陶藝丞

新的一年到來(lái)了，在年初我們最喜歡的就是做計(jì)劃，一說(shuō)到計(jì)劃、安排，相信大家腦海中浮現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)詞就是plan，這個(gè)詞對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)很熟悉了，但是它不僅僅只有這一層意思哦，而且除了plan還有其他的表示計(jì)劃、安排的詞，今天我們就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧！

plan作為名詞一共有六種含義：

something that you intend to do or achieve 計(jì)劃;打算

例：Your best plan would be to go by car.

你開車去是上策。

There's been a change of plan.

計(jì)劃有變動(dòng)。

Do you have any plans for the summer？

這個(gè)夏天你有什么打算？

② a set of things to do in order to achieve sth， especially one that has been considered in detail in advance （詳細(xì)）規(guī)劃，方案;精心安排

例：Let's hope everything will go according to plan.

但愿一切都會(huì)按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。

The government has announced plans to create one million new training places. 政府已經(jīng)宣布開設(shè)一百萬(wàn)個(gè)新培訓(xùn)名額的計(jì)劃。

Both sides agreed to a detailed plan for keeping the peace.

雙方都同意維護(hù)和平的詳細(xì)方案。

a development plan發(fā)展規(guī)劃

a plan of action行動(dòng)方案

a five-point plan 五點(diǎn)規(guī)劃

a three-year plan 三年規(guī)劃

③a detailed map ofa building，town（建筑、城鎮(zhèn)等的）詳圖

例：aplan of the museum博物館詳圖

a street plan of the city城市街道詳圖

（術(shù)語(yǔ)，一般以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)）a detailed drawing of a machine，building，etc.that shows its size，shape and measurements（機(jī)器、建筑等的）設(shè)計(jì)圖，平面圖;圖解

例：Thearchitectis drawing up plans for the new offices.

建筑師正在繪制新辦公樓的設(shè)計(jì)圖。

a diagram that shows how sth will be arranged分布圖;示意圖

例：aseating plan （=showing where each person will sit，for example at a dinner）座位安排示意圖

a floor plan （=showing how furniture is arranged）樓層平面圖

⑥（常用于構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞）a way of investing money for the future投資方式

例：asavings plan儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃

搭配：

plan for sth，

例：Isthis your plan for making your way in the world？這就是你要出人頭地的計(jì)劃嗎？

She sketched out her plan for tackling the problem. 她簡(jiǎn)要敘述了解決問(wèn)題的計(jì)劃。

plan to do sth

例：There are no plans to build new offices.

現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有建新辦公樓的計(jì)劃。

I dreamed up a plan to solve both problems at once. 我想出了一個(gè)可以立刻解決這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的計(jì)劃。

make a plan

例：I'dlike to talk it over with you beforeI make a plan.我想和你仔細(xì)商量一下再制訂計(jì)劃。

Set your goal， make a plan， then act on it.

設(shè)定目標(biāo)，制訂一個(gè)計(jì)劃，然后采取行動(dòng)。

plan作為動(dòng)詞一共有三種含義：

to make detailed arrangements for sth you want to do in the future精心安排; 計(jì)劃;謀劃

例：Ameeting has been planned for early next year.

會(huì)議計(jì)劃明年年初召開。

I've been planning howI'm going to spend the day.

我一直在籌劃怎樣度過(guò)這一天。

They planned that the two routes would connect.

他們計(jì)劃讓兩條路接上。

② to intend or expect to do sth 打算;期待

例：We hadn't planned on going anywhere this evening.

我們今晚沒(méi)打算外出。

They plan to arrive some time after three.

他們預(yù)計(jì)在三點(diǎn)鐘以后到達(dá)。

We're planning a trip to France in the spring-are you interested？ 我們打算春天去法國(guó)旅游。你有意去嗎？

to make a design or an outline forsth設(shè)計(jì);安排;組織;策劃

例：to plan an essayla garden構(gòu)思一篇文章;設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)花園a well-planned campaign一場(chǎng)精心策劃的宣傳活動(dòng)

搭配：

plan for sth，

例：People are starting to plan for their summer holidays.人們開始計(jì)劃他們的暑假。

We need to plan for the future.

我們需要為將來(lái)作好打算。

plan to do sth

例：They plan to plant the area with grass and trees.他們計(jì)劃在這個(gè)地區(qū)植樹種草。

plan on doing sth

例：Iplan on learning French.

我計(jì)劃學(xué)法語(yǔ)。

Don't plan on my going with you， for I expect to be busy this weekend. 不要以為我會(huì)陪你去，因?yàn)楸局苣┪視?huì)很忙。

plan sth out

例：Plan out your route before you go.

出發(fā)前要仔細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)你的路線。

She has her career all planned out.

她對(duì)自己的前途事業(yè)已作了精心規(guī)劃。

除了plan之外，還有兩個(gè)詞也可以表示計(jì)劃、安排：

（一）schedule，它有名詞和動(dòng)詞兩種詞性，常用作名詞，有四種含義：

a plan that lists all the work that you have to do and when you must do each thing工作計(jì)劃;日程安排

例：There may be some minor changes to the schedule.

時(shí)間安排也許會(huì)有些小小的變動(dòng)。

②a list showing the times at which particular events will happen 時(shí)間表;時(shí)刻表例：atrain schedule列車時(shí)刻表

Chinese will be on the school schedule from next year.

從明年開始中文將排進(jìn)學(xué)校的課程表。

a list of the television and radio programmes that are on a particular channel

and the times that they start（電視或廣播）節(jié)目表

例：The channel's schedules are filled with old films and repeats.

這個(gè)頻道安排的盡是老電影和重播節(jié)目。

a written list of things，for example prices，rates or conditions（價(jià)格、收費(fèi)或條款等的）一覽表，明細(xì)表，清單

例：tax schedules 稅率表

搭配：

on schedule按時(shí);按照預(yù)定時(shí)間

例：Filming began on schedule （=at the planned time）.

拍攝如期開始。

ahead of schedule提前

例：The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule.新橋提前兩年落成。

according to schedule 按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃

例：The task has been accomplished according to schedule.任務(wù)已如期完成。

tight schedule時(shí)間很緊;行程緊湊

例：We're working to a tight schedule.

我們的工作安排得很緊。

behind schedule落后于預(yù)定計(jì)劃

例：The tunnel projecthas already fallen behind schedule.隧道工程工期已經(jīng)晚了。

（二）arrange，它用作動(dòng)詞有三種含義：

I to plan or organize sth in advance安排;籌備

例：The party was arranged quickly.

聚會(huì)很快就安排好了。

We've still got to arrange how to get to the airport. 我們還得安排如何到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。

Have you arranged to meet him？

你安排好去見(jiàn)他了嗎？

to put sth in a particular order; to make sth neat or attractive整理;排列;布置

例：The books are arranged alphabetically by author.

這些書是按作者姓名字母順序排列的。

I must arrange my financial affairs and make a will.

我必須把我的財(cái)務(wù)安排好，并立下遺囑。

She arranged the flowers in a vase.

她把花瓶中的花插好。

to write or change a piece of music so that it is suitable for a particular

instrument or voice譜寫，改編（樂(lè)曲）

例：Hearranged traditional folk songs for the piano.

他把傳統(tǒng)民歌改編成鋼琴曲。

想一想：

今天我們學(xué)習(xí)了三種表示計(jì)劃安排的詞，也學(xué)習(xí)了它們其他的含義，那么，當(dāng)這三個(gè)詞都表示“計(jì)劃”的時(shí)候，有什么區(qū)別呢？分別可以用于什么場(chǎng)景呢？請(qǐng)大家思考一下吧！