用準(zhǔn)確。

②該句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。

③使用了短語(yǔ)leave sb a deep impression，表明此次活動(dòng)對(duì)作者的影響。

④which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句為文章增色。

⑤for one thing和for another這組關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用增加了文章的條理性。

⑥強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的靈活使用成為文章的一大亮點(diǎn)。

◎小試牛刀

假定你是李華，你們學(xué)校準(zhǔn)備在下學(xué)期每天安排一節(jié)自習(xí)課。學(xué)校英語(yǔ)社團(tuán)就此在學(xué)生中做了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下調(diào)查結(jié)果用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿。

內(nèi)容包括：

1. 陳述調(diào)查結(jié)果;

2. 談?wù)勀銈€(gè)人的選擇及理由。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右;

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫;

3. 開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：自習(xí)課 a period for individual study

Good morning， everyone！ Recently a sur-vey has been done in our school about whether it is necessary to set aside a period in each school day for individual study.

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Thank you very much for your attention！