徐銀良 汪凱文 楊柳 陳德慶 陳燦 張祁
[摘要] 目的 研究分析老年髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者肢體功能和免疫功能受規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛的影響效果。方法 隨機(jī)選取2018年2月—2019年8月在該院骨科行人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后的患者72例為研究對(duì)象,并將單號(hào)病房患者作為對(duì)照組,雙號(hào)病房患者作為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,其中對(duì)照組36例患者接受靜脈麻醉與常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù)措施,實(shí)驗(yàn)組36例患者接受規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛干預(yù)措施,對(duì)比兩組患者Harris評(píng)分、并發(fā)癥、自理能力以、細(xì)胞免疫功能及免疫球蛋白水平情況。結(jié)果 實(shí)驗(yàn)組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率2.77%(1/36)低于對(duì)照組22.22%(8/36),組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=6.222,P=0.013);術(shù)后7 d,實(shí)驗(yàn)組自理功能評(píng)分(53.4±8.1)分明顯好于對(duì)照組(44.2±7.3)分,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.062,P<0.001);術(shù)后2 d相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組Harris評(píng)分(54.8±8.3)分好于對(duì)照組(45.1±9.2)分,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.697,P<0.001);術(shù)后7 d,實(shí)驗(yàn)組(68.6±12.5)分與對(duì)照組(56.2±12.2)分,兩組之間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.260,P<0.001)。術(shù)后2 d與7 d,兩組患者CD4+以及CD8+比值組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.368、6.263、0.338、3.559,P<0.05)。術(shù)后2 d對(duì)比中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者IgG與IgA水平明顯好于對(duì)照組,并且兩組患者IgG與IgA水平均小于手術(shù)前水平,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.785、8.598,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛能夠改善老年髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者免疫功能與肢體功能情況,降低患者并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,提升患者自理能力,具有較高的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練;硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛;髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù);肢體功能;免疫功能
[中圖分類號(hào)] R4? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2020)10(c)-0001-03
[Abstract] Objective To study and analyze the effects of standardized rehabilitation training combined with epidural analgesia on the limb function and immune function of elderly patients after hip replacement. Methods A total of 72 patients who underwent artificial hip arthroplasty in the hospital from February 2018 to August 2019 were randomly selected as the research objects, and patients in the single ward were selected as the control group. Patients in the double ward were used as the experimental group. Among them, 36 patients in the control group received intravenous anesthesia and routine nursing interventions, and 36 patients in the experimental group received standardized rehabilitation training combined with epidural analgesia interventions. The Harris scores, complications, self-care ability,ceu immunefunction and immunoglobulin levels were compared between the two groups. Results The complication rate of the experimental group was 2.77% (1/36) lower than that of the control group 22.22%(8/36), and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (χ2=6.222,P=0.013);7 d after the operation, the experimental group The score of self-care function (53.4±8.1)points was significantly better than that of the control group (44.2±7.3)points,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (t=5.062, P<0.001); compared with 2 d after surgery, the Harris score of the experimental group(54.8±8.3)points was better than that of the control group (45.1±9.2)points, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (t=4.697, P<0.001); 7 d after surgery, the Harris score of the experimental group(68.6±12.5)points was better than that of the control group (56.2±12.2)points, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (t=4.260, P<0.001). At 2 and 7 d after operation, there was a statistically significant difference in the CD4+ and CD8+ ratios between the two groups(t=3.368, 6.263,P<0.05). In the last 2 d At 2 d After operation of comparison, the levels of IgG and IgA in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group, and the levels of IgG and IgA in the two groups were lower than the levels before surgery. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (t=4.785,8.598,P<0.05). Conclusion Standardized rehabilitation training combined with epidural analgesia can improve the immune function and limb function of elderly patients after hip replacement, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the self-care ability of patients. It has high clinical application value.
[Key words] Standardized rehabilitation training; Epidural analgesia; Hip replacement surgery; Limb function; Immune function
人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)是臨床上常見的骨科手術(shù),因髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)所造成的創(chuàng)傷以及此病癥患者年齡過大等因素,會(huì)使髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者的肢體功能與免疫功能受到影響,如何改善與調(diào)節(jié)髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者肢體功能與免疫功能情況,使患者盡早恢復(fù),是現(xiàn)階段臨床研究者普遍關(guān)注的課題[1-2]。有關(guān)臨床研究證明,在髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)中應(yīng)用硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛方法,能夠減輕患者疼痛,使患者機(jī)體功能進(jìn)一步恢復(fù),提高患者免疫功能。為了進(jìn)一步分析老年髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者肢體功能和免疫功能受規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛的影響效果,隨機(jī)選取2018年2月—2019年8月在該院骨科行人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后的患者72例為研究對(duì)象,將研究過程與結(jié)果進(jìn)行以下分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1? 資料與方法
1.1? 一般資料
隨機(jī)選取在該院骨科行人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后的患者72例,并將單號(hào)病房患者作為對(duì)照組,雙號(hào)病房患者作為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,其中對(duì)照組36例患者,男19例,女17例;年齡64~83歲,平均年齡(73.54±3.41)歲。實(shí)驗(yàn)組36例患者,男20例,女16例;年齡65~84歲,平均年齡(74.56±3.68)歲。兩組一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2? 方法
1.2.1? 鎮(zhèn)痛方法? 患者接受福尼亞鎮(zhèn)痛泵方式,規(guī)格大小以100 mL為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),負(fù)荷計(jì)量速度控制在2 mL/h,單次應(yīng)用PCA量為0.5 mL,間隔控制在15 min左右,總應(yīng)用時(shí)長(zhǎng)為72 h。對(duì)照組患者接受靜脈鎮(zhèn)痛方式,藥物選用鹽酸瑞芬太尼0.8 mg(國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字 H20030198)+氟哌利多4 mg(國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H11020578),將其兌入0.9%氯化鈉注射液100 mL(國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20067537),以靜脈給藥的方式進(jìn)行鎮(zhèn)痛治療[3]。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者接受硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛,藥物選用鹽酸瑞芬太尼0.2 mg+羅哌卡因150 mg(國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20103636)+氟哌利多4 mg,將其兌入0.9%氯化鈉注射液100 mL[4]。
1.2.2? 康復(fù)訓(xùn)練方法? 實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者接受聯(lián)合硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛展開規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,其中主要包括手術(shù)后2 d醫(yī)護(hù)工作者要求患者的患側(cè)關(guān)節(jié)進(jìn)行活動(dòng)。對(duì)照組患者接受靜脈鎮(zhèn)痛實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),待患者清醒后,醫(yī)護(hù)工作者要求患者臥床靜養(yǎng)[5]。
1.3? 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2? 結(jié)果
2.1? 并發(fā)癥情況
實(shí)驗(yàn)組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率2.77%(1/36)低于對(duì)照組22.22%(8/36),組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=6.222,P=0.013)。
2.2? 自理能力情況
手術(shù)后7 d,實(shí)驗(yàn)組自理功能評(píng)分(53.4±8.1)分明顯好于對(duì)照組(44.2±7.3)分,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.062,P<0.001)。
2.3? Harris評(píng)分情況
手術(shù)后2 d相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組Harris評(píng)分(54.8±8.3)分高于對(duì)照組(45.1±9.2)分,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.697,P<0.001)。術(shù)后7 d,實(shí)驗(yàn)組(68.6±12.5)分與對(duì)照組(56.2±12.2)分,兩組之間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.260,P<0.001)。
2.4? 細(xì)胞免疫功能
術(shù)后2 d與7 d,兩組患者CD4+以及CD8+比值組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.5? 免疫球蛋白水平情況
術(shù)后2 d對(duì)比中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者IgG與IgA水平明顯好于對(duì)照組,并且兩組患者IgG與IgA水平均小于手術(shù)前水平;對(duì)比術(shù)后7 d,實(shí)驗(yàn)組IgG水平與術(shù)前水平相近,對(duì)照組患者IgG與IgA水平均小于術(shù)前水平,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
3? 討論
因老年患者年齡過大與骨質(zhì)疏松狀況顯著,故在術(shù)后易發(fā)生假體在關(guān)節(jié)腔松動(dòng)下沉、手術(shù)部位愈合緩慢并發(fā)感染等問題[6]。老年患者對(duì)術(shù)后康復(fù)干預(yù)措施會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極影響,為此老年患者功能恢復(fù)與免疫情況改善程度與術(shù)后干預(yù)的實(shí)施存在一定關(guān)系,如若在術(shù)后忽視規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練的實(shí)施,不但會(huì)減少患者肢體功能評(píng)分,還存在并發(fā)癥發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),影響治療效果[7]??梢?,規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛對(duì)于老年髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者臨床療效意義重大。
該次研究結(jié)果,實(shí)驗(yàn)組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率2.77%(1/36)低于對(duì)照組22.22%(8/36)(P<0.05)。兩組患者手術(shù)后7 d,實(shí)驗(yàn)組自理功能評(píng)分明顯好于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。兩組患者Harris評(píng)分在手術(shù)后2 d相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組Harris評(píng)分好于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。術(shù)后7 d,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。手術(shù)前1 d CD4+、CD8+實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后2 d與7 d,兩組患者CD4+以及CD8+組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者在術(shù)前1 dIgG與IgA水平對(duì)比中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后2 d對(duì)比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者IgG與IgA水平明顯好于對(duì)照組,并且兩組患者IgG與IgA水平均小于手術(shù)前水平,組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)比術(shù)后7 d,實(shí)驗(yàn)組IgG水平與術(shù)前水平相近,對(duì)照組患者IgG與IgA水平均小于術(shù)前水平(P<0.05)。由此可見,規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛對(duì)于老年髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者臨床療效意義重大,能夠調(diào)節(jié)患者免疫功能與肢體功能,降低并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,提高患者自理能力。該研究結(jié)果與趙文雅等人[8]研究結(jié)果相一致,其中觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生概率為5.22%,明顯低于參照組24.35%,且觀察組Harris評(píng)分好于參照組(P<0.05),該次研究具有可行性特征。
綜上所述,規(guī)范化康復(fù)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)合硬膜外鎮(zhèn)痛能夠改善老年髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后患者免疫功能與肢體功能情況,降低患者并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,提升患者自理能力。
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(收稿日期:2020-07-21)