徐小紅
是蔥綠的草叢泛黃的時候,
是落葉在地上翻滾的時候,
是秋雨和黃昏一同降臨的時候,
女孩幸福地望著樹皮小屋,
小屋里,蟋蟀在演奏,
小屋里,螞蚱和螢火蟲在舞蹈……
many 和much都表示“許多”。many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:
1. Do you have many good friends? 你有許多好朋友嗎?
2. There isnt much juice in the bottle. 瓶子里沒有多少果汁了。
3. My friends will come to the party. Many of them are good at dancing.
我的朋友們來參加聚會,其中很多人都擅長跳舞。
4. The pond is full of rain. Much is running into the river.
池塘里積滿了雨水,大量的雨水正流向河里。
many和much可與how構(gòu)成疑問詞,對名詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問。how many后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),how much后接不可數(shù)名詞。如:
1. How many toys do you have? 你有多少玩具?
2. How much milk is there in the fridge? 冰箱里有多少牛奶?
a lot of和lots of既可跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,又可跟不可數(shù)名詞。如:
1. There is a lot of water on the floor.
There is much water on the floor.
地板上有許多水。
2. We picked a lot of apples on the farm last week.
We picked many apples on the farm last week.
上周我們在農(nóng)場里摘了許多蘋果。
3. We played lots of games at the camp in the mountains.
We played many games at the camp in the mountains.
在山中野營地,我們做了許多游戲。
some和any 都表示“一些”,可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。some常用于肯定句,any則常用于疑問句和否定句中。如:
1. There is some time left. 還剩下些時間。
2. Some students are playing games in the playground.
一些學(xué)生正在操場上做游戲。
3. There isnt any water in the glass. 玻璃杯中沒有水。
4. Can you see any pictures on the wall? 你能看到墻上的畫嗎?
some可用于表示請求的疑問句中,表示希望得到對方肯定回答。如:
1. Would you like some apple juice? 你想要喝些蘋果汁嗎?
2. - Can I have some writing paper, Mum? 媽媽,我能要一些信紙嗎?
-Sure. Here you are. 當(dāng)然可以,給你。
no用在肯定句中表示“沒有”,相當(dāng)于not any, not a/an。如:
1. There is no food on his plate.
There is not any food on his plate.
他的盤子里沒有食物了。
2. There is no apple in the bag.
There is not an apple in the bag.
包里沒有蘋果。
還有一類詞,通常叫做合成不定代詞,它們都有some-, any-, no- 的詞頭,它們的用法和這三個詞相同。如:
someone某人 somebody 某人 something 某事/物
anyone 任何人 anybody任何人 anything任何事/物
no one 沒有人 nobody 沒有人 nothing 沒事/物
1. Somebody is waiting for you in the classroom.
有人在教室等你。
2. She didnt know anybody at the party.
晚會上,她誰也不認(rèn)識。
3. No one knows his name.
沒有人知道他的名字。
4. I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告訴你。
5. I cant do anything like that.
我不能做那樣的事。
every和each都有“每個”的意思。every表示“各個”,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念,表示三者或三者以上,不與of搭配,動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;each表示“每個”,強(qiáng)調(diào)個體概念,表示兩者或兩者以上,能與of搭配,動詞一般也用單數(shù)形式。如:
1. Every student in our class studies hard. 我們班每個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很努力。
2. Every teacher in our school is kind. 我們學(xué)校每個老師都很好。
3. Each child has a toy. 每個孩子都有一個玩具。
4. Each lesson lasts forty minutes. 每堂課時間為40分鐘。
5. My father gave a present to each of us. 爸爸給了我們每人一件禮物。
both和all都表示“全部都”。both表示“兩者都”,而all表示“三者或三者以上都”。如:
1. Both of my parents are busy. 我的父母都很忙。
2. Ill buy both of them. 兩個我都要買。
3. All of the students like English. 所有的學(xué)生都喜歡英語。
4. Tony, Mike and Tim are all good students. 托尼、邁克和提姆都是好學(xué)生。
5. All her money is in her purse. 她所有的錢都在錢包里。
all指事物的整體或抽象概念時用單數(shù),指人時用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
1. All is going well. 一切進(jìn)展順利。(指事物的整體或抽象概念)
2. All are here, so lets start. 所有的人都到齊了,咱們開始吧。(指人)
a few和a little都有“少數(shù)、少量”的意思,帶有肯定的意味。a few表示“幾個”,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式;a little表示“一點”,后接不可數(shù)名詞。如:
1. He asked me a few questions. 他問了我?guī)讉€問題。
2. There are a few oranges on the table. 桌子上有幾個橘子。
3. He only has a little money. 他僅有一點兒錢。
4. There is a little milk in the glass. 杯子里有一點兒牛奶。
5. There is only a little hope. 僅有一點兒希望。
few和little都有“很少,幾乎沒有”的意思,帶有否定的意味。few后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,little后接不可數(shù)名詞。如:
1. There are few apples in the basket. 籃子里沒有幾個蘋果了。
2. There are few things I need to buy. 我不需要買什么東西。
3. We have little meat in the fridge. 冰箱里沒有多少肉了。
4. There is little food left for us. 幾乎沒給我們留下什么食物。
5. I had little money and little free time. 我沒什么錢,也沒多少空閑時間。
聽,那奇妙的音樂!
像樹林里的鳥兒鳴唱,
像黃昏里的風(fēng)鈴叮當(dāng),
像田野上的長笛悠揚,
像宮殿里的銅鐘回響……
哦,在樹皮小屋里,
有多少美妙的故事……