NS Energy

2月，美國暴風(fēng)雪致電力癱瘓，德州的電費暴漲約200倍，一度電約65元。發(fā)電方式和發(fā)電廠也引起了眾多好奇。本期就先介紹用核能、水力和燃煤三種能源發(fā)電的發(fā)電廠。

Nuclear power plants

Using a nuclear fission reaction and uranium as fuel， nuclear power plants lgenerate a high amount of electricity.

As nuclear power plants are considered to be a low-carbon energy source， the technology is widely thought of as a more environmentally-friendly 2）option.

When compared to renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind， the power generation from nuclear power plants is also considered to be more reliable.

Although the 3investment required to bring a nuclear power plant online is significant， the costs involved in operating them are relatively low.

Nuclear power plants require low quantities of fuel but produce a vast amount of power， making them particularly efficient once they are up and running.

Hydroelectric power plants

Hydroelectricity is produced by 4harnessing the gravitational force of flowing water. Compared to fosil fuel-powered energy plants， hydroelectric power plants 5lemit fewer greenhouse gases. But the construction of hydroelectric power plants and dams requires huge investment.

According to the International Hydropower Association's 2017 Hydropower Status Report， an estimated 31.5 gigawatts （GW） of hydropower capacity was put into operation in 2016， bringing the world's cumulative installed capacity to 1，246 GW.

China alone accounted for almost one third of global hydropower capacity and added about 11.74 GW of new capacity in 2016.

Gcal-fired power plants

According to the World Coal Association， coal-fired power plants accounted for about 37% of global electricity in 2018， with China possessing the world's largest fleet.

Coal-fired power plants use steam coal as a source to generate electricity and consequently emit a significant amount of harmful gases into the atmosphere.

In a bid to reduce greenhouse gas emissions， many developed nations have already announced plans to phase out coal-fired power plants.

Canada plans to phase out its coal plants by 2030， while the UK has set a deadline of 2025 and Germany is aiming to remove the technology from its electrcity grid by 2038.

1） generate 【'd3enarelt】 v.產(chǎn)生

2） option 【'opJn】n.選擇

3）investment 【nvestmant】n.投入

4） harness 【'ha：nls】 v.利用

5） emit 【i'mt v.發(fā)出，散發(fā)

核電廠

核電站利用核裂變反應(yīng)和鈾作為燃料，生產(chǎn)大量電能。

由于核電廠被認(rèn)為是低碳能源，因此該技術(shù)被廣泛認(rèn)為是一種更環(huán)保的選擇。

與太陽能和風(fēng)能等可再生能源相比，核電站的發(fā)電也被認(rèn)為更可靠。

盡管使核電廠上線所需的投資是巨大的，但運行它們所涉及的成本相對較低。

核電站只需要少量的燃料，就會產(chǎn)生大量的電能，一旦啟動并運行，它們就會變得特別高效。水力發(fā)電廠水電是通過流動的水的重力產(chǎn)生的。

與以化石燃料為動力的發(fā)電廠相比，水力發(fā)電廠排放的溫室氣體更少。但是水力發(fā)電廠和水壩的建設(shè)需要大量投資。

根據(jù)國際水電協(xié)會的《2017年水電狀況報告》，2016年估計有31.5吉瓦的水電裝機投入運行，使世界累計裝機容量達(dá)到1，246吉瓦。

中國占全球水電容量的近三分之一，2016年新增容量約11.74吉瓦。

燃煤電廠

根據(jù)世界煤炭協(xié)會的數(shù)據(jù)，2018年燃煤電廠約占全球電力的37%，中國擁有全球最大的燃煤發(fā)電機組。

燃煤發(fā)電廠使用動力煤來發(fā)電，并因此向大氣排放大量溫室氣體。

為了減少溫室氣體排放，許多發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)宣布了逐步淘汰燃煤電廠的計劃。

加拿大計劃在2030年之前逐步淘汰其燃煤電廠，而英國設(shè)定了2025年為最后期限，德國的目標(biāo)是到2038年將其從電網(wǎng)中淘汰。