高潔
出題方向
1.出題量最大,也是最難把握的方向——同詞根不同詞類之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換常考的相互轉(zhuǎn)換詞類有四種:名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞
動(dòng)詞、形容詞→名詞
名詞→動(dòng)詞、形容詞
動(dòng)詞→形容詞
形容詞→動(dòng)詞
形容詞→副詞
副詞→形容詞
做這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換需要我們平時(shí)大量的積累,建立詞根詞綴的概念,多掌握常用的詞綴,靈活變通。
2.最基本題型,必考方向——名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞
名詞考查方向:復(fù)數(shù)。
代詞考查方向:①賓格;②形容詞性、名詞性物主代詞轉(zhuǎn)換;③反身代詞可能出現(xiàn)。
數(shù)詞考查方向:①基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的拼寫與互換;②分?jǐn)?shù)可能出現(xiàn)。
3.簡(jiǎn)單題型,多練即可把握——比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
需要掌握:①比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化方式;②比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的辨識(shí)關(guān)鍵詞。
4.較難題型,多次轉(zhuǎn)換,反義理解
有時(shí)候詞類之間需要越級(jí)變換,要仔細(xì)斟酌詞類間的修飾關(guān)系,確保答案的正確性。較難題目不僅會(huì)越級(jí)變換,還需要添加反義,這需要更耐心細(xì)致地解題,分析題意。
解題技巧
1.形容詞修飾名詞、代詞性成分,部分名詞也可以修飾名詞。
2.動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞需要副詞修飾,副詞也可以修飾整句話。
3.系動(dòng)詞后一般使用形容詞,系動(dòng)詞后尤其需注意添加形容詞,這點(diǎn)易和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用副詞修飾混淆。
4.扎實(shí)掌握名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞的基本知識(shí)。
5.注做完需要通讀一下,檢查反義及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)問題。
考點(diǎn)解析
考向一:可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)類
1.規(guī)則變化
(1)一般情況加-s,如:girls,books,pens,bags,boys,days,等等。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加-es,如:buses,boxes,watches,brushes,等等。
(3)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,無生命的名詞多加-s,有生命的名詞多加-es。
(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-es,如:city→cities,story→stories,等等。
(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f或fe為v加-es。如:leaf→leaves,knife→knives,
shelf→shelves,等等。(roof→roofs)
2.不規(guī)則變化的名詞要熟記
child→children
deer→deer
man→men
woman→women
tooth→teeth
foot→feet
mouse→mice
Japanese→Japanese
Chinese→Chinese
people→people
sheep→sheep
考向二:名詞變形容詞類
1.在動(dòng)詞或名詞后加后綴-ful,如:
forget→forgetful
thank→thankful
care→→careful
use→useful
help→helpful
beauty→beautiful
wonder→wonderful
meaning→meaningful
2.在名詞后加-y,如:
cloud→cloudy
luck→lucky
wind→windy
noise→noisy
surhe?sunny
rain→rainy
health→healthy
snow→snowy
3.在名詞后加-ly,如:
love→lovely
friend→friendly
week→weekly
day→daily
4.方位名詞加-ern,如:
north→northern
east→eastern
west→western
south→southern
5.在名詞后加-less,變成否定含義的形容詞。如:
hope→hopeless
use→useless
care→careless
考向三:形容詞加后綴變成名詞
1.形容詞加-ness變成名詞,如:
ill→illness
happy→happiness
weak—weakness
careless→carelessness
kind→kindness
good→goodness
2.形容詞加-ty變成名詞,如:
safe→safety
certain→certainty
3.形容詞加-th變成名詞,如:
true→truth
warm→warmth
young→youth
4.形容詞加-ence/ance變成名詞,如:
dependent→dependence
different–difference
important→importance
考向四:形容詞變副詞類
形容詞修飾名詞、代詞等作定語或表語,副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞作狀語。
1.一般形容詞詞尾加-ly變成副詞,如:
slow→slowly
clear→clearly
quick→quickly
real→really
careful→carefully
hopeful→hopefully
quiet→quietly
sudden→suddenly
2.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,要變y為i加-ly,如:
easy→easily
happy→happily
heavy→heavily
lucky→luckily
busy→busily
angry→angrily
3.以元音字母加輔音字母+e結(jié)尾的重讀開音節(jié),直接加-ly,如:
safe→safely
polite→politely
wide→widely
4.以元音字母+e結(jié)尾,去e加-ly,如:
true→truly
5.以輔音字母加-le結(jié)尾,去e加-y,如:
terrible→terribly
possible→possibly
6.形容詞與副詞異形,如:good→well等。
7.形容詞與副詞同形,如:
fast→fast
early→early
high→high
hard→hard
注意:hard作形容詞時(shí)意思是“困難的;硬的;生硬的”等,作副詞時(shí)意思是“努
力地”。hardly是否定副詞,意思是“幾乎不”。
既是形容詞又是副詞的單詞如下:
考向五:動(dòng)詞變名詞類
1.動(dòng)詞加-er變成名詞,如:
1.動(dòng)詞加-er變成名詞,如:
farm→farmer
teach→teacher
work→worker
speak→speaker
sing→singer
play→player
read→reader
drive→driver
write→writer
ride→rider
dance→dancer
run→runner
win→winner
cook→cooker
wash→washer
2.動(dòng)詞加-or變成名詞,如:
invent→inventor
visit→visitor
operate→operator
conduct→conductor
edit→editor
act→actor
3.動(dòng)詞加-tion變成名詞,如:
invent→invention
iberate→liberation
operate→operation
考向六:基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞類
主要掌握好1~12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23這幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞的形式:
one→first
twenty→twentieth
two→second
thirty→thirtieth
forth→fortieth
three→third
four→fourth
fifty→fiftieth
five→fifih
sixty→sixtieth
six→sixth
seventy→seventieth
seven→seventh
eighty→eightieth
ninety→ninetieth
eight→eighth
twenty-one→twenty-first
nine-ninth
twenty-two→twenty-second
ten→tenth
eleven→eleventh
twenty-three→twenty-third
twelve→twelfth
考向七:形容詞與副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)類
1.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)構(gòu)成
(1)單音節(jié)詞與部分雙音節(jié)詞規(guī)則變變化。
①一般詞尾加er,est;如:fast,faster,fastest,等等。
②以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾變y為i加-er,-est;如:easy,easier,easiest,等等。
③以一個(gè)元音加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-er,-est:
如:hot hotter hottest,等等。
④以e結(jié)尾加-r,-st;如:fine→finer,nice→nicer,等等。
(2)部分雙音節(jié)詞或以形容詞加-ly變成的副詞和多音節(jié)詞,在其前加more,most變
成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如:
interesting→more interesting, most interesting
beautiful→more beautiful, most beautiful
slowly→more slowly, most slowly
quickly→more quickly, most quickly
(3)不規(guī)則變化。
good→better→best
well→better→best
much→more→most
many→more→most
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
little→less→least
ill→worse→worst
bad/badly→worse→worst
old→older/older→oldest/eldest
2.原級(jí):as+形容詞或副詞的原形+as
“和……一樣……”
“和……不一樣……”
not as/so+形容詞或副詞的原形+as
考向八:人稱代詞變化類
要熟練掌握和運(yùn)用主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞及名詞性物主代詞。
考向九:常見的反義詞
1.動(dòng)詞
buy—sell
take—bring
remember—forget
die — live
love — hate
rise — fall
start—finish
miss—catch
ask — answer
pull—push
lend—borrow
go — come
2.形容詞
short—tall / long
little—much
right—left / wrong
free—busy
full—empty
few—many
white — black
good — bad
careful — careless
dead — living
cheap—expensive
clean—dirty
same—different
easy—difficult
wet—dry
open— closed
strong —weak
light—heavy
練習(xí)
1. Would you mind making a little less ________? They are having a meeting atthe moment. (noisy)
2. The Smiths live on the________floor of the building. (nine)
3. All the great________are respected by the world. (invent)
4.Mypetisa________cat. She is very lovely. (male)
5. I'll do my homework more________next time. (care)
6. When you study a foreign language, it's important to make a good________.(begin)
7. Everyone knows such kind of books is________to children. They shouldn't besold at any bookstore. (harm)
8. In the past punishment was decided by the university. The student had no________but to accept it. (choose)
9. Our teacher told us the________story I had ever heard at yesterday's classmeeting. (sad)
10. The________Lesson is very difficult but very important. You must learn it byheart.(twelve)
11. They looked very________in the idea. (interest)
12. After they got on the bus, they found two________.(sit)
13. Help________to the fish, everyone. (you)
14. What we have had is just part of the truth. We should try to ge________information about it. (far)
15. A________sight stopped them from going forward. (frighten)