張潔

關(guān)于There be 和It be 的句型，是高中英語語法中學(xué)生感覺最易混淆的兩種句型，筆者搜集了一些實(shí)例，現(xiàn)將這兩種句型進(jìn)行較為詳盡的歸納，以幫助學(xué)生巧用這兩個(gè)句型。

一.There be 句型（按結(jié)構(gòu)分）

1. There be + n. 意為 ?“有……” （之后如有幾個(gè)并列主語，be動(dòng)詞的選擇取決于第一個(gè)主語，即就近原則）

（1） There is a duck and two geese on his farm. 他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)有一只鴨兩只鵝。

（2） There are two geese and a duck on his farm. 他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)有兩只鵝一只鴨。

2. There is （no） need to do sth. 意為 “（沒）有必要做某事”

There is no need to pick at him all day long. He’s a child after all. 不要老是對(duì)他嘮嘮叨叨，他畢竟還是個(gè)孩子嘛！

3. There is （no） hope/chance/possibility of doing sth. 意為 “（沒）有……的希望/可能性”

（1）His condition is getting steadily worse， and there is no hope of his recovering from his liver failure. 他的情況越來越糟糕，恐怕沒有希望從肝衰竭中康復(fù)了。

（2）Is there any chance of Trump’s being elected President again？ 川普有可能再次當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)嗎？

4. There is （no） difficulty/trouble/point/sense/delay （in） doing sth意為“做某事（沒）有困難/意義/延遲”

（1） There is difficulty in helping her brush off anxiety.很難幫她擺脫焦慮。

（2） There is no point tossing a coin to make a decision.拋硬幣來作決定是沒有意義的。

5. There is no doubt/guarantee/saying/telling/knowing/denying + that/which-clause ?意為“ ……毫無疑問/無法保證/很難說/難以預(yù)測(cè)/沒法知道/不可否認(rèn)”

（1）There is no doubt that he is in a good mood. 毫無疑問他心情很不錯(cuò)。

（2） There is no saying whether he got cross with you or not. 他有沒有生你的氣很難說。

（3） There is no denying that I was half dead with fear on seeing that snake. 不可否認(rèn)我看到蛇時(shí)嚇得要命。

二.It be 句型（按意義分）

1. 與時(shí)間有關(guān)

（1） It is/has been + 時(shí)間段 + since + 一般過去時(shí)

注意：如果since后的動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞，意為“自從…以來已多久了”;如果是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“不做……已經(jīng)多久了”。

例句：It is/has been 3 years since he began to work here as an associate professor. 他在這兒當(dāng)副教授三年了。

It is/has been 3 years since he worked here as an associate professor.他不在這兒當(dāng)副教授三年了。

（2）It will （not） be + 時(shí)間段+ before + 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 意為 ?“要過一段時(shí)間才會(huì)……（要不了……就……）”

例句：It will be nearly a month before I get the result of my application. I’m feeling like sitting on pins and needles every day. 要一個(gè)多月后才能收到我申請(qǐng)的結(jié)果，我每天都如坐針氈。

（3） It was （not） + 時(shí)間段 + before + 一般過去時(shí) 意為“過了一段時(shí)間就…（沒過多久就…）”

例句：It was not long before he tiptoed out of the conference hall. 不久他就躡手躡腳地溜出了會(huì)議室。

（4） It was + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間 + when + ?一般過去時(shí) 意為“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”

例句：It was 3am when the storm poured down. 暴雨傾盆而下時(shí)是凌晨三點(diǎn)。

（5）It was + 時(shí)間狀語 + that + 一般過去時(shí) ? ? （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

例句：It was at 3am that the storm poured down. 凌晨三點(diǎn)，暴雨傾盆而下。

（6）It is/was + the first （second， third…） time +for sb to do sth

或It is/was + the first（second， third…） time +that +sb+現(xiàn)在/過去完成時(shí) 意為 “是某人第一（二，三…）次做某事”

例句：The little baby was overjoyed， because it was the first time that he saw ducks quacking cheerfully on the lawn. 小朋友興奮不已，因?yàn)樗谝淮我姷叫▲喿觽冊(cè)诓莸厣蠚g快地嘎嘎叫。

（7）It is （high/about） time that + sb. did/should do sth 意為“該是某人做某事的時(shí)候了”

例句：It’s time that we kept up our spirits. 我們?cè)撘褡髌饋砹耍?/p>

2. 與人有關(guān)

（1） It + be + adj./n. + for sb to do sth ?（for sb 表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者）

例句：It is necessary for you to apologize to your teacher because you made a dreadful mistake. 必須向你老師道歉，因?yàn)槟惴赶乱粋€(gè)可怕的錯(cuò)誤。

（2） It + be + adj./n. + of sb to do sth ?（of sb 既表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者又表示人所具備的性質(zhì)或特征）

例句：It’s unwise of you to wear a gloomy expression every day just because you failed once. 就因?yàn)槭×艘淮文憔驼斐蠲疾徽购懿幻髦恰?/p>

（3） It is up to sb to do sth ?“應(yīng)由某人來做某事”

例句：It’s up to you to decide whether to feel our way in the darkness or just wait here for rescue. 由你來決定我們是摸黑前進(jìn)還是就地等待救援。

（4） It is （not） like sb. to do sth ? “做某事（不）是某人的一貫作風(fēng)”

例句：It’s not like him to get into a mad panic in such a situation！ 在這種情況下驚慌失措不是他的一貫作風(fēng)??！

3. 其它句型

（1） It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who + 原句剩余部分 ?（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

例句：It was not until I dragged my legs home that I began to realize that I got a fever. ? 直到我拖著沉重的雙腿回到家，我才意識(shí)到我發(fā)燒了。

（2）It is said/reported/believed/hoped… + that-clause 意為 ?“據(jù)說/報(bào)道/人們相信/希望…”

例句：It was said that the little girl’s finger was bitten when she was stroking a cat.據(jù)說小女孩在擼貓時(shí)手指被咬了。

（3） It is no wonder that-clause意為“ 難怪…”

例句：It’s no wonder that Tom stormed out of the room and slammed the door. 難怪湯姆沖出房間，狠狠摔門。

（4） It is no use/good + doing sth 意為 “做某事是沒用/沒有意義的”

例句：It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. 對(duì)著撒了的牛奶哭是沒用的。（諺）覆水難收。

三.綜合訓(xùn)練

{微場(chǎng)景描寫練習(xí)}

陽光明媚，溪水清澈。草地上有幾只小鴨子在歡快地嘎嘎叫，蝴蝶在花叢中飛來飛去。“該練練足球了。”大衛(wèi)喃喃自語。他正要抬腿踢球，突然被什么東西絆倒了。黑乎乎的一團(tuán)，不知道是什么東西。他去找來一根小棍子，戳了一下它，它突然蠕動(dòng)起來，發(fā)出嘶嘶聲。原來是一條大蟒蛇！大衛(wèi)嚇的動(dòng)彈不得。危機(jī)時(shí)刻，杰克飛奔過來，一把拉住大衛(wèi)的手臂?！翱炫?！”跑到安全處，杰克說：“見到蛇呆在原地可不是明智的舉動(dòng)?。樀貌恢氩皇悄愕淖黠L(fēng)??！”“可這是我第一次見到活生生的蛇啊！”大衛(wèi)氣喘吁吁地大叫，仍然很后怕?！笆悄憔攘宋乙幻?，太謝謝啦！”

參考譯文：

The sun was shining brightly， and the water was crystal clear. There were ducks quacking cheerfully on the lawn and butterflies flitting from flower to flower. “It’s high time I practiced soccer.” David murmured. He was about to kick the ball when he tripped over something. It was black all over， and there was no knowing what it was. He got a stick nearby and stabbed it slightly. It writhed and hissed. It was a boa constrictor！ His feet were pinned to the ground， trembling， too scared to move. At that critical time， Jack dashed to David and grasped him by the arm. “Go！ David， go！” When they ran to a safe distance， Jack said， “It’s unwise to remain still on seeing a snake. It’s not like you to be paralyzed with fear！” “But it was the first time that I had witnessed a live snake in my life！” David shouted， out of breath， still full of fear. “It is you who saved my life. Can’t thank you too much！”

（作者單位：江蘇省天一中學(xué)）