徐娟
[摘要] 目的 探究急性心肌梗死后心律失常的發(fā)生時(shí)間以及護(hù)理方法。 方法 方便選擇該院2018年12月—2019年12月收治的80例急性心肌梗死后心律失?;颊?。按照護(hù)理方式不同進(jìn)行分組,分成對(duì)照組(常規(guī)護(hù)理)、觀察組(在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上采用針對(duì)性護(hù)理)。了解不同時(shí)間段患者發(fā)生心律失常的情況,對(duì)比兩組急性心肌梗死患者護(hù)理前后心功能指標(biāo)、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率以及護(hù)理滿意度。結(jié)果 急性心肌梗死患者發(fā)生心律失常最集中的時(shí)間段為凌晨5點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn),發(fā)生時(shí)間段比較少的時(shí)間為下午5點(diǎn)到次日凌晨4點(diǎn)。護(hù)理前的心功能指標(biāo)對(duì)比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);實(shí)施護(hù)理后,急性心肌梗死患者的LVEF分別為對(duì)照組(44.65±3.54)%、觀察組(52.81±3.51)%(t=10.352 ?P<0.001)。LVEDD分別為對(duì)照組(61.40±2.31)mm、觀察組(52.64±2.50)mm(t=16.277,P<0.001);對(duì)照組患者的LVESD為(55.35±2.35)mm,觀察組患者的LVESD為(50.23±2.64)mm(t=9.162,P<0.001)。觀察組患者護(hù)理后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為5.00%低于對(duì)照組20.00%(χ2=4.114,P=0.042),護(hù)理滿意度高于對(duì)照組,組間數(shù)據(jù)比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者的護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分為(92.91±3.62)分,高于對(duì)照組患者的(82.40±3.12)分,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=13.909,P<0.001)。 結(jié)論 急性心肌梗死患者實(shí)施針對(duì)性護(hù)理措施后,能夠改善患者心功能,減少并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,值得推薦。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 急性心肌梗死;心律失常;發(fā)生時(shí)間;心功能
[中圖分類號(hào)] R473.74 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2020)11(a)-0135-03
The Occurrence Time and Nursing of Arrhythmia after Acute Myocardial Infarction
XU Juan
First Ward of Cardiology Department, Central Hospital of Zibo Mining Group Co., Ltd. Zibo, Shandong Province, 255120 China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the occurrence time of arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction and the nursing methods. Methods convenient select 80 patients with arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction in the hospital from December 2018 to December 2019. According to different nursing methods, they were divided into control group (routine nursing) and observation group (use targeted care based on the control group). To understand the occurrence of arrhythmia in patients at different time periods, to compare the cardiac function indexes, complication rate and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of acute myocardial infarction patients before and after nursing. Results The most concentrated period of arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction is from 5 am to 4 pm, and the time when the time period is relatively small is from 5 pm to 4 am the next day. There was no statistically significant difference in cardiac function indicators before nursing (P>0.05); after nursing, the LVEF of patients with acute myocardial infarction were (44.65±3.54)% in the control group and (52.81±3.51)% in the observation group (t=10.352, P<0.001). LVEDD was (61.40±2.31) mm in the control group and (52.64±2.50) mm in the observation group (t=16.277, P<0.001); the LVESD of the control group was (55.35±2.35) mm, and the LVESD of the observation group was (50.23±2.64) mm (t=9.162, P<0.001). The incidence of complications after nursing in the observation group was 5.00% lower than 20.00% in the control group (χ2=4.114, P=0.042), and the nursing satisfaction rate was higher than that in the control group. There was statistically significant difference in the data comparison between the groups (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction score of the observation group was (92.91±3.62) points, which was higher than the (82.40±3.12) points of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=13.909, P<0.001). Conclusion The targeted nursing measures for patients with acute myocardial infarction can improve the patient's heart function and reduce the occurrence of complications. It is worth recommending.
3 ?討論
如今,隨著高血壓、糖尿病等內(nèi)科疾病發(fā)病率不斷提高,心血管疾病發(fā)病率呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì)。其中,急性心肌梗死作為常見(jiàn)的心血管疾病之一,具有較高的致死率,嚴(yán)重威脅到患者的生命安全。心律失常屬于急性心肌梗死患者常見(jiàn)的并發(fā)癥之一,是導(dǎo)致患者死亡的主要因素。
在文中可以看出在5~8、9~12、13~16 h這3個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi),急性心肌梗死患者發(fā)生心律失常的次數(shù)最多,導(dǎo)致這種情況出現(xiàn)的主要原因可能是晝夜節(jié)律性變化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌發(fā)生變化。部分研究表明,急性心血管事件如心肌缺血、心肌梗死、猝死、室性心律失常等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生均主要集中于上午,是由于兒茶酚在凌晨5點(diǎn)到上午12點(diǎn)間分泌量不斷增加,兒茶酚的不斷增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者血壓顯著升高,心率上升,心臟收縮力增強(qiáng),血小板聚集率增強(qiáng),纖溶系統(tǒng)功能降低,從而導(dǎo)致急性心肌梗死患者發(fā)生心律失常[8-9]。
因此在急性心肌梗死患者容易發(fā)生心律失常的時(shí)間段內(nèi),護(hù)理人員需要展開(kāi)針對(duì)性護(hù)理服務(wù),密切監(jiān)測(cè)患者的生命體征,加強(qiáng)心電監(jiān)護(hù),及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)患者病情變化,爭(zhēng)取搶救時(shí)機(jī)。提前準(zhǔn)備好相關(guān)搶救器材、藥品,并保證完整性,從而提高搶救成功率。同時(shí)護(hù)理人員還需要做好急性心肌梗死患者的健康教育與心理護(hù)理,保證患者身心健康,減少其他因素加重患者的病情,阻礙患者治療。
在該次研究中,可以看出從凌晨5點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)是急性心肌梗死患者發(fā)生心律失常的主要時(shí)間段,在該階段內(nèi)對(duì)患者采取針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù),有助于改善患者病情,改善患者心功能,提升患者護(hù)理滿意度,觀察組患者的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與對(duì)照組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。在陳淑云[10]的研究中,觀察組患者給予循證護(hù)理后,患者心動(dòng)過(guò)速等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為8.50%,低于對(duì)照組的35.9%,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。這與該次研究結(jié)果相符合。該次研究中,觀察組患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為5.00%,小于對(duì)照組的20.00%,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
綜上所述,急性心肌梗死患者入院接受治療后,在凌晨5點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)需要提高重視程度,對(duì)患者采取積極有效的護(hù)理服務(wù),從而降低心律失常發(fā)生,從而降低病死率,提高臨床療效。
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(收稿日期:2020-08-07)