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含有微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)的乳腺單純型黏液癌臨床病理特征與預(yù)后分析

2021-01-05 14:17晏佩佩蔡宏偉馮曉敏
中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2021年31期
關(guān)鍵詞:臨床病理乳腺

晏佩佩 蔡宏偉 馮曉敏

[摘要] 目的 探討含有微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)的乳腺單純型黏液癌(MPMC)與乳腺單純型黏液癌(PMC)的臨床病理特征與預(yù)后差異。 方法 篩選2013年4月至2020年11月在本院確診的31例PMC病例(MPMC 15例,PMC 16例),對(duì)臨床病理特征及預(yù)后進(jìn)行分析。 結(jié)果 MPMC腫瘤直徑更大,Luminal B型比例高(P<0.05),MPMC中級(jí)別核級(jí)比例及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率呈增高趨勢(shì)。兩組脈管侵襲率、ER、PR和HER2、Ki67陽(yáng)性率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組各有1例復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移,均無(wú)死亡病例。 結(jié)論 與PMC相比,MPMC侵襲力有一定程度的增加,兩組預(yù)后無(wú)明顯差異。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 微乳頭;黏液癌;乳腺;臨床病理

[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.9? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)31-0142-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the difference in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between pure mucinous carcinoma of breast with micropapillary feature (MPMC) and pure mucinous carcinoma of breast (PMC). Methods A total of 31 PMC patients (15 MPMC patients and 16 PMC patients) diagnosed in our hospital from April 2013 to November 2020 were screened. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. Results The diameter of MPMC tumor was larger and proportion of Luminal B type was higher(P<0.05). The proportion of middle nuclear grade and rate of lymph node metastasis showed an increasing trend in MPMC. There were no statistical differences in vascular invasion rate,ER,PR,HER2 and Ki67 positive rate between the two groups(P>0.05).There was 1 patient of recurrence and metastasis in each group, and there was no death. Conclusion Compared with PMC, the invasiveness of MPMC is increased to a certain extent. There is no significant difference in prognosis between the two groups.

[Key words] Micropapillary; Mucinous carcinoma; Breast; Clinicopathology

乳腺單純型黏液癌(Pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast,PMC)的形態(tài)溫和、含有大量細(xì)胞外黏液,預(yù)后良好[1],細(xì)胞外黏液可能限制了腫瘤擴(kuò)散[2]。浸潤(rùn)性微乳頭狀癌(Invasive micropapillary carcinomas,IPMC)侵襲性強(qiáng),預(yù)后差[3]。2002年Ng等[4]首次報(bào)道了含有微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)的單純型黏液癌(Micropapillary pattern of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast,MPMC)病例,提出將其作為黏液癌的一種新亞型。Mukherjee等[5]認(rèn)為微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)可能改變腫瘤侵襲性行為,Bal等[6]認(rèn)為MPMC是惰性的,微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)與預(yù)后無(wú)相關(guān)性。目前關(guān)于MPMC的研究結(jié)論不一致,因此,本研究收集了15例MPMC進(jìn)行研究分析,探討微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)是否會(huì)增加PMC的侵襲性,影響預(yù)后,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

收集2013年4月至2020年11月南京市婦幼保健院確診為PMC的病例31例,均為女性,其中15例為MPMC。

1.2 方法

所有標(biāo)本經(jīng)10%中性福爾馬林固定、包埋、4 μm厚度連續(xù)切片、HE染色后鏡下觀察,用Envision兩步法行免疫組化染色,并設(shè)立陰性、陽(yáng)性對(duì)照。免疫組化所用一抗雌激素受體(Estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受體(Progesterone receptor,PR)購(gòu)自福州邁新公司,Ki67、EMA購(gòu)自北京中杉金橋公司,人類表皮因子生長(zhǎng)受體-2(Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)購(gòu)自羅氏公司。

1.3 判讀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

ER、PR、Ki67陽(yáng)性為胞核著色,計(jì)算陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞百分率。參照2018年美國(guó)臨床腫瘤學(xué)會(huì)/美國(guó)病理學(xué)家學(xué)會(huì)的乳腺癌HER2檢測(cè)指南對(duì)HER2進(jìn)行評(píng)分[7],判定為2+病例通過(guò)熒光原位雜交確定為陰性/陽(yáng)性。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,用Fishier確切概率法比較兩組之間的臨床病理特征,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 臨床資料

MPMC平均年齡(52.87±8.64)歲,PMC平均年齡(50.38±9.69)歲。見表1。MPMC與PMC手術(shù)與治療方案見表2。

2.2 病理特征

MPMC腫瘤直徑0.8~5.5 cm,平均(2.71±1.21)cm,PMC腫瘤直徑1~4 cm,平均(1.95±0.70)cm,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。MPMC細(xì)胞核級(jí)、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與脈管侵犯率見表1。

2.3 免疫組化結(jié)果

免疫結(jié)果見封三圖6,MPMC微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)EMA外周膜陽(yáng)性(封三圖6F),部分病例見沙礫體(封三圖6E)。MPMC組Luminal B型占比高于PMC(P<0.05)。ER、PR、HER2、Ki-67陽(yáng)性率見表1。

2.4 隨訪結(jié)果

MPMC隨訪中位時(shí)間56個(gè)月(6~90個(gè)月),1例復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移、3例失訪。PMC隨訪中位時(shí)間49個(gè)月(6~91個(gè)月),1例復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移、2例失訪,均無(wú)死亡病例。

3 討論

乳腺黏液癌是一種少見的乳腺癌亞型[1]。2002年,Ng等[4]首次報(bào)道含有微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)的PMC,提出將其作為黏液癌新亞型。有學(xué)者[8]發(fā)現(xiàn)IPMC侵襲性強(qiáng),脈管浸潤(rùn)和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率高,黏液癌中的微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)可能影響腫瘤的生物學(xué)行為[5];MPMC也可能是PMC的變型[9],大量的細(xì)胞外黏液限制了腫瘤擴(kuò)散[2],細(xì)胞外黏液的含量可能與預(yù)后相關(guān)[10]。

Kim等[10]將微乳頭狀成分超過(guò)50%的病例歸入MPMC;Sun等[11]的納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是微乳頭狀成分超過(guò)1%,本研究納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為微乳頭狀成分超過(guò)50%。PMC好發(fā)于中老年女性,MPMC傾向于較年輕的患者[1]。Xu等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn)MPMC腫瘤直徑更大,腫瘤細(xì)胞核大部分為低-中級(jí)別核[13]。眾所周知,Luminal B型乳腺癌在診斷與治療方面更復(fù)雜,對(duì)內(nèi)分泌治療敏感性低,預(yù)后較差。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MPMC中Luminal B型比例更高(P>0.05),但隨訪期內(nèi)兩組患者預(yù)后無(wú)差異。

TP53和PIK3CA是ER陽(yáng)性乳腺癌常見的突變基因,IPMC的TP53和PIK3CA突變頻率高,1q擴(kuò)增、16q缺失。Pareja1等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)5例MPMC中2個(gè)例16q缺失,3例TP53和PIK3CA的突變頻率低。Daniela等[15]檢測(cè)10例MPMC和11例PMC樣本,發(fā)現(xiàn)MPMC的PI3K-Akt、mTOR和黏著斑通路等發(fā)生改變,這些通路與各種癌癥的侵襲性轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)。MPMC可能在基因水平上不同于PMC,某些特定基因組改變可能是腫瘤侵襲性行為的原因。

在2019年版WHO中提到含有微乳頭狀結(jié)構(gòu)的黏液癌,但未明確診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),需要更多的病例被報(bào)道,才能從形態(tài)學(xué)、基因改變等方面全面描述這一少見腫瘤,為臨床治療提供更準(zhǔn)確的方向。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] WHO Classificaion of Tumours Editorial Board. Breast tumours, lyon (france):International agency for research on cancer[S]. WHO Classification of Tumours series,2019.

[2] Komaki K,Sakamoto G,Sugano H,et al. Mucinous carcinoma of the breast in Japan. A prognostic analysis based on morphologic features[J].Cancer,1988,61(5):989-996.

[3] Gokce H,Durak MG,Akin MM,et al.Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast:A clinicopathologic study of 103 cases of an unusual and highly aggressive variant of breast carcinoma[J].Breast J,2013,19(4):374-381.

[4] Ng WK.Fine-needle aspiration cytology findings of an uncommon micropapillary variant of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast:Review of patients over an 8-year period[J].Cancer,2002,96(5):280-288.

[5] Mukherjee A,Russell R,Chin SF,et al. Associations between genomic stratification of breast cancer and centrally reviewed tumour pathology in the metabric cohort[J]. NPJ Breast Cancer,2018,4(5):1-9.

[6] Bal A,Joshi K,Sharma SC,et al. Prognostic significance of micropapillary pattern in pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast[J]. Int J Surg Pathol,2008,16(3):251-256.

[7] Antonio C Wolff,M Elizabeth Hale Hammond,Kimberly H Allison,et al. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer:American society of clinical oncology/college of American pathologists clinical practice guideline focused update[J].J Clin Oncol,2018,36(20):2105-2122.

[8] Siriaunkgul S,Tavassoli FA. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast[J]. Mod Pathol,1993,6(6):660-662.

[9] Shet T,Chinoy R. Presence of a micropapillary pattern in mucinous carcinomas of the breast and its impact on the clinical behavior[J].Breast J,2008,14(5):412-420.

[10] Kim HJ,Park K,Kim JY,et al. Prognostic significance of a micropapillary pattern in pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast:Comparative analysis with micropapillary carcinoma[J].J Pathol Transl Med,2017,51(4):403-409.

[11] Sun P,Zhong ZX,Lu QY,et al. Mucinous carcinoma with micropapillay features is morphologically,clinically and genetically distinct from pure? mucinous carcinoma of breast[J]. Modern Pathology,2020,33(10):1945-1960.

[12] Xu XL,Bi R,Shui RH,et al. Micropapillary pattern in pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast-does it matter or not[J]. Histopathology,2019,74(2):248-255.

[13] 王佩,王映梅,李春梅,等.乳腺浸潤(rùn)性微乳頭狀黏液癌14 例臨床病理分析[J]. 臨床與實(shí)驗(yàn)病理學(xué)雜志,2018, 34(5):572-575.

[14] Parejal F,Selenica1 P,Brown DN,et al. Micropapillary variant of mucinous carcinomas of the breast display genetic alterations intermediate between mucinous carcinomas and micropapillary carcinomas[J]. Histopathology,2019,75(1):139-145.

[15] Daniela Miricescu,Alexandra Totan,Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu,et al. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer: From molecular landscape to clinical aspects[J].Int J Mol Sci,2020,22(1):173.

(收稿日期:2021-07-10)

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