林秋滿 邱萍 徐林芳 龔敏 文萍 文劍波 李興 王桂良
[摘要] 目的 對(duì)應(yīng)用生長(zhǎng)抑素預(yù)防內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影(ERCP)術(shù)后胰腺炎(PEP)和ERCP術(shù)后高淀粉酶血癥(PEHA)的研究進(jìn)行Meta分析。 方法 搜索電子數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),包括PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane圖書(shū)館和科學(xué)引文索引以檢索相關(guān)試驗(yàn)。納入比較生長(zhǎng)抑素和空白對(duì)照預(yù)防PEP的對(duì)照試驗(yàn)。使用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型和固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析以評(píng)估PEP、PEHA和ERCP術(shù)后腹痛的比率。 結(jié)果 生長(zhǎng)抑素組PEP和PEHA比率均明顯低于空白對(duì)照組(RR=0.45,95%CI:0.33~0.61,P<0.00001;RR=0.51,95%CI:0.39~0.67,P<0.00001)。對(duì)于短時(shí)間注射亞組,生長(zhǎng)抑素組與空白對(duì)照組之間的PEP和PEHA比率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(RR=0.49,95%CI:0.22~1.11,P=0.09;RR=0.88,95%CI:0.450~0.172,P=0.71)。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間注射亞組,生長(zhǎng)抑素組的PEP和PEHA比率明顯低于空白對(duì)照組(RR=0.43,95%CI:0.31~0.59,P<0.00001;RR=0.51,95%CI:0.30~0.69,P<0.00001)。對(duì)低危PEP亞組,生長(zhǎng)抑素組與空白對(duì)照組PEP比率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.37~0.97,P=0.96);對(duì)于高危PEP亞組,生長(zhǎng)抑素組PEP比率顯著低于空白對(duì)照組(RR=0.62,95%CI:0.41~0.93)。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間注射高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)PEP亞組,生長(zhǎng)抑素組的PEP比率明顯低于空白對(duì)照組(RR=0.54,95%CI:0.34~0.86,P=0.01)。生長(zhǎng)抑素組的ERCP術(shù)后腹痛總發(fā)生率明顯低于空白對(duì)照組(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.33~1.10,P=0.01)。PEP發(fā)病率的漏斗圖顯示沒(méi)有不對(duì)稱性和負(fù)斜率。結(jié)論 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間注射生長(zhǎng)抑素可以顯著降低高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)患者PEP、PEHA和ERCP后腹痛的發(fā)生率,而對(duì)于低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)患者則無(wú)需使用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影;生長(zhǎng)抑素;胰腺炎;高淀粉酶血癥
[中圖分類號(hào)] R657.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)06-0001-09
Meta analysis of the effectiveness of somatostatin in preventing pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after ERCP
LIN Qiuman QIU Ping XU Linfang GONG Min WEN Ping WEN Jianbo LI Xing WANG Guiliang
Department of Gastroenterology, Pingxiang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Pingxiang? ?337000, China
[Abstract] Objective To conduct a meta-analysis of somatostatin in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP) and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography hyperamylasemia (PEHA). Methods The electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index, were searched to retrieve relevant experiments. A controlled trial comparing somatostatin and blank control to prevent PEP was included. Random effects model and fixed effects model were used for meta-analysis to evaluate the rate of abdominal pain after PEP, PEHA, and ERCP. Results The ratios of PEP and PEHA in the somatostatin group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group(RR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.33-0.61, P<0.00001; RR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.39-0.67, P<0.00001). For the short-term injection subgroup,there was no statistical difference between the ratios of PEP and PEHA between the somatostatin group and the blank control group(RR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.22-1.11, P=0.090; RR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.450-0.172, P=0.71). For the long-term injection subgroup, the ratio of PEP and PEHA in the somatostatin group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group(RR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.31-0.59, P<0.00001; RR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.30-0.69, P<0.00001). For the low-risk PEP subgroup, there was no significant difference in the PEP ratio between the somatostatin group and the blank control group (RR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.37-0.97, P=0.96). For the high-risk PEP subgroup,the PEP ratio of the somatostatin group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group(RR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.41-0.93). For the long-term injection of the high-risk PEP subgroup, the PEP ratio of the somatostatin group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group(RR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.34-0.86, P=0.01). The total rate of abdominal pain after ERCP in the somatostatin group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group(RR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.33-1.10, P=0.01). The funnel chart of the incidence of PEP showed no asymmetry or negative slope. Conclusion Long-term injection of somatostatin can significantly reduce the incidence of abdominal pain after PEP, PEHA and ERCP in high-risk patients, but it is not necessary for low-risk patients.
[Key words] Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Somatostatin; Pancreatitis; Hyperamylasemia
內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影(Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)是一項(xiàng)發(fā)展很快的重要的診斷與治療技術(shù),可用于膽總管結(jié)石、膽道腫瘤、膽管狹窄、胰腺癌等疾病的診斷和治療,具有創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快、療效可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn),其主要并發(fā)癥是腹痛、腹脹、術(shù)后胰腺炎(Post-ERCP pancreatitis,PEP)、高淀粉酶血癥、膽管炎、膿毒血癥、消化道出血和十二指腸穿孔等,其中PEP是最為常見(jiàn)的并發(fā)癥,如何預(yù)防PEP是臨床工作者的一項(xiàng)重要研究課題[1]。預(yù)防PEP的主要藥物有非甾體類抗炎藥物(吲哚美辛、雙氯芬酸和布洛芬等)和蛋白酶抑制劑(生長(zhǎng)抑素、烏司他丁、奧曲肽、加貝酯和奈莫司他等),生長(zhǎng)抑素是這類藥物中最為廣泛應(yīng)用,能抑制胰腺外分泌功能,減少胃泌素及縮膽囊素分泌[2]。但在國(guó)內(nèi)外應(yīng)用生長(zhǎng)抑素抑制PEP的臨床研究中,得出的結(jié)論不一致。本研究運(yùn)用循證醫(yī)學(xué)方法,對(duì)已報(bào)道的國(guó)內(nèi)外應(yīng)用生長(zhǎng)抑素抑制PEP的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行Meta分析,為預(yù)防ERCP術(shù)后并發(fā)癥提供理論證據(jù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 文獻(xiàn)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)將患者分為兩組,生長(zhǎng)抑素組和空白對(duì)照組;(2)患者接受ERCP;(3)該研究至少報(bào)道了以下結(jié)果指標(biāo)之一:PEP、PEHA或ERCP后腹痛。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)非隨機(jī)對(duì)照性研究設(shè)計(jì);(2)臨床病例報(bào)告及缺乏空白對(duì)照組的單組研究;(3)缺乏必要數(shù)據(jù)的研究。
1.2 文獻(xiàn)檢索策略
通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、OVID、Cochrane library、EBSCO、Embase、Web of Science、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),檢索相關(guān)參考文獻(xiàn)。相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)檢索詞為:“somatostatin” “post-ERCP pancreatitis”“endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography” “ERCP”“Hyperamylasemia”“生長(zhǎng)抑素”“ERCP術(shù)后胰腺炎”“內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影”“高淀粉酶血癥”。
1.3 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)及數(shù)據(jù)提取
所納入的文獻(xiàn)通過(guò)兩名研究者對(duì)文獻(xiàn)的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,并且對(duì)不相一致的結(jié)果進(jìn)行復(fù)查,若存在爭(zhēng)議則通過(guò)討論方式解決。對(duì)偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)采用Cochrane系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)手冊(cè)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。由兩名研究者交叉核對(duì)所需數(shù)據(jù)資料,并且通過(guò)第三名研究者對(duì)分歧進(jìn)行評(píng)判。所提取的文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容包括第一作者、第一作者所屬國(guó)家、研究發(fā)表時(shí)間、研究對(duì)象的病例數(shù)、性別、年齡、采用的干預(yù)方法、結(jié)果、退出或失訪的患者等。基于以下兩個(gè)因素進(jìn)行亞組分析:(1)生長(zhǎng)抑素輸注模式,包括推注(單次劑量生長(zhǎng)抑素0.25 mg或4 μg/kg靜脈注射);短時(shí)間注射(生長(zhǎng)抑素0.25 mg/h,滴注或泵靜脈注射<4 h);長(zhǎng)時(shí)間注射(生長(zhǎng)抑素0.25 mg/h,滴注或泵靜脈注射≥4 h);(2)PEP風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,包括高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)PEP(①Oddi括約肌障礙;②近期發(fā)生過(guò)急性胰腺炎;③預(yù)切口括約肌切開(kāi)術(shù);④插管次數(shù)≥3次;⑤胰管注射)和低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)PEP(無(wú)上述高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)PEP因素)[3]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
所獲取的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)Review Manager 5.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行整理和分析。其中的計(jì)數(shù)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)量通過(guò)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比(Risk ratio,RR)進(jìn)行分析,95%置信區(qū)間(Confidenceinterval,CI)表示區(qū)間估計(jì)。對(duì)異質(zhì)性采用χ2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),P<0.1時(shí),表示研究結(jié)果之間有異質(zhì)性,對(duì)異質(zhì)性大小采用I2定量進(jìn)行分析。I2≤50%時(shí),采用固定效應(yīng)模型分析。I2>50%時(shí),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析。以Egger檢驗(yàn)和漏斗圖分析潛在的發(fā)表偏倚。以α=0.05作為檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果及納入文獻(xiàn)的基本特征
通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)檢索,共有1590篇相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)被納入本研究,排除1344篇不符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn),包括重復(fù)性論文、非隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究(RCT)論文和Meta分析論文,得到246篇相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),在排除220篇不符合要求的文獻(xiàn),包括非空白對(duì)照與生長(zhǎng)抑素對(duì)比的論文、聯(lián)用了其他藥物和動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的文獻(xiàn),最后納入26篇文獻(xiàn)[4-29]。文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容涉及患者共6764例,其中3827例為生長(zhǎng)抑素組,2937例為空白對(duì)照組。所納入文獻(xiàn)的基本特征及質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)見(jiàn)圖1、表1。
2.2 Meta分析結(jié)果
2.2.1 生長(zhǎng)抑素與空白對(duì)照組總PEP發(fā)生率比較? 生長(zhǎng)抑素組PEP發(fā)生率為5.3%,空白對(duì)照組PEP發(fā)生率為10.1%,研究之間存在異質(zhì)性(P<0.001,I2=59%),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。與空白對(duì)照組相比,生長(zhǎng)抑素組PEP發(fā)生率顯著降低(RR=0.45,95%CI:0.33~0.61,P<0.0001)。見(jiàn)圖2。
2.2.2 注射方式亞組分析生長(zhǎng)抑素與空白對(duì)照組比較的PEP發(fā)生率? 根據(jù)給藥方式和劑量,將納入患者進(jìn)一步分為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間注射亞組(靜脈滴注或泵入時(shí)間≥4 h)、短時(shí)間注射亞組(一次性靜脈推注,滴注或泵入時(shí)間<4 h)。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間注射亞組各研究間無(wú)異質(zhì)性(P=0.002,I2=55%),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。與空白對(duì)照組比較,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間注射生長(zhǎng)抑素可顯著降低PEP發(fā)生率,組間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(RR=0.43,95%CI:0.31~0.59,P<0.0001);短時(shí)間注射亞組各研究間有異質(zhì)性(P=0.005,I2=68%),采用固定效應(yīng)模型檢驗(yàn)。與空白對(duì)照組比較,短時(shí)間注射生長(zhǎng)抑素不能降低PEP發(fā)生率,組間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(RR=0.49,95%CI:0.22~1.11,P=0.09)。見(jiàn)圖3。
本研究的不足之處在于:(1)納入的文獻(xiàn)數(shù)量不多,將研究對(duì)象細(xì)分為高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)亞組和低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)亞組的文獻(xiàn)不多,部分文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量不高;(2)分析ERCP術(shù)后腹痛的文獻(xiàn)不多。上述的因素可能在一定程度上影響了本項(xiàng)研究的可靠性。因此,尚且需要更多的隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究證明本研究結(jié)果的穩(wěn)定性。
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(收稿日期:2020-08-17)